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Flow Chart and Algorithm

This document discusses algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudo code. It begins by explaining what an algorithm is - a sequence of step-by-step instructions to solve a problem. It then provides examples of algorithms for tasks like taking a shower or mailing a letter. The document introduces flowcharts as a way to visually represent algorithms using standard symbols. Key flowchart elements and constructs are defined. Finally, pseudo code is described as a way to represent algorithms using a language that is like a computer program but in plain text. Students are assigned to create a flowchart for the process of binary to ASCII conversion.

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saga54
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82 views24 pages

Flow Chart and Algorithm

This document discusses algorithms, flowcharts, and pseudo code. It begins by explaining what an algorithm is - a sequence of step-by-step instructions to solve a problem. It then provides examples of algorithms for tasks like taking a shower or mailing a letter. The document introduces flowcharts as a way to visually represent algorithms using standard symbols. Key flowchart elements and constructs are defined. Finally, pseudo code is described as a way to represent algorithms using a language that is like a computer program but in plain text. Students are assigned to create a flowchart for the process of binary to ASCII conversion.

Uploaded by

saga54
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Flow chart and Algorithm

Announcement
Exam One
Wednesday October 1st
100 points
Mixture of short answer, problem solving, matching,
and maybe a multiple choice question
Monday class will be held as a review session.
Exam Next Wednesday
History of Computers
Hardware inside and outside
Software Microsoft Word, Excel
Spread sheet and data
Operating Systems and Computer Security
Pirates of Silicon Valley
Writing Lab Reports
Binary Mathematics
Flowcharts and Algorithms
Todays Topics
Algorithms
Flowcharts
Pseudo code

Problem Solving
For the rest of the semester, we will practice
problem-solving. If you learn nothing else from
this class, I would like you to learn to take a
good approach to problem solving
Algorithms
To solve a problem, you got to figure out how to solve it
by yourself.
To make a computer solve a problem, you need to you
have to tell the computer, step by step, exactly what
you want it to do.
The computer then "executes" the program, following
each step mechanically, to accomplish the end goal.
Algorithm: Sequence of step-by-step instructions that
will produce a solution to a problem
Four algorithms
The taxi algorithm:
Go to the taxi stand.
Get in a taxi.
Give the driver my
address.
The call-me algorithm:
When your plane arrives,
call my cell phone.
Meet me outside baggage
claim.
The rent-a-car algorithm:
Take the shuttle to the rental
car place.
Rent a car.
Follow the directions to get to
my house.
The bus algorithm:
Outside baggage claim,
catch bus number 70.
Transfer to bus 14 on Main
Street.
Get off on Grand River Ave.
Walk two blocks north to my
house.


Problem to Solve
What steps would you propose to solve the
following problem?
You are dirty and want to clean up
Solution: Take a shower
What are the steps?
Example of Algorithm
Take clothes off
Turn on water
Step into shower
Wash face
Wash body
Shampoo hair
Turn water off
Dry off
Get dressed

Problem:
You are dirty

Solution:
Take a shower

How:
Take a Shower
Algorithm
Take a Shower Algorithm
Sequence of Steps
Fairly regular order of events
must take clothes off first
cannot dry off before washing
Cannot skip steps to complete job
Result oriented
Termination of algorithm after result


Algorithm Example
Define the algorithm for mailing a letter, from
obtaining the envelope to placing it in the
mailbox
Mailing a Letter
Obtain Envelope
If letter is too big, fold letter
Place letter in envelope
Address Envelope
Seal envelope
Obtain stamp
Affix stamp
Place in mailbox


Flowcharts
Flowcharts are graphical and verbal
illustrations of algorithms
Flowcharts are useful in describing any step-
by-step procedure
Flowcharts make it easier to create
programming code
Flowchart Elements
read x
print y
x = y * x
begin
if x > 0
start, end
input
output
computation
comparison
or decision
Specific shapes
have specific
roles in a
flowchart ...
T
F
Do
Assignment
#5
Pre-defined
process, usually
complex
Flowcharts
obtain
envelope
Is letter
bigger than
envelope?
yes
fold letter
insert into
envelope
no
address
envelope
affix
stamp
place in
mailbox
obtain
stamp
end
start
seal
envelope
raise
flag
Flowchart Checklist
All major elements of the algorithm are
indicated.
The elements are clearly labeled.
Sequence of elements is clear and there are
no gaps or dead ends.
Sequence of elements is logical from user's
point of view.
Flowchart symbols are used correctly.

Decimal number to binary number:
Decimal number to binary number
Start
Get a
number
Divide the
Number
By 2
Is the quotient
Equal to 1?
Print
The Remain
to the left of
previous remains
No
Print 1
To the left of
Previous remains
End
Yes
Pseudo code
Flow chart in a text form.
More like a computer program, but with human
language.
Can be easily translated into computer
languages.

Elements of pseudo code
IF condition is true THEN
Process step (1)
ELSE
Process step (2)

GOTO
Unconditional jump
If condition
Is true
Process
Step (1)
Process
Step (2)
Example: Binary2Decimal
1. Get a number
2. IF the number is equal to 1 or 0
Print the number; END
3. Divide the number by 2
4. IF quotient is 1 THEN
Print 1 to the left of the previous remains
5. ELSE
Print the remain to the left of previous remains. GOTO 3
6. END

Binary-ASCII conversion
Each letter is represented by an 8-bit binary
number, called ASCII (American Standard
Code for Information Interchange. )
Binary to Base Ten
Base Ten to ASCII
Details?
Steps in Binary-ASCII
Input number
Break number up into eight bits
Compute base two values for each bit
Sum base two values to get base ten value
Using base ten number, look in ASCII chart
Output ASCII character
Is there another number?
Repeat procedure
Pre-lab Assignment
Using the steps of the Binary-ASCII
conversion, create a flowchart, using the
proper shapes, arrows, etc.
In Fridays Lab we will use Powerpoint to
create flow chart.

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