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Operators and Expressions

operators can be use in any program or you can say without operators a program is useless. it tells us how, where, and why these operators are to be used in a program.

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SwatiSuman
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51 views

Operators and Expressions

operators can be use in any program or you can say without operators a program is useless. it tells us how, where, and why these operators are to be used in a program.

Uploaded by

SwatiSuman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operators and Expressions

Expressions
Combination of Operators and Operands

Operators
Example

2*y+5
Operands

Operators
4 Types

Arithmetic

Logical

Relational

Bitwise

Arithmetic Expressions
Mathematical expressions can be expressed in C using
arithmetic operators
Examples
++i % 7
5 + (c = 3 + 8)
a * (b + c/d)22

Relational Operators
Used to
Test the relationship between two variables, or between a variable and a
constant

Relational Operators

Logical Operators
Logical operators are symbols that are used to combine or
negate expressions containing relational operators

Example: if (a>10) && (a<20)


Expressions that use logical operators return zero for false, and 1 for true

True table
Variable

Expression

A && B

A || B

!A

Bitwise Logical Operators


Processes data after converting number to its
binary equivalent. (Bit wise representation)
AND
( NUM1 & NUM2)

Return 1 if both the operands are 1

OR
( NUM1 | NUM2 )

Returns 1 if bits of either of the


operand are 1

NOT
( ~ NUM1)

Reverses the bits of its operand


( from 0 to 1 and 1 to 0)

XOR
Returns 1 if either of the bits in an
( NUM1 ^ NUM2) operand is 1 but not both

True table
bit

Expression

A&B

A|B

~A

A^B

Examples
Example
10 & 15 1010 & 11111010 10
10 | 15 1010 | 11111111 15
10 ^ 15 1010 ^ 11110101 5
~ 10 ~1010 1011 -11

Precedence Of Operators

Precedence establishes the hierarchy of one set of operators


over another when an arithmetic expression is to be evaluated

It refers to the order in which C evaluates operators


The precedence of the operators can be altered by enclosing
the expressions in parentheses

Operator Class

Operators

Associativity

Unary

- ++ --

Right to Left

Binary

Left to Right

Binary

*/%

Left to Right

Binary

+-

Left to Right

Binary

Right to Left

Precedence Of Operators-2

Precedence between comparison


Operators
Always evaluated from left to right

Precedence for Logical


Operators
Precedence

Operator

NOT

AND

OR

When multiple instances of a logical operator are used


in a condition, they are evaluated from right to left

Precedence for Logical


Operators-2
Consider the following expression
False OR True AND NOT False AND True
This condition gets evaluated as shown below:
False OR True AND [NOT False] AND True
NOT has the highest precedence.
False OR True AND [True AND True]
AND is the operator of the highest precedence and operators of the same
precedence are evaluated from right to left
False OR [True AND True]
[False OR True]
True

Precedence among
Operators-1
When an equation uses more than one type of operator then
the order of precedence has to be established with the
different types of operators

Precedence
1
2
3

Type of Operator
Arithmetic
Comparison
Logical

Precedence among
Operators-2
Consider the following example:
2*3+4/2 > 3 AND 3<5 OR 10<9
[2*3+4/2] > 3 AND 3<5 OR 10<9
[[2*3]+[4/2]] > 3 AND 3<5 OR 10<9
[6+2] >3 AND 3<5 OR 10<9
[8 >3] AND [3<5] OR [10<9]
True AND True OR False
[True AND True] OR False
True OR False
True

Changing Precedence-1
Parenthesis ( ) has the highest level of precedence
The precedence of operators can be modified using
parenthesis ( )
Operator of lower precedence with parenthesis
assume highest precedence and gets executed first
In case of nested Parenthesis ( ( ( ) ) ) the inner
most parenthesis gets evaluated first
An expression consisting of many set of parenthesis
gets processed from left to right

Changing Precedence-2
Consider the following example:

5+9*3^2-4 > 10 AND (2+2^4-8/4 > 6 OR (2<6 AND 10>11))

5+9*3^2-4
5+9*3^2-4
5+9*3^2-4
5+9*3^2-4
5+9*3^2-4
5+9*3^2-4
5+9*3^2-4
5+9*3^2-4

> 10 AND (2+2^4-8/4 > 6 OR (True AND False))


> 10 AND (2+2^4-8/4 > 6 OR False)
>10 AND (2+16-8/4 > 6 OR False)
> 10 AND (2+16-2 > 6 OR False)
> 10 AND (18-2 > 6 OR False)
> 10 AND (16 > 6 OR False)
> 10 AND (True OR False)
> 10 AND True

Changing Precedence-4
5+9*9-4>10 AND True
5+81-4>10 AND True
86-4>10 AND True
82>10 AND True
True AND True
True

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