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    Cell Communication: Premedical Biology

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    ron971
    The plasma membrane controls traffic into and out of cells through selective permeability. It is a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins. Membrane proteins are either embedded in or attached to the phospholipid bilayer and help determine the membrane's functions. The fluidity of the membrane allows components to move within the plane of the bilayer. Cell communication involves signal reception, transduction, and response. Signals are transmitted through direct cell contact, local signaling between nearby cells, or long-distance hormones. Signal transduction pathways involve cascades that amplify signals and allow for regulation.

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    Cell Communication: Premedical Biology

    Uploaded by

    ron971
    62 views26 pages
    The plasma membrane controls traffic into and out of cells through selective permeability. It is a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins. Membrane proteins are either embedded in or attached to the phospholipid bilayer and help determine the membrane's functions. The fluidity of the membrane allows components to move within the plane of the bilayer. Cell communication involves signal reception, transduction, and response. Signals are transmitted through direct cell contact, local signaling between nearby cells, or long-distance hormones. Signal transduction pathways involve cascades that amplify signals and allow for regulation.

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    Powerpoint on Cell junctions

    Original Title

    Cell Communication

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    The plasma membrane controls traffic into and out of cells through selective permeability. It is a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins. Membrane proteins are either embedded in or attached to the phospholipid bilayer and help determine the membrane's functions. The fluidity of the membrane allows components to move within the plane of the bilayer. Cell communication involves signal reception, transduction, and response. Signals are transmitted through direct cell contact, local signaling between nearby cells, or long-distance hormones. Signal transduction pathways involve cascades that amplify signals and allow for regulation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    62 views26 pages

    Cell Communication: Premedical Biology

    Uploaded by

    ron971
    The plasma membrane controls traffic into and out of cells through selective permeability. It is a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins. Membrane proteins are either embedded in or attached to the phospholipid bilayer and help determine the membrane's functions. The fluidity of the membrane allows components to move within the plane of the bilayer. Cell communication involves signal reception, transduction, and response. Signals are transmitted through direct cell contact, local signaling between nearby cells, or long-distance hormones. Signal transduction pathways involve cascades that amplify signals and allow for regulation.

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    of 26

    Cell communication

    Premedical biology

    The plasma membrane


    fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins - consists a
    double layer of phospholipids and other lipids,
    proteins

    controls traffic into and out of the cell it


    surrounds

    selective permeability - allows sufficient passage


    of oxygen a nutrients, elimination of wastes

    membrane
    phospholipids are
    amphipatic molecule

    proteins are embeded or


    attached to surface

    The fluidity

    - drift in the plane of the membrane

    - switch from one phospholipid layer to the


    other
    - protein move slowly

    - unsaturated hydrocarbons remain fluid


    - cholesterol (animal cells) reduces membrane
    fluidity; helps stabilize the membrane

    Proteins
    determine most of the membranes specific functions
    Integral proteins transmembrane proteins

    Peripheral proteins are not embeded in the lipid bilayer

    Intracellular junctions
    Cell walls perforated with channels called plasmodesma
    In animals are intracellular junctions.

    Tight junction

    Desmosomes
    Gap junctions

    Adhere, interact
    and communicate

    Carbohydrates
    Cell-cell recognition sorting cell into tissues and organs
    in embryo

    - rejection of foreign cells by the immune system


    - usually short branched oligosaccharides
    - covalently bonded

    to proteins

    Cell surfaces
    Plant cells (some protist, prokaryotes, fungi) encased
    by cell walls

    the extracellular matrix - ECM

    Glycoproteins :

    Colagen fibers embedded in network of proteoglycans


    fibronectins bind to receptor
    protein called integrins are built
    into plasma membrane
    and bind to microflaments
    on cytoplasmatic side

    Cell communication
    Cell respond to external signals
    A signaling molecule binds to a receptor
    protein, causing to change shape

    transduction: cascades of molecular


    interactions
    Response: signaling lleads to regulation of
    transcription or cytoplasmatic activities
    signal transduction pathways

    Signal transduction pathways

    Cell communication
    Direct contact between membrane-bound cell-surface
    molecules cell junctions
    - cell-cell recognition
    Embryo development, immune response

    Local regulators - paracrine signaling

    Synaptic signaling - animal nervous system


    Long distance signaling chemicals called
    hormones

    Local and long-distance signaling

    Cell signaling
    1. Reception: target cells detection of a
    signaling molecule coming from outside
    2. Transduction: change of the receptor protein
    initiating process of cellular response
    3. Response: cellular activity: catalysis,

    rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, activation


    of genes

    Reception
    Signaling molecule - ligand

    Change of shape activation and ability to transfer


    of signal

    G protein coupled receptors / inhibitory or activity


    Receptor tyrosine kinases enzymatic activity,
    catalyse transfer of phosphate groups
    Ion channel receptors gate open or close

    Intracellular receptors for steroid and thyroid


    hormones, nitric oxide

    Transduction
    Multistep pathway of activation of proteins by

    addition or removal of phosphate groups or other


    small molecules or ions that act as messegers
    greatly amplifying a signal
    Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins
    system acts as a molecular switch
    Protein kinase / transfer phosphate groups from ATP
    to protein

    A phosphorylation cascade

    Small moleculer and ions as


    second messengers
    Nonprotein molecule, can readily spread by
    diffusion cAMP and
    calcium ions
    Protein are sensitive to
    the cytosolic concentration
    of one or other

    Calcium ions and Inositol Triphosphate


    Neurotransmitters, growth factors, hormones induce
    cells responses via signal transduction pathways
    that increase the concentration of calcium ions
    Muscle contraction, secretion of substances, cell
    division
    Second messengers: inositol triphosphate and
    diacylgylcerol

    Response
    Regulation of transcrption or cytoplasmic activities
    The end of pathway may occur in the nucleus
    or in the cytoplasm

    Regulation of synthesis / a transcription factors


    Regulate the activity or synthesis

    Nuclear
    response to
    a signal

    Cytoplasmic
    response to a
    signal

    Multiple steps of signal transduction


    amplify the signal, in each step the number of
    activated products is much greater
    provide different points at which response can

    be regulated
    Specifity of cell signaling and coordination

    Thank you for your attention


    Campbell, Neil A., Reece, Jane B., Cain Michael L.,
    Jackson, Robert B., Minorsky, Peter V., Biology, BenjaminCummings Publishing Company, 1996 2010.

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