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04 TransmissionMedia

The document discusses different types of transmission media including guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber as well as unguided media like radio waves and infrared. It provides details on the characteristics, applications, and limitations of each transmission medium.

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Alwin Indraswara
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46 views22 pages

04 TransmissionMedia

The document discusses different types of transmission media including guided media like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber as well as unguided media like radio waves and infrared. It provides details on the characteristics, applications, and limitations of each transmission medium.

Uploaded by

Alwin Indraswara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transmission Media

Transmission is the process of transporting information


between end points of a system or network.
Transmission systems may use copper cable, optical
cable, or radio channels to interconnect far-end and
near-end equipment.
11/3/14 1
Transmission Media

Guided

Twisted Pair

Cable

iber

Medium more important than the signal

!nguided

"tmosphere

#uter $pace

$ignal more important than the medium


11/3/14 2
$pectrum for
telecommunications
11/3/14 3
Twisted Pair

Two insulated copper wires in a spiral

%umber of pairs are bundled together

Twisting decreases crosstalk

Most common form for analog and digital

!sed in telephone system

$ubscriber loops

rom a person&s home to the local o'ce of the


phone company

("%$

)*Mbps with newer at )**Mbps


11/3/14 4
Twisted pair

(ong +istance

, Mbps

-$+% . -ntegrated $er/ices +igital %etwork

+igital

0epeaters required e/ery 1 .2 kilometers

"nalog

"mpli3ers required e/ery 4-5 kilometers

6andwidth of 14*789, carry a few /oice


channels

$usceptible to noise, shielded (STP) and


unshielded (UTP).

Compared to optical and coa: twisted pair


is limited in bandwidth, distance, and data
rate
11/3/14 5
11/3/14 6
Parallel lines are often used as
part of antenna arrays. Ordinary
television twinlead, is an exaple
of a parallel transission line!
"i#ure $a%.
Parallel lines &an 'e s(ielded to
redu&e interferen&e pro'les, as
illustrated
in "i#ure $'%.
Coa:ial Cable

8ollow outer cylindrical conductor


surrounding a single /iew

Most /ersatile of mediums, used for


T;, long distance telephone,and
("%&$
11/3/14 )
11/3/14 *
Coa:ial Cable

Part of long distance telephone network

<ith +M can carry o/er )*,*** /oice channels

Transmits both analog and digital signals

requency characteristics superior to twisted pair

(ess susceptible to noise

or long distance

"mpli3ers needed e/ery few kilometers

0epeaters needed e/ery kilometer or so


11/3/14 +
11/3/14 1,
"or &oaxial &a'le, t(e &(ara&teristi&
ipedan&e is #iven 'y-
Coaxial Cable Applications
#ptical 3ber

Thin, =e:ible light passing material


made from glass or plastic

Grouped into cables


11/3/14 11
#ptical 3ber

6etter than coa:ial cable or twisted pair

+ata rates of 1Gbps o/er )*&s of 7m

(ight weight . good for buildings

(ower attenuation than coa: or twisted

%ot e>ected by e:treme electromagnetic 3elds

Crosstalk and impulse

;ery di'cult to tap . good security

"pplications

(ong 8aul trunks, metro trunks, rural e:change


trunks, more recently beginning to displace
twisted pair in subscriber loops and in ("%$
11/3/14 12
#ptical iber

#perates in range )*
),
to )*
)4
89

-nfrared and /isible spectrum

Multimode

;ariety of angles of light will re=ect and propagate

$ingle Mode

0adius of the core ? order of a wa/elength

#nly single angle passes

$uperior performance

Two di>erent light sources . both emit light when


/oltage applied

(@+ . (ight @mitting +iode . less costly, longer life

-(+ - -nAection (aser +iode . greater data rate


11/3/14 13
11/3/14 14
11/3/14 15
<ireless

"ntennae

+irectional

ocused @M beam

The higher frequency the more focused

#mnidirectional

(ower frequency

$preads out to multiple recei/ers

Three ranges of frequencies

15G89 . ,*G89 --- microwa/e

2* M89 . )G89 --- broadcast radio

2:)*BB)) to 1:)*BB), 89 --- infrared


11/3/14 16
Terrestrial Microwa/e

Parabolic dish

%arrow beam . line of sight on


towers to a/oid obstacles

$eries of towers for long distance

"pplicationsC

(ong haul telephone

;oice and T;

$hort point to point between


buildings

Main $ource of loss

"ttentuation . especially with


rainful

0epeaters or ampli3ers )* to
)**km

-nterference with o/erlapping


bands
11/3/14 1)
$atellite Microwa/e

-t is essentially a microwa/e
relay station

!plink

0ecei/es transmission on
one frequency

+ownlink

Transmits on a second
frequency

#perates on a number of
frequency bands known as
transponders

Point to Point

Ground station to satellite to


ground station

Multipoint

Ground station to satellite to


multiple recei/ing stations 11/3/14 1*
$atellite Microwa/e

$atellite orbit

24,DE, 7m, to match earth


rotation

$tays 3:ed abo/e the


transmitterFrecei/er station
as earth rotates

$atellites need to be separated


by distance

"/oid interference
11/3/14 1+
.ppli&ations
/0, lon# distan&e telep(one, private 'usiness networ1s
Optiu fre2uen&y ran#e 1 1, 345
6elow 1345 results in noise, a'ove 1,345 results in severe
attenuation
6roadcast 0adio

#mnidirectional unlike satellite

+oes not require dish like antennae

requency range

0adio - 2k89 to 2**Gh9

6roadcast radio . 2*M89 to )G89

6roadcast radio

Transmission limited to line of sight

(ess sensiti/e to attenuation from rainfall than


microwa/e

Prime source of interference is multipath


11/3/14 2,
-nfrared

Trancei/ers must be within line of


sight of each other or /ia re=ection

+oes not penetrate walls like


microwa/e

%o frequency allocation or licensing


11/3/14 21
Tugas 7elompok
). Perbandingan ad/antages G disad/antages
antara Guided dan !nguided media
1. Perbandingan karakteristik dari semua guided
media dtinAau dari C
- Harak penguat
- +ata rate
- 6iayaFhargaIusahakan mendapatkan harga
terkiniJ
2. Perbandingan karakteristik dari semua unguided
media dtinAau dari C
- Harak penguat
- +ata rate
- 6iayaFhargaIusahakan mendapatkan harga
terkiniJ
11/3/14 22

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