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Ch12 Multiple Integrals

This document provides an overview of the topics covered in Chapter 12 of Essential Calculus. Chapter 12 covers multiple integrals, which are used to find volumes, masses, centers of mass, and other properties of solid objects. The chapter includes double integrals over rectangles and general regions, double integrals in polar coordinates, triple integrals, triple integrals in cylindrical and spherical coordinates, and change of variables in multiple integrals. Formulas are provided for evaluating double and triple integrals using rectangular, polar, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems.

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362 views59 pages

Ch12 Multiple Integrals

This document provides an overview of the topics covered in Chapter 12 of Essential Calculus. Chapter 12 covers multiple integrals, which are used to find volumes, masses, centers of mass, and other properties of solid objects. The chapter includes double integrals over rectangles and general regions, double integrals in polar coordinates, triple integrals, triple integrals in cylindrical and spherical coordinates, and change of variables in multiple integrals. Formulas are provided for evaluating double and triple integrals using rectangular, polar, cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems.

Uploaded by

ujjwal2110
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ESSENTIAL

CALCULUS

CH12 Multiple
integrals

In this Chapter:
12.1 Double Integrals over Rectangles
12.2 Double Integrals over General Regions
12.3 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
12.4 Applications of Double Integrals

12.5 Triple Integrals


12.6 Triple Integrals in Cylindrical Coordinates
12.7 Triple Integrals in Spherical Coordinates

12.8 Change of Variables in Multiple Integrals


Review

Chapter 12, 12.1, P665

s {(x, y, z) R3 0 z f ( x, y), ( x, y) R}
(See Figure 2.) Our goal is to find
the volume of S.

Chapter 12, 12.1, P667

Chapter 12, 12.1, P667

5. DEFINITION The double integral of f over


the rectangle R is

f ( x, y)dA
R

m axxi , yi 0

if this limit exists.

Chapter 12, 12.1, P667

lim

f ( xi j, yi j )A
i 1 j 1

ij

f ( x, y)dA
R

Chapter 12, 12.1, P668

lim

m , n

f ( x , y )A
i 1 j 1

If f (x, y) 0, then the volume V of the solid that


lies above the rectangle R and below the surface
z=f (x, y) is

v f ( x, y)dA
R

Chapter 12, 12.1, P668

MIDPOINT RULE FOR DOUBLE INTEGRALS


m

f ( x, y)dA f ( x , y )A
R

i 1 j 1

where xi is the midpoint of [xi-1, xi] and yj is the


midpoint of [yj-1, yj ].

Chapter 12, 12.1, P669

10. FUBINIS THEOREM If f is continuous on


the rectangle R={(x, y} a x b, c y d} ,
then
b

f ( x, y)dA
R

f ( x, y )dydx

f ( x, y )dxdy

More generally, this is true if we assume that f


is bounded on R, is discontinuous only on a
finite number of smooth curves, and the
iterated integrals exist.

Chapter 12, 12.1, P672

g ( x)h( y)dA

Chapter 12, 12.1, P673

g ( x)dx h( y )dy where R R [a, b] [c, d ]


c

Chapter 12, 12.2, P676

Chapter 12, 12.2, P676

Chapter 12, 12.2, P677

Chapter 12, 12.2, P677

3.If f is continuous on a type I region D such that

D {(x, y) a x b, g1 ( x) y g2 ( x)}
then
b

g2 x

g1 x

f ( x, y)dA
D

Chapter 12, 12.2, P677

f ( x, y )dydx

Chapter 12, 12.2, P678

h2 ( y )

h1 ( y )

f ( x, y)dA
D

f ( x, y )dxdy

where D is a type II region given by Equation 4.

Chapter 12, 12.2, P678

Chapter 12, 12.2, P681

6. [ f ( x, y) g ( x, y)]dA f ( x, y)dA g ( x, y)dA


7.

cf ( x, y)dA c f ( x, y)dA
D

If f (x, y) g (x, y) for all (x, y) in D, then


8.

f ( x, y)dA g ( x, y)dA
D

If D=D1 U D2, where D1 and D2 dont overlap


except perhaps on their boundaries (see Figure
17), then
f ( x, y)dA f ( x, y)dA f ( x, y)dA
D

Chapter 12, 12.2, P681

D1

D2

1dA A( D)
D

Chapter 12, 12.2, P682

11. If m f (x, y) M for all (x ,y) in D, then

mA( D) f ( x, y)dA MA( D)


D

Chapter 12, 12.2, P682

Chapter 12, 12.3, P684

Chapter 12, 12.3, P684

Chapter 12, 12.3, P684

r2=x2+y2

Chapter 12, 12.3, P684

x=r cos

y=r sin

Chapter 12, 12.3, P685

2. CHANGE TO POLAR COORDINATES IN A


DOUBLE INTEGRAL If f is continuous on a
polar rectangle R given by 0arb, a,
where 0-2 , then
b

f ( x, y)dA

Chapter 12, 12.3, P686

f (r cos , r sin )rdrd

3. If f is continuous on a polar region of the form

D {(r, ) , h1 ( ) r h2 ( )
then
h2 ( )

f ( x, y)dA
D

Chapter 12, 12.3, P687

h1 ( )

f (r cos , r sin )rdrd

3. DEFINITION The triple integral of f over


the box B is

f ( x, y, z )dV

m axxi , yi , z k 0

if this limit exists.

Chapter 12, 12.5, P696

lim

i 1 j 1 k 1

*
*
*
f ( xijk
, yijk
, zijk
)Vijk

f ( x, y, z )dV
B

Chapter 12, 12.5, P696

lim

l , m , n

f ( x , y , z
i 1 j 1 k 1

)V

4. FUBINIS THEOREM FOR TRIPLE


INTEGRALS If f is continuous on the
rectangular box B=[a, b] [c, d ][r, s], then
s

f ( x, y, z)dV
B

Chapter 12, 12.5, P696

f ( x, y, z )dxdydz

u2 ( x , y )

f ( x, y, z )dV
f ( x, y, z )dz dA
u1 ( x , y )

Chapter 12, 12.5, P697

g2 ( x)

g1 ( x )

f ( x, y, z)dV
E

Chapter 12, 12.5, P697

u2 ( x , y )

u1 ( x , y )

f ( x, y, z )dzdydx

h2 ( x )

h1 ( x )

f ( x, y, z)dV
E

Chapter 12, 12.5, P698

u2 ( x , y )

u1 ( x , y )

f ( x, y, z )dzdxdy

u2 ( x , y )

f ( x, y, z )dV
f ( x, y, z )dxdA
u1 ( x , y )

Chapter 12, 12.5, P698

u2 ( x , y )

f ( x, y, z )dV
f ( x, y, z )dy dA
u1 ( x , y )

Chapter 12, 12.5, P699

V ( E ) dV
E

Chapter 12, 12.5, P700

Chapter 12, 12.6, P705

To convert from cylindrical to rectangular


coordinates, we use the equations

1 x=r cos

y=r sin

z=z

whereas to convert from rectangular to cylindrical


coordinates, we use
2.

r2=x2+y2

Chapter 12, 12.6, P705

tan =

y
x

z=z

Chapter 12, 12.6, P706

Chapter 12, 12.6, P706

Chapter 12, 12.6, P706

formula for triple integration in cylindrical


coordinates.
h2 ( ) u 2 ( r cos , r sin )

f ( x, y, z)dV
E

Chapter 12, 12.6, P707

h1 ( )

u1 ( r cos , r sin )

f (r cos , r sin , z )rdzdrd

p0
Chapter 12, 12.7, P709

Chapter 12, 12.7, P709

Chapter 12, 12.7, P709

Chapter 12, 12.7, P709

Chapter 12, 12.7, P710

x p sin cos

Chapter 12, 12.7, P710

y p sin sin

z p cos

p2 x2 y2 z 2

Chapter 12, 12.7, P710

FIGURE 8
Volume element in spherical
coordinates: dV=p2sindpdd
Chapter 12, 12.7, P711

Formula for triple integration in spherical


coordinates

f ( x, y, z)dV
E

f ( p sin cos , p sin som , p cos ) p 2 sin dpdd

where E is a spherical wedge given by

E {( p, , ) a p b, , c d}

Chapter 12, 12.7, P711

Chapter 12, 12.8, P716

Chapter 12, 12.8, P717

7. DEFINITION The Jacobian of the


transformation T given by x= g (u, v) and
y= h (u, v) is
x
( x, y )
u

y
(u , v )
u

Chapter 12, 12.8, P718

x
x y x y
v

y
u v v u
v

9. CHANGE OF VARIABLES IN A DOUBLE


INTEGRAL Suppose that T is a C1
transformation whose Jacobian is nonzero and
that maps a region S in the uv-plane onto a
region R in the xy-plane. Suppose that f is
continuous on R and that R and S are type I or
type II plane regions. Suppose also that T is
one-to-one, except perhaps on the boundary of .
S. Then

f ( x, y)dA
R

Chapter 12, 12.8, P719

( x, y )
f ( x(u, v), y (u, v))
dudv
(u, v)

Let T be a transformation that maps a region S in


uvw-space onto a region R in xyz-space by means
of the equations
x=g (u, v, w)

y=h (u, v, w) z=k (u, v, w)

The Jacobian of T is the following 3X3


determinant:
x x x
u v w
12.
( x, y , z )
y y y

(u , v, w)
u v w
z z z
u v w

Chapter 12, 12.8, P721

13.

f ( x, y, z)dV
R

( x, y, z )
f ( x(u, v, w), y (u, v, w), z (u, v, w))
dudvdw
(u, v, w)

Chapter 12, 12.8, P722

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