10.3 Dispraksia & Disfasia

Dyspraxia
A person with dyspraxia, also known as developmental
dyspraxia, developmental coordination disorder

(DCD), Perceptuo-Motor Dysfunction, or Motor
Learning Difficulties has problems with movement and
coordination. People with dyspraxia find it hard to
carry out smooth and coordinated movements.
The Dysprahsia Foundation defines dyspraxia as
'an impairment or immaturity of the organisation of

movement' and, in many individuals, there may be
associated problems with language, perception and
thought. The term normally used is Developmental
Children with dyspraxia might display the following
types of behaviors:
a. An very high degree ticks, such as hand

twisting and foot tapping
b. A higher degree of excitability, particularly
with loud or shrill tones
c. They might be prone to temper tantrums
d. They might be extraordinarily clumsy
e. Handwriting might be particularly poor and
short-term memory may suffer in kids with
dyspraxia
f. Dyspraxia, however, does not affect the
person's intelligence
What is the treatment for dyspraxia?

Although dyspraxia is not curable, with time the child can
improve.
Occupational therapy
An occupational therapist will first observe how the child manages
with everyday functions both at home and at school. He/she will
then help the child develop skills specific to activities which may
be troublesome.
Speech and language therapy
The speech and language therapist will first carry out an

assessment of the child's speech, and then help him/her
communicate more effectively.
Perceptual motor training
This involves improving the child's language, visual, movement,

and auditory skills. A series of tasks, which gradually becoming
more advanced, are set - the aim is to challenge the child so
that he/she improves, but not so much that it becomes
frustrating or stressful.
Masalah pembelajaran kanak-kanak dispraksia

termasuk:
Membilang dan mengira melibatkan operasi.
Tulisan yang buruk membentuk huruf dan
tidak dapat mengikut barisan.

Tidak dapat memberi tumpuan dalam kerja
akademik terutamanya menulis, membaca,
mengira atau mengeja dll
Tidak dapat mengikut arahan dan menimbulkan
masalah dalam kelas.
Tidak dapat ikut/faham jika lebih daripada satu
arahan diberi.
Memerlukan pengajaran secara individu.
Strategi untuk membantu kanakkanak dispraksia

Kemahiran yang diperlukan :
Berdikari
Kemahiran sosial dan self-esteem
Strategi:
Permainan pasukan, sukan, memasak, fotografi,
berenang, archery dan martial arts
Penggunaan keyboards dan komputer.
Matematik
Dispraksia
Tidak dapat menyelesaian masalah matematik.

Accept his/her best effort
Tumpukan pada kemahiran asas.
Jangan terlalu banyak soalan pada satu masa.

Gunakan kod warna e.g. ratus, puluh dan sa
Tidak dapat buat jigsaw dan aktiviti seperti
pengkelasan mengikut bentuk.

Elak menggunakan graf, sudut ada kanakkanak Dispraksia tidak dapat melukis petak.
Dispraksia
Kanak-kanak dispraksia juga bermasalah dengan
konsep masa.
Konsep masa di jadikan aktiviti harian.
Bila jalan ke kedai. Berapa lama? Rekodkan masa
perjalanan.
Gunakan Timer tetapkan tempoh masa
Contoh: duduk diam selama 1 minit dll.
Permainan nombor saiz yang besar(jigsaw)

Numicon - A multi-sensory approach to arithmetic
teaching that uses patterns that are structured to

encourage the understanding of number and number
relationships.
Dispraksia
Numicon kit pembelajaran yang sangat

sesuai untuk kanak-kanak dispraksia.
Numicon number shapes

representing 1-10.
Numicon number line.
Numicon
Numicon pegs grouped to show 16 as 1

ten and 6 units.
Numicon shapes showing 3 plus 4 equals 7.
Dysphasia/Disfasia
Dysphasia is a partial or complete impairment of
the ability to communicate resulting from brain

injury.
Developmental Dysphasia is considered to be a
learning disability.
Dysphasia does not necessarily prevent proper
cognitive function, so the patient can think and
feel with perfect clarity. But they cannot express
these thoughts and feelings to others.
Does not affect the person's intelligence
Dysphasia/Disfasia
Dysphasia can affect one or more of the basic
language functions: comprehension (understanding

spoken language), naming (identifying items with
words), repetition (repeating words or phrases), and
speech.
Expressive dysphasia-known as motor dysphasia,
produces a conscious and recognizable disruption of a
patient's speech production and language output.
Receptive dysphasia-known as sensory dysphasia,
impairs the patient's comprehension and meaning of
language.
Global dysphasia-results from damage to both the
anterior and posterior regions of the languagedominant hemisphere.
Causes & symptoms

Difficulty remembering words
Difficulty naming objects and/or people
Difficulty speaking in complete and/or meaningful
sentences
Difficulty speaking in any fashion
Difficulty reading or writing
Difficulty expressing thoughts and feelings
Difficulty understanding spoken language
Using incorrect or jumbled words
Using words in the wrong order
Poor pencil grip. Cannot do jigsaws or shape sorting
games. Artwork is very immature.
Treatment
Trained speech therapist-allow the patient
to regain language function, as well as

rebuild their communications skills.
Family members are included on therapy
sessions to teach them how to communicate
with and understand the patient.
Even with therapy, dysphasia may take
several years to overcome.

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Dyspraxia

A person with dyspraxia, also known as developmental

dyspraxia, developmental coordination disorder

'an impairment or immaturity of the organisation of

Children with dyspraxia might display the following

a. An very high degree ticks, such as hand

What is the treatment for dyspraxia?

The speech and language therapist will first carry out an

This involves improving the child's language, visual, movement,

Masalah pembelajaran kanak-kanak dispraksia

Tulisan yang buruk membentuk huruf dan

tidak dapat mengikut barisan.

Strategi untuk membantu kanakkanak dispraksia

Tidak dapat menyelesaian masalah matematik.

Jangan terlalu banyak soalan pada satu masa.

pengkelasan mengikut bentuk.

Bila jalan ke kedai. Berapa lama? Rekodkan masa

Permainan nombor saiz yang besar(jigsaw)

teaching that uses patterns that are structured to

Numicon kit pembelajaran yang sangat

Numicon number shapes

Numicon number line.

Numicon pegs grouped to show 16 as 1

Numicon shapes showing 3 plus 4 equals 7.

the ability to communicate resulting from brain

language functions: comprehension (understanding

Causes & symptoms

to regain language function, as well as

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