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Introduction To SPSS

This document provides an introduction and overview of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. It covers the basic structure of SPSS, including the data editor window and output viewer window. It also demonstrates how to open and work with data files, perform descriptive statistics, create charts and graphs, and manipulate data through functions like selecting cases, computing new variables, recoding variables, and creating dummy variables. Other resources for learning SPSS are also listed.

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MmeKhadija Rhoulami EpChatir
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773 views23 pages

Introduction To SPSS

This document provides an introduction and overview of SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software. It covers the basic structure of SPSS, including the data editor window and output viewer window. It also demonstrates how to open and work with data files, perform descriptive statistics, create charts and graphs, and manipulate data through functions like selecting cases, computing new variables, recoding variables, and creating dummy variables. Other resources for learning SPSS are also listed.

Uploaded by

MmeKhadija Rhoulami EpChatir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to SPSS

(Version 16)

LINDSEY BREWER
CSSCR (CENTER FOR SOCIAL SCIENCE
COMPUTATION AND RESEARCH)
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
September 17, 2009

Topics we will cover today


SPSS at a glance
Basic Structure of SPSS
Cleaning your data

Descriptive Statistics
Charts
Data manipulation
Other Resources

SPSS at a glance
SPSS stands for Statistical Package for the Social

Sciences
SPSS was made to be easier to use then other

statistical software like S-Plus, R, or SAS.


The newest version of SPSS is SPSS 17.0. Today we

will be working on SPSS 16.0.

How to open SPSS


Go to START
Click on PROGRAMS
Click on SPSS INC
Click on SPSS 16.0
The computers in the CSSCR lab typically have SPSS on

the desktop. It is a red box that says SPSS on the top.

Opening a data file


Click on FILE OPEN DATA
Click MY COMPUTER LOCAL DISK C:/
Click PROGRAM FILES SPSS
Click TUTORIAL SAMPLE FILES
Select CATALOG.SAV

Basic structure of SPSS


There are two different windows in SPSS
1st Data Editor Window - shows data in two forms

Data view
Variable view

2nd Output viewer Window shows results of data

analysis

*You must save the data editor window and output viewer window

separately. Make sure to save both if you want to save your changes in
data or analysis.*

Data view vs. Variable view


Data view
Rows are cases
Columns are variables
Variable view
Rows define the variables

Name, Type, Width, Decimals, Label, Missing, etc.


Scale age, weight, income
Nominal categories that cannot be ranked (ID number)
Ordinal categories that can be ranked (level of satisfaction)

Cleaning your data missing data


There are two types of missing values in SPSS:

system-missing and user-defined.

System-missing data is assigned by SPSS when a

function cannot be performed.

For example,

dividing a
number by zero.
SPSS indicates
that a value is
system-missing
by one period in
the data cell.

Cleaning your data missing data


User-defined missing data are values that the researcher can tell SPSS

to recognize as missing. For example, 9999 is a common user-defined


missing value. To define a variables user-defined missing value

Look at your variables in VARIABLE VIEW


Find the column labeled MISSING
Find the variable that you would like to work

with.
Select that variables missing cell by clicking
on the gray box in the right corner.
click DISCRETE MISSING VALUES
enter 9999 to define this variables missing
value
A range can also be used if you only

want to use half of a scale.

Cleaning your data missing data cont.


When you have missing data in your data set, you

can fill in the missing data with surrounding


information so it does not affect your analysis.
click TRANSFORM
click REPLACE MISSING VALUES
select the variable with missing

values and move it to the right


using the arrow
SPSS will rename and create a new
variable with your filled in data.
click METHOD to select what type
of method you would like SPSS to
use when replacing missing values.
click OK and view your new data in
data view

Descriptive Statistics
Lets say we are interested in

learning more about the


number of customer service
representatives (service).

Click ANALYZE
Click DESCRIPTIVE

STATISTICS

Click FREQUENCIES
Choose service from the list.

Descriptive Statistics continued


Lets learn more about the number of

catalogs mailed (mail).

Click ANALYZE
Click DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Click DESCRIPTIVES
Move MAIL over with the arrow
Click OPTIONS we can choose which statistics we are interested in

looking at

We should remember that these descriptive statistics will not always

make sense for every variable. For example, we should not be asking
for the mean of nominal variables like gender or race.

Graphing Data
Click GRAPH
Click CHART BUILDER
Click HISTOGRAM
Put MEN on the X axis.
Click ELEMENT PROPERTIES. Check

the box labeled DISPLAY NORMAL


CURVE. This will impose a normal
curve onto your graph. You can also
change the style of your graph in this
element properties window.

You can copy and paste these graphs

into word and excel files.

Graphing Continued
There are other ways to make

graphs.
Click ANALYZE
Click DESCRIPTIVE

STATISTICS
Click FREQUENCIES
Click services
Click CHART
Click BAR CHART
Click PERCENTAGES

Data manipulation select cases


By selecting cases,

the researcher can


select only certain
cases for analysis
click DATA
click SELECT CASES
click RANDOM
SAMPLE OF CASES
select your
preferences

Data manipulation compute new variable


Computing new variables create a

new variable from multiple variables

click TRANSFORM
click COMPUTE
fill in the new target variable

TOTALSALES
fill in numeric expression =
men+women+jewel
create an IF statement by clicking on
the IF button
click INCLUDE IF CASE SATISFIES
CONDITION
enter condition MAIL>10000

This new variable TOTALSALES tells us what the total sales are for

catalogs which mailed over 10,000 catalogs.

Data manipulation in action!


Try creating another variable for

TOTALSALES2 for catalogs which mailed


under 10,000 catalogs.
Try comparing the descriptive statistics of

TOTALSALES and TOTALSALES2.


What did you find?

Data manipulation recode a variable


Recoding allows a researcher to create a new

variable with a different set of parameters


click TRANSFORM
click RECODE INTO DIFFERENT VARIABLE
move mail over to

the right

create a name for

the new variable


mailcategories

click OLD AND

NEW VALUES

Data manipulation recode a variable cont.

click RANGE

to create
ranges of old
values
click VALUE to
create a new
value for that
range

Data manipulation in action!


Try recoding another variable on your

own.
Try finding the descriptive statistics of

your new variable.

Data manipulation create a dummy variable


Dummy variables is a variable that has a value of

either 0 or 1 to show the absence or presence of some


categorical effect
To create a dummy

variable
click TRANSFORM
click RECODE INTO
DIFFERENT VARIABLE
click OLD AND NEW
VALUES
click RANGE to create
range of old values
click VALUE to set new
value to 0 or 1

What we have learned!


SPSS at a glance

Basic Structure of SPSS


Cleaning your data missing data
Descriptive Statistics frequencies,

descriptive statistics
Charts
Data manipulation select cases,
recoding, dummy variables

Other Resources
There are many resources online to help you learn

SPSS (tutorials, blogs, etc.)

CSSCR has a Quicktime SPSS class on its website


CSSCR offers SPSS handouts which are also on its

website

CSSCR offers classes on SPSS each quarter come

back for the SPSS Beyond the Basics class!

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