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LAB - IP Adressing

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit logical addresses that uniquely identify devices connected to the Internet. The document discusses IPv4 addressing, including address space, notations, classful addressing using classes A, B, C, D and E, examples of converting between binary and dotted-decimal notation, finding errors in addresses, default masks, and how classful addressing has been replaced with classless addressing using CIDR which allows for more flexible subnetting.

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54 views16 pages

LAB - IP Adressing

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit logical addresses that uniquely identify devices connected to the Internet. The document discusses IPv4 addressing, including address space, notations, classful addressing using classes A, B, C, D and E, examples of converting between binary and dotted-decimal notation, finding errors in addresses, default masks, and how classful addressing has been replaced with classless addressing using CIDR which allows for more flexible subnetting.

Uploaded by

Fawad933
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network Layer

Logical Addressing

IPv4 ADDRESSES
An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely and
universally defines the connection of a device (for
example, a computer or a router) to the Internet.

Topics discussed in this section:


Address Space
Notations
Classful Addressing

Note

An IPv4 address is 32 bits long.

Note

The IPv4 addresses are unique


and universal.

Note

The address space of IPv4 is


232 or 4,294,967,296.

Dotted-decimal notation and binary notation for an IPv4 address

Example 1
Change the following IPv4 addresses from binary
notation to dotted-decimal notation.

Solution
We replace each group of 8 bits with its equivalent
decimal number and add dots for separation.

Example 2
Change the following IPv4 addresses from dotted-decimal
notation to binary notation.

Solution
We replace each decimal number with its binary.

Example 3
Find the error, if any, in the following IPv4 addresses.

Solution
a. There must be no leading zero (045).
b. There can be no more than four numbers.
c. Each number needs to be less than or equal to 255.
d. A mixture of binary notation and dotted-decimal
notation is not allowed.

Note

In classful addressing, the address


space is divided into five classes:
A, B, C, D, and E.

Finding the classes in binary and dotted-decimal notation

Example 4
Find the class of each address.
a. 00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111
c. 14.23.120.8
d. 252.5.15.111
Solution
a. The first bit is 0. This is a class A address.
b. The first 2 bits are 1; the third bit is 0. This is a class C
address.
c. The first byte is 14; the class is A.
d. The first byte is 252; the class is E.

Number of blocks and block size in classful IPv4 addressing

Class A addresses were designed for large organizations with a large number of
attached hosts or routers.
Class B addresses were designed for midsize organizations with tens of attached
hosts or routers.
Class C addresses were designed for small organizations with a small numbers of
attached hosts or routers.
Class D addresses were designed for multicasting .
Class E addresses were reserved for future use.

Note

In classful addressing, a large part of the


available addresses were wasted.

Default masks for classful addressing

CIDR - Classless Interdomain Routing

Note

Classful addressing, which is almost


obsolete, is replaced with classless
addressing.

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