Network Software & OSI Model
Uploaded by
Saurabh GNetwork Software & OSI Model
Uploaded by
Saurabh GTopics Covered
Network Software
OSI Reference Model
Network Software
Basic activities :
• reliability (error correction, messages order preservation),
• flow control,
• addressing (to refer to users),
• connection and disconnection,
• routing.
Secondary activities :
• take the heterogeneity of the network into account,
• synchronization of the transmission,
• multiplexing- de multiplexing,
• error recovery,
• congestion control,
• failure management,
Layers, Protocols & Interfaces
Design issues for layers
• Identifying senders & receivers
• Rules of Data transfer
• Error control
• Sequencing
• Speed regulation
• Inability to process long messages
• Multiplexing
• Routing
Interfaces & services
Service Provider
Service User
Peer Entities
SAP-Service Access Point
IDU-Interface Data Unit
SDU-Service Data Unit
PDU-Protocol data Unit
ICI-Interface Control Information
Types of services
Connection-oriented services
Connectionless services
Service Primitives
Services/Protocols Relations
OSI Reference model
(7 layered )
• Principles
1. Different level of abstraction.
2. Well defined function.
3. Defining international standard protocols.
4. Minimum information flow across interfaces.
5. No. of layers.
Not a network Architecture
OSI Model
Medium/Channel
Physical Layer
• Transmitting raw bits over a communication
channel.
• Design issues :Mechanical
Electrical
Procedural
• Protocols: Fast Ethernet, RS232, and ATM
Data Link Layer
• Handles errors in the physical layer
• Frame boundaries: special bit patterns
• Problem of damaged, lost & duplicate frames.
• Speed matching
• Transmission in both directions
• Broadcast n/w s
Data Link layer
MAC LLC
Medium Access Layer Logical Link Layer
Network Layer
• Controlling the operation of the subnet.
• Switching & Routing: Virtual circuits
• Congestion control
• Heterogeneous networks
• Billing purpose
Transport Layer
(End to End layer)
• Insulates the upper layers
• Efficient transfer of data between layers.
• Establishing two types of connections:
network connections
transport connections
• Type of service to the service layer.
• Supports multiprogramming
• Flow control
Session Layer
• Establish the sessions.
• Dialogue control
• Token management
• Synchronization
Presentation Layer :compatibility problems
Application Layer: supports end user processes
Data Transmission
ENCAPSULATION
Criticism of the model
• It was not the right moment
• It was not the right technology
• It was not the right implementation
• It was not the right policy
