Scribd
Upload
175 views20 pages

8-4 Properties of Logarithms Lecture

This document discusses properties of logarithms. It will cover expanding logarithms using the product, quotient, and power rules, as well as simplifying (condensing) sums and differences of logarithms. The product rule states that the logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms. The quotient rule states that the logarithm of a quotient is the difference of the logarithms. And the power rule allows "pulling" the exponent outside the logarithm. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these rules to expand and simplify logarithmic expressions.

Uploaded by

Francesca Penaranda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
175 views20 pages

8-4 Properties of Logarithms Lecture

This document discusses properties of logarithms. It will cover expanding logarithms using the product, quotient, and power rules, as well as simplifying (condensing) sums and differences of logarithms. The product rule states that the logarithm of a product is the sum of the logarithms. The quotient rule states that the logarithm of a quotient is the difference of the logarithms. And the power rule allows "pulling" the exponent outside the logarithm. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these rules to expand and simplify logarithmic expressions.

Uploaded by

Francesca Penaranda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Properties of

Logarithms
During this lesson, you will:
Expand the logarithm of a product,
quotient, or power
Simplify (condense) a sum or difference
of logarithms

Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

Part 1: Expanding
Logarithms

Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

PROPERTY: The Product Rule (Property)

The Product Rule


Let M, N, and b be any positive numbers, such
that b 1.

log b (M N ) = log b M+ log b N


The logarithm of a product is the sum of the
logarithms.
Connection: When we multiply exponents with a
common base, we add the exponents.

Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

Example Expanding a Logarithmic


Expression Using Product Rule
is

log (4x) = log 4 + log x


The logarithm of
a product

The sum of the


logarithms.

Use the product rule to expand:


a.log4 ( 7 9) =log
_______________
4 ( 7) + log 4(9)
log ( 10) + log (x)
b. log ( 10x) = ________________
Mrs. McConaughy
Honors
Algebra
2 (x)
1
+
log
= ________________

Property: The Quotient


Rule (Property)

The Quotient Rule


Let M, N, and b be any positive
numbers, such that b 1.
log b (M / N ) = log b M - log b N
The logarithm of a quotient is the
difference of the logarithms.
Connection: When we divide exponents with a
common base, we subtract the exponents.

Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

Example Expanding a Logarithmic


Expression Using Quotient Rule
is

log (x/2) = log x - log 2


The logarithm of
a quotient

The difference of
the logarithms.

Use the quotient rule to expand:

log7 ( 14) - log 7(x)


a.log7 ( 14 /x) = ______________
log ( 100) - log (x)
b. log ( 100/x) = ______________
Mrs. McConaughy
Honors
Algebra
2
2
log
(x)
= ______________

PROPERTY: The Power Rule


(Property)
The Power Rule
Let M, N, and b be any positive numbers, such
that b 1.

log

Mx = x log

When we use the power rule to pull the


exponent to the front, we say we are
expanding
_________ the logarithmic expression.
Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

Example Expanding a Logarithmic


Expression Using Power Rule

Use the power rule to expand:


4log5 7
a.log5 74= _______________
log x 1/2
b. log x = ________________
1/2 log x
= ________________

Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

Summary: Properties for

Expanding Logarithmic Expressions


Properties of
Logarithms
Product Rule:

Let M, N, and b be any positive


numbers, such that b 1.

log b (M N ) = log b M+ log b N

Quotient Rule: log


Power Rule:

(M / N ) = log b M - log b N

log b Mx = x log b M

NOTE: In all Honors


cases,
M > 0 and N >0.
Algebra 2

Mrs. McConaughy

Check Point: Expanding


Logarithmic Expressions

Use logarithmic properties to expand


each expression:
a. logb x2y
b. log6 3x
4
36y
log b x2 + logb y1/2
log 6 x1/3 - log636y4
2log b x + logb y
log 6 x1/3 - (log636 + log6y4)
1/3log 6 x - log636 - 4log6y
Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

10

NOTE:
YouPoint:
are expanding
, not condensing
Check
Expanding
Logs
(simplifying) these logs.

Expand:
log
log

= log

3xy2

26(xy)2 = log
= 6log

Mrs. McConaughy

8
8

3 + log
26 + log

x + 2log

x2 + log

2
y
8

2 + 2log

Honors Algebra 2

x + 2log

8
11

Part 2: Condensing

(Simplifying) Logarithms

Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

12

Part 2: Condensing
(Simplifying) Logarithms
To condense a logarithm, we write
the sum or difference of two or
more logarithms as single
expression.

NOTE: You will be using


properties of logarithms to do
so.
Mrs. McConaughy
Honors Algebra 2

13

Properties for Condensing Logarithmic


Expressions (Working Backwards)
Properties of
Logarithms
Product Rule:

Let M, N, and b be any positive


numbers, such that b 1.

log b M+ log b N = log b (M N)

Quotient Rule: log


Power Rule:

Mrs. McConaughy

M - log b N = log b (M /N)

x log b M = log b Mx
Honors Algebra 2

14

Example Condensing Logarithmic


Expressions
Write as a single logarithm:
a. log4 2 + log 4 32 = log 4 64
= 3
(4x 3)
log
a. log (4x - 3) log x =
x

Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

15

NOTE: Coefficients of logarithms must be 1


before you condense them using the product
and quotient rules.
Write as a single
logarithm:
a.

= log x + log (x-1)4


log x + 4 log (x-1) = log x (x-1)4

= log (x + 7)3 log x


b. 3 log (x + 7) log x
= log (x + 7)3
x
c. 2 log x + log (x + 1) = log x2 + log (x + 1)
= log x2 (x + 1)
Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

16

Check Point: Simplifying


(Condensing) Logarithms

a.log

20 - log

b. 3 log

x + log

4 =log
2

(20/4) = log

y = log

x 3y

c. 3log 2 + log 4 log 16 =


log 23 + log 4 log 16 = log 32/16 =log 2

Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

17

Sometimes,
it
is
necessary
to
use
Example 1 Identifying the
more than one property of logs when
of Logarithms
youProperties
expand/condense
an expression.

State the property or properties


used to rewrite each expression:

Quotient Rule (Property)


Property:____________________________
log 2 8 - log 2 4 = log 2 8/4 = log 2 2 = 1
Product Rule/Power Rule
Property:____________________________

log

x3 y =

log

x3 + log

7 = 3log

x + log

Product Rule (Property)


Property:____________________________
log 5 2 + log 5 6 = log 512
Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

18

Example Demonstrating Properties


of Logs
Use log 10 2 0.031 and log
approximate the following:

10

a. log

10

2/3

b. log

10

3 0.477 to

c. log

10

log10 2 log10 3
0.031 0.477
0.031 0.477
0.466
Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

19

Homework Assignment:
Properties of Logs

Mrs. McConaughy

Honors Algebra 2

20

You might also like