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    A Reliable, Efficient & Affordable Solution: Showcasing State-Of-Art Gasification Systems FOR Rural Electrification

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    Saiteja Chinta
    This document discusses rural electrification through biomass gasification systems. It summarizes that: 1) Existing photovoltaic (PV) power packs for rural electrification have high upfront costs, provide unreliable power, and require battery storage that needs replacement. 2) Biomass gasification systems developed by Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies provide grid-quality power on demand at a village level without batteries at a much lower life-cycle cost than PV power packs. 3) Case studies of biomass gasification plants installed in islands and remote villages show they can reliably meet local electricity needs using only local biomass resources.

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    A Reliable, Efficient & Affordable Solution: Showcasing State-Of-Art Gasification Systems FOR Rural Electrification

    Uploaded by

    Saiteja Chinta
    33 views26 pages
    This document discusses rural electrification through biomass gasification systems. It summarizes that: 1) Existing photovoltaic (PV) power packs for rural electrification have high upfront costs, provide unreliable power, and require battery storage that needs replacement. 2) Biomass gasification systems developed by Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies provide grid-quality power on demand at a village level without batteries at a much lower life-cycle cost than PV power packs. 3) Case studies of biomass gasification plants installed in islands and remote villages show they can reliably meet local electricity needs using only local biomass resources.

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    Gasification

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    This document discusses rural electrification through biomass gasification systems. It summarizes that: 1) Existing photovoltaic (PV) power packs for rural electrification have high upfront costs, provide unreliable power, and require battery storage that needs replacement. 2) Biomass gasification systems developed by Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies provide grid-quality power on demand at a village level without batteries at a much lower life-cycle cost than PV power packs. 3) Case studies of biomass gasification plants installed in islands and remote villages show they can reliably meet local electricity needs using only local biomass resources.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views26 pages

    A Reliable, Efficient & Affordable Solution: Showcasing State-Of-Art Gasification Systems FOR Rural Electrification

    Uploaded by

    Saiteja Chinta
    This document discusses rural electrification through biomass gasification systems. It summarizes that: 1) Existing photovoltaic (PV) power packs for rural electrification have high upfront costs, provide unreliable power, and require battery storage that needs replacement. 2) Biomass gasification systems developed by Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies provide grid-quality power on demand at a village level without batteries at a much lower life-cycle cost than PV power packs. 3) Case studies of biomass gasification plants installed in islands and remote villages show they can reliably meet local electricity needs using only local biomass resources.

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    of 26

    SHOWCASING STATE-OF-ART

    GASIFICATION SYSTEMS
    FOR
    RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

    A Reliable, Efficient &


    Affordable Solution
    By

    Dr. B. C. Jain
    Managing Director

    Ankur Scientific Energy Technologies Pvt. Ltd.,


    Ankur, Near Old Sama Jakat Naka, Baroda 390 008, India
    (:0265 2793098/2794021 v Fax: 2794042

    August 27, 2003

    ROLE OF RENEWABLE
    v

    Specifically being considered for most


    difficult locations (forest villages, hilly
    terrains, very remote locations, islands,
    scattered households etc.)
    Loads and PLFs are likely to be very
    low
    Renewables will generally require lower
    investments for such sites
    Reliance will be on local resources. Also
    the entire strategy will be environment
    friendly
    If properly planned and implemented, it
    could lead to empowerment of local
    population and possible economic
    development

    SPECIFIC RENEWABLES
    v

    Major reliance is being placed on three


    options
    Micro hydel
    Solar PV
    Biomass Gasification

    Wherever water resource is available,


    micro hydel is idea choice
    Wherever the village consists of a
    small number of scattered households,
    solar home lighting system are the
    natural choice
    Wherever no biomass is available
    (desert areas etc); once again, solar PV
    system are the only choice
    However, a vast majority of location will
    have both biomass and solar radiation
    and hence require intelligent selection

    RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
    THROUGH RENEWABLES
    The Current Scenario
    v

    Non-Conventional Wisdom assumes


    that photovoltaic home lighting systems
    and PV power packs (510 kWe) are the
    only viable solutions for electrification
    of small villages/communities
    While home lighting systems are a
    logical choice for scattered households
    or for households on difficult terrains
    (i.e. scattered individual homes on hills
    or in forests), PV power packs still
    require distribution lines
    Investments are very large and yet, the
    power delivery is not of grid quality or
    on demand
    Storage batteries are a necessary evil
    (requiring replacement after a few
    years)

    THE CHALLENGE
    So the challenge was to come up
    with an alternative solution that
    would,

    Provide Grid Quality power


    even at a few kW level
    v Provide power on-demand
    v Require No Storage
    v Be Efficient & Reliable
    v Be Affordable
    v Depend
    totally on local
    resources
    v Could
    be operated and
    managed by local people
    v

    THE OPTION OF
    BIOMASS GASIFICATION
    While biomass gasification based power
    generation always had the promise, it
    suffered from the following drawbacks:
    v

    v
    v

    Systems were in dual-fuel mode,


    requiring some amount of diesel
    Small rating systems were not very userfriendly
    Biomass preparation (sizing) was seen to
    be hasslesome for small power needs
    Systems were not packaged well
    Operation & Maintenance by local
    people was not assured/built into the
    system

    All of this has indeed


    changed in the recent past!

    Case Study- I Dual Fuel, Large Systems

    `ANKUR BIOMASS BASED POWER PLANT


    FOR ISLAND ELECTRIFICATION

    BASED ON THE UNQUALIFIED SUCCESS OF THE FIRST,


    A SECOND PROJECT INSTALLED IN NEARBY ISLAND

    Case Study- II Dual Fuel, Large Systems

    `ANKUR BIOMASS BASED POWER PLANT


    FOR ISLAND ELECTRIFICATION

    BASED ON THE UNQUALIFIED SUCCESS OF THE FIRST TWO


    PROJECTS, NOT ONLY ADDITIONAL PROJECTS ARE
    PLANNED BUT THERE IS ALSO A POLICY DECISION TO
    ELECTRIFY THE ENTIRE SUNDARBANS AREA USING SOLAR
    PHOTO VOLTAICS AND BIOMASS GASIFIERS. OBVIOUSLY,
    INSTALLELD CAPACITY IS ALREADY MUCH HIGHER
    THROUGH GASIFIERS AND A MUCH LARGER NUMBER OF
    CUSTOMERS ARE BEING SERVED AT A MUCH LOWER COST.

    100% PRODUCER GAS SYSTEMS


    HIGHER RATINGS
    (30 kWe and more)
    Developed through a collaborative
    R&D project jointly funded by
    MNES (Govt. of India) and Ankur
    Scientific, the systems have a number
    of outstanding features:
    v

    Excellent variable load capability


    (with 3:1 turndown)
    Ideally suited power range for rural
    electrification as well as captive
    power for small industries
    Specific wood/biomass consumption
    of only 1.2 to 1.6 kg/kWhr
    HENCE, COST OF GENERATION

    OF Rs. 1 to 2 ONLY

    Case Study - 100% Producer Gas Systems

    `ANKUR BIOMASS BASED POWER PLANT


    FOR ISLAND ELECTRIFICATION

    This is a pilot installation and is likely to lead to a


    large number of similar Biomass based Power
    Plants throughout Sri Lanka

    100% PRODUCER GAS SYSTEMS


    SMALL RATINGS
    (4 kWe to 10 kWe)
    Totally funded internally out of strong
    conviction, the system have following
    additional features:
    v

    Built-in start-up (No external


    power source/fuel needed)
    Specially designed motorised
    cutter
    Reasonable variable load
    capability.
    Optional battery start (in place of
    manual cranking of engine)

    We strongly believe remote/rural areas,


    island communities etc. deserve the best
    of technology without compromises!!!

    v
    v

    Demonstration
    Initiating the uninitiated

    Hands-On
    Training
    Convincing the
    skeptic

    A New Vision with total


    Conviction & Commitment

    An Overview of the Small


    Rating Demo Area
    A total of seven system covering thermal
    application, irrigation pumping & power
    generation in both Dual Fuel & !00%
    Producer Gas Modes

    A Close-up of Irrigation
    Pumping System Aesthetic
    & Ergonomically Designed
    Package

    Thermal Applications An
    Industrial burner & two domestic
    burners being operated on the
    gasifier system

    Generating Power at Village


    Level Dual Fuel Mode
    (Output Rating : 5 kW)

    Generating Power at village


    Level Dual Fuel Mode
    (Output Rating : 15 kW)

    100% Producer Gas Systems


    Ultimate Solution for Self Reliance based on Local
    Resources
    Output 4 kW
    (Next Rating ~ 8 to 10 kW)

    Rural Electrification for Larger


    Villages, Island Communities the
    100% Producer Gas Way GAS
    Power Pack - 40
    (Output Rating : 40 kWe)

    PV POWER PACKS &


    PRODUCER GAS POWER PACKS
    A COMPARISON
    Take a 8 - 10 kW Power pack
    PV Pack

    Gas Pack

    Initial Investment

    More than
    Rs. 30 lacs

    An order of
    magnitude lower @ Rs 3 lacs

    Availability of
    power

    4 6 hours daily

    24 hours on
    demand

    Maximum number 50 60 kWhrs


    of units that can be
    generated daily
    v

    200 240 kWhrs

    In effect, for each kWhr generated, the initial


    investment could be FORTY times lower!
    In addition, the total mismatch between the
    demand and the source requires expensive,
    battery storage while Producer Gas Power Plant
    can be run on demand and needs no storage!!

    Is There a Comparison?

    FREE PV POWER
    VS. COST OF BIOMASS
    A FALLACY
    v

    For a 10 kW power pack with equivalent


    energy
    delivery,
    daily
    biomass
    requirement may not exceed 80 kg!
    Whatever price is paid for such biomass
    really remains within the community as
    the resource is local! There is therefore
    no cost to the community for the
    resource. As a matter of fact, there is a
    high probability that this money really
    goes to the have-nots who could gather
    twigs/branches/firewood for the plant!!
    Analysis suggests that the cost of battery
    replacement is generally higher than the
    cost of biomass used over battery life for
    equivalent energy output. And this
    money flows out of the community!!!

    MOVING AHEAD
    vCategorizing and prioritizing target
    groups
    vFormulating a pilot project covering
    at least five villages in a cluster
    vState nodal agency keen on such
    biomass based pilot project, with
    ability to facilitate matters
    vPreparation of a complete project
    document in a month, identifying
    alternative operational strategies,
    likely constraints, viability issues
    vFunding for such quick pilot project
    documents
    vSubsequent decision making
    SNAs? REST? Ministry of Power?

    RURAL ENERGY SERVICE


    PROVIDERS (RESPs?) PERSPECTIVE
    vBusinessmen / Entrepreneurs and not
    philanthropists
    vLimited resources, limited risk-taking
    ability
    vLimited ability to flight red tape would
    rather focus on business basics
    vAbility to repay loans and make
    reasonable profits (No NPA approach!)
    vSunk investments (like distribution, civil
    works) might be seen as liabilities with
    almost no resale value
    IN A NUTSHELL,

    v Can work hard


    v Can manage, operate and
    power/energy supply
    v Need a viable, profit-making,
    implement project

    maintain
    easy

    to

    INDICATIVE PROJECT
    PROFILES & VIABILITY ISSUES

    Policy Implications
    Village size

    : 30-40 households

    Load Profile

    : Mainly lighting & fans and a few streetlights

    System Proposed

    : GAS-4; net power of 3.5 kW in 100% gas


    mode
    (Rs. In Lakhs)

    Financials

    : Basic

    1.70

    Add: transport, taxes, duties :

    0.30

    Site specific civil works

    0.40

    Misc. & Contingencies

    0.30

    Sub Total

    2.70

    (DISTRIBUTION COSTS NOT CONSIDERED)


    Loan Installment

    (15 years; no interest)


    Rs.1500/month

    O&M Expenses

    Miscellaneous

    So, monthly cash


    outflow

    Rs.1200/month
    Rs. 300/month
    Rs.3000

    Hence, even if the charges are of the order of


    Rs.100/HH/month, there is hardly any income for RESP!

    What is the way out? Capital Subsidy???

    INDICATIVE PROJECT
    PROFILES & VIABILITY ISSUES

    Policy Implications
    Village size

    : Upto 200 households

    Load Profile

    : Mainly lighting & fans, a few streetlights


    and provisions for commercial loads

    System Proposed

    : GAS-40; net power of 30-35 kW in 100% gas


    mode
    (Rs. In Lakhs)

    Financials

    : Basic

    15.32

    Add: transport, taxes, duties :

    0.50

    Site specific civil works

    1.50

    Misc. & Contingencies

    2.00

    Sub Total

    19.32

    (DISTRIBUTION COSTS NOT CONSIDERED)


    Loan Installment

    : (15 years; no interest)


    Rs.10,750/month

    O&M Expenses

    Rs.9,650/month

    Miscellaneous

    Rs. 2,000/month

    So, monthly cash flow

    Rs. 25,000

    Hence, if the domestic charges are of the order of


    Rs.100/HH/month and income through commercial sales is
    atleast Rs. 10,00, RESP can have an income of Rs 5,000/month

    May be, a small Capital Subsidy???

    ISSUES FOR REST MISSION


    v To underwrite marketing and entrepreneur
    identification and development (training)
    costs
    v To set up a system for approving RESPs
    involving
    local
    banks
    and
    technology/solution
    providers;
    to
    recognise them as such (i.e. Approved
    RESPs)
    v To arrange long-term, interest free loans to
    identified/approved/qualified RESPs.
    v To
    transfer
    existing
    distribution
    infrastructure to RESPs at no cost
    v Issues of land allotment (where needed),
    right-of-way for distribution and freedom in
    fixation of tariffs/charges.
    v Underwriting
    (additional)
    costs
    of
    distribution and civil works (sunk costs)
    v To provide outright grant to bridge the gap
    in terms of viability.

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