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    Linear Programme Instruction

    Uploaded by

    Madiha Athar
    linear programme instruction is based on the theory of "operant conditioning" given by B. F. Skinner in 1954.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Linear Programme Instruction

    Uploaded by

    Madiha Athar
    634 views17 pages
    linear programme instruction is based on the theory of "operant conditioning" given by B. F. Skinner in 1954.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    linear programme instruction is based on the theory of "operant conditioning" given by B. F. Skinner in 1954.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    634 views17 pages

    Linear Programme Instruction

    Uploaded by

    Madiha Athar
    linear programme instruction is based on the theory of "operant conditioning" given by B. F. Skinner in 1954.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION

    According to Susan Markle ;


    It is a method of designing a reproducible sequence of instructional events
    to produce a measurable &
    consistent effect on behaviour of each & every acceptable student.

    Linear
    Programme
    Instruction

    Branching
    Programme
    Instruction

    Programmed
    Instruction

    Mathetics
    Programme
    Instruction

    The principle of Linear Programmed Instruction is


    based on the theory of Operant Conditioning .
    The theory of Operant Conditiong was given by
    Prof. Barhuss Fredrick Skinner in 1954 .

    (1904 1990)

    The application of Operant Conditioning Model of


    Teaching is known as Linear Programming or
    Skinnerian Programming

    According to this principle, desirable terminal


    behaviour could be attained by providing
    appropriate reinforcement to the right action of
    the learner

    PROCEDURE
    Linear programme including instructional material
    & syllabus, divided into small units called frames.
    Frames are brought in front of the learner, he is
    expected to respond to these frames.
    Immediately informed when gave right response.
    Gets reinforcement for the right response & motivated
    to learn about next frame.

    Reaches from entering behaviour to terminal


    behaviour.
    Entering
    Behaviour

    frame 1

    frame 2

    frame 3

    Learning Path

    The response for the first stimulus will work as


    stimulus for next response.

    S R SR S R S R S
    S- stimulus

    R- response

    Terminal
    Behaviour

    Answer of any frame should not be wrong.


    Control error rate and gain positive reinforcement.

    If error occurs, the learner has to go through the


    whole syllabus again to proceed further.

    NEED OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING


    Individual differences.
    Students learn better by doing.

    Text books dont provide reinforcement.


    Teaching strategies doesnt provide opportunity
    to check his responses.

    STRUCTURE OF LINEAR PROGRAMME

    Stimulus

    Response

    Reinforcement

    Stimulus - independent variable. Additional stimulus


    is used to create desired response
    Response - dependent variable. It depends on the
    stimulus. New knowledge is gained by learner after
    correct response.
    Reinforcement this is given externally &internally
    both. Learner gets motivated after giving right
    response internally. Here, internal factors are hunger,
    thirst, tiredness etc. which are conquered by the
    Learner.

    TYPES

    OF

    LINEAR PROGRAMMING FRAMES

    Introductory Frames - Its main function is to relate


    entering behaviour to terminal behaviour.
    Teaching Frames - Main purpose is to impart new
    knowledge or to terminate desirable new behaviour.
    Practice Frames - Its purpose is to practice acquired new behaviour through
    teaching frames.
    Testing Frames Its main focus is to assess that how much the student have
    learnt.

    STRUCTURE

    OF

    FRAMES

    In this the student check his response for a frame


    by the given answer, this answer is given to him in the
    next frame.

    In this way the response of one frame works as


    stimulus for the next frame, likewise, a series is formed.
    That is why it is called Linear Programme.

    CHARACTERISTICS

    OF

    LINEAR PROGRAMME

    Printing program is neat &clean & mistakes free.

    Programme is accompanied with self explained set


    of instructions.
    Provides clear understanding of concepts.
    Controls the individual differences of the learners.
    Provides reinforcement to the learner to go through
    the material attentively.

    Provides learning by doing situation.


    Difficult concepts can be taught effectively.
    Designed in logical sequence of content structure.

    LIMITATIONS

    OF

    LINEAR PROGRAMMING

    Every learner has to follow same linear path.


    Psychomotor & affective objectives cant be realised.
    It generates controlled learning situation.
    Does not suit to creative or bright student.

    Difficult &time consuming process.


    Does not provide social motivation to the learner.

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