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Overall Dimensions

This document discusses the design of transformers, including the selection of design constants, window dimensions, yoke design, and overall dimensions. Some key points covered include: - The flux density (Bm) is chosen based on the core material and service conditions, and impacts the core area and losses. Hot rolled silicon steel typically uses lower Bm than cold rolled. - The window space factor (Kw) depends on the kVA rating and voltage rating, and represents the ratio of copper area to total window area. - Yoke area is typically 1.15-1.25 times the limb cross sectional area. Yoke depth is equal to the width of the largest core stamping. - Overall transformer

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1K views16 pages

Overall Dimensions

This document discusses the design of transformers, including the selection of design constants, window dimensions, yoke design, and overall dimensions. Some key points covered include: - The flux density (Bm) is chosen based on the core material and service conditions, and impacts the core area and losses. Hot rolled silicon steel typically uses lower Bm than cold rolled. - The window space factor (Kw) depends on the kVA rating and voltage rating, and represents the ratio of copper area to total window area. - Yoke area is typically 1.15-1.25 times the limb cross sectional area. Yoke depth is equal to the width of the largest core stamping. - Overall transformer

Uploaded by

rajapeee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design of Transformers

D.Raja
AP/EEE/SMVEC
Puducherry

Design of Transformers

Selection of design constants


Window dimension
yoke design
overall dimension

SELECTION OF DESIGN CONSTANTS


Choice of flux density (Bm):

Bm = m
Ai

flux density decides area of cross section of


core & core loss

If Bm increases, Ai decreases
(1) Smaller core area
(2) Lesser cost,

(3) Reduction in length of mean turn windings.

Disadvantages:
Iron loss and higher temperature rise

Core will saturate.


Large magnetizing current which contain objectionable
Harmonics .

Choice of flux density depends on

1. Service condition (i.e. distribution or transmission)


2. Material used for the core
Hot rolled silicon steel.
Cold rolled silicon steel
Hot rolled Silicon Steel:
Bm = 1.1 to 1.4 wb/m^2 for distribution transformers
Bm = 1.2 to 1.5 wb/m^2 for power transformers
Cold rolled Silicon Steel:
Bm = 1.55 wb/m^2 (for transformers with voltage rating
upto 132 KV)
Bm = 1.6 wb/m^2 (132 KV to 275 KV)
Bm = 1.7 wb/m^2 (275 KV to 400 KV)

Choice of Window space factor (KW):


Kw =

Copper Area in window (Ac)


Total window Area (Aw)
(Amount of copper & insulation used will influence the
Kw value)
Choice of Kw depends on KVA rating & voltage rating
Kw is smaller for small transformers
Kw is larger for large transformers

Total window Area (AW) = Copper Area + Insulation area


+ Air or oil spaces.

Window Dimension

Total window Area, Aw = Hw x Ww


Kw = AC

Aw
Where,
Aw window height.
Ww - window width.
Narrow window,
Hw increases when windings are long and thin.
Distance between adjacent limbs and windings is less.

- Therefore leakage reactance reduces.

When Hw decreases, Ww increases and leakage reactance also


increases.

Usual value of Hw =2 to 4
Ww

YOKE DIMENSIONS

No winding comes over the yoke portion.

Yoke area, Ay=1.15 to 1.25 times of limb section.

Yoke may be rectangle or stepped.


For a rectangular yoke ,

Ay = Dy * Hy

Where,

Ay yoke area

Dy depth of yoke

Hy height of yoke.

Dy=a= depth of yoke

= Width of largest core stamping

Ay = 1.15 to 1.25 Agi

OVERALL DIMENSION OF A TRANSFORMER


SINGLE PHASE CORE TYPE TRANSFORMER
Hw height of window
Ww width of window
a width of largest
stamping (width of limb)
d diameter of
circumseribility circle.
D distance between core
centers.
Hy height of yoke
Dy depth of yoke
H overall height of
transformer frame
W overall width of
transformer frame.

OVERALL CORE DIMENSIONS


From the diagrams,
Single phase core type transformer

Distance between core center

D = Ww+d
Depth of yoke,

Dy = a
Frame height,

H = Hw+Hy+Hy

H = Hw+2Hy
Overall width,

W = D+a/2+a/2

W = D+a

OVERALL DIMENSION OF A TRANSFORMER


THREE PHASE CORE TYPE TRANSFORMER
Hw height of window
Ww width of window
a width of largest
stamping (width of limb)
d diameter of
circumseribility circle.
D distance between core
centers.
Hy height of yoke
Dy depth of yoke
H overall height of
transformer frame
W overall width of
transformer frame.

THREE PHASE CORE TYPE


TRANSFORMER

Distance between core centers,


D = Ww+d/2+d/2
D = Ww+d
Depth of yoke,
Dy = a
Overall height,
H = Hw+2Hy
Overall width,
W = 2D+a

OVERALL DIMENSION OF A TRANSFORMER


SINGLE PHASE SHELL TYPE TRANSFORMER
a- Width of outer limbs,
b depth of outer limbs
2a width of central limb.

Overall width,

W = 2Ww+2a+2a

W = 2Ww+4a
Overall height,

H = Hw+2Hy

H = Hw+2a
(since Hy = a)
Gross core area of central
limb = 2a*b

Choice of current density


If , Heating ,
= I
Ai

Ai d, l
Space for cooling part is large.

Permissible values of current density are,


For standard distribution & small power transformers
(Oil immersed, self cooled)
-

= 1.5 to 2.6 A/mm^2

For medium & large power transformers (oil cooled or Air


blast)
= 2.4 to 3.4 A/mm^2
For large power transformers
(Oil immersed with force circulation of oil or with water
cooling coils)

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