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Structural Analysis For Columns

1) Columns can fail due to buckling under compressive loads. The critical load that causes buckling is called the Euler or critical buckling load. 2) The Euler buckling load formula for a pin-ended column is given by the critical load formula PC=π2EIz/L2, where E is the modulus of elasticity, Iz is the minimum moment of inertia, and L is the column length. 3) Columns with different end support conditions have different critical load formulas. A pin-ended column has a lower critical buckling load than a column with fixed or built-in ends.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
86 views51 pages

Structural Analysis For Columns

1) Columns can fail due to buckling under compressive loads. The critical load that causes buckling is called the Euler or critical buckling load. 2) The Euler buckling load formula for a pin-ended column is given by the critical load formula PC=π2EIz/L2, where E is the modulus of elasticity, Iz is the minimum moment of inertia, and L is the column length. 3) Columns with different end support conditions have different critical load formulas. A pin-ended column has a lower critical buckling load than a column with fixed or built-in ends.

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tyo13
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COLUMNS

Mechanics of Material

Topics
Buckling and stability

Critical Load
Ideal Column with Pin Supports
Columns Having Various Supports

BUCKLING AND STABILITY

CRITICAL LOAD

Bars Under Axial Compression - Buckling


Euler, Leonard (1741)
For bars or columns under compressive loading, we may witness a sudden
failure, known as buckling.

This is a form of instability.

Consider load, P, plotted against


horizontal displacement, v.
Point of Bifurcation

Short, Thick

Long, Slender

Consider a long slender bar under axial compression:


y
v

P
y
x

P
L

Mxz=-P.v

From the Engineering Beam Theory:

d2 v
EI z 2 Mxz P v
dx
d2 v
EI z 2 P v 0
dx
Let

P

EI z
2

d2 v
2

v0
2
dx

Euler Equation

d
b

d2 v
2

v0
2
dx

General Solution:

Boundary Conditions:

v A Sinx B Cosx

(i) @ x=0

v0

(ii) @ x=L

v0
dv)
0
dx

(Also, (iii) @x=L/2,

0 A Sin 0 B Cos 0

From (i):

B0

v A Sinx
From (ii):

0 A SinL

If A=0, v=0 for all values of x

(i.e. The bar remains straight NO BUCKLING)


If A=0, then Sin L=0

L 0, , 2 , 3 , ...

The Lowest Real Value:


Since

P
2

EI z

PC
2
L
EIz

Where PC is the Critical or Euler Buckling Load.


For buckling (i.e. at point of bifurcation):
P

PC

L 2

2EI z
L2

(Iz is the smallest 2nd


Moment of Area)

P
v

L
P

Points of
Bifurcation

4 2EI z
PC
L2
PC

2EI z
L2

P
C C
A

Let

2 EI z
AL2

L
Iz
Let rz (Radius of Gyration)
, and S (Slenderness Ratio)
rz
A
2

2
L
S2 2
rz

S2

Unstable

Yield

Short,
Thick

2 E

Empirical
Euler Stress
Material
Yielded

Long,
Slender

Stable
S

End Constraints:

Free or Pinned Ends


P

PC

L
L/2

2 EI z
L2

Fixed Ends

P
L
2L

4 2 EI z
PC
L2
One End Free
& One End Fixed

P
L

P
L

4L2

One End Pinned


& One End Fixed

2L

PC

2 EI z

22 EI z
PC
L2

Example: Find the shortest length L of a Pin-Ended strut, having a


cross-section of 60mm x 100mm for which the Euler
Equation applies. Assume E=200 Gpa and Yield=250 MPa

Euler Eqn.,
Iz

Min. value,

i.e. Iz

Yd

100 60

12

AL2
1.8 10 6 mm4

2 200 109 1.8 106

250 10 0.1 0.06


6

Euler
Theory

=250 MPa

2 EI z

Note:

90

L
rz

1.54 m

Iz
& r
A
2
z

1.54
1.8 10
0.1 0.06

90

COLUMN WITH PIN


SUPPORT

COLUMN HAVING VARIOUS


TYPE OF SUPPORT

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