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Fourier and Fourier Transform

Joseph Fourier was a French mathematician born in 1768 who made important contributions to the theory of heat and developed Fourier analysis. Fourier analysis expresses functions as sums of sine and cosine functions, known as Fourier series. The Fourier transform is a generalization of Fourier series that represents functions in terms of sine and cosine waves of different frequencies, allowing problems to be solved in the frequency domain. Fourier analysis has many applications across various fields including physics, signal processing, image processing, and more.

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70 views15 pages

Fourier and Fourier Transform

Joseph Fourier was a French mathematician born in 1768 who made important contributions to the theory of heat and developed Fourier analysis. Fourier analysis expresses functions as sums of sine and cosine functions, known as Fourier series. The Fourier transform is a generalization of Fourier series that represents functions in terms of sine and cosine waves of different frequencies, allowing problems to be solved in the frequency domain. Fourier analysis has many applications across various fields including physics, signal processing, image processing, and more.

Uploaded by

srinivaskaredla
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fourier and

Fourier Transform

Why should we learn Fourier
Transform?
Born: 21 March 1768 in Auxerre, Bourgogne, France
Died: 16 May 1830 in Paris, France
Joseph Fourier
Josephs father was a tailor in Auxerre
Joseph was the ninth of twelve children
His mother died when he was nine and
his father died the following year
Fourier demonstrated talent on math
at the age of 14.
In 1787 Fourier decided to train for
the priesthood - a religious life or a
mathematical life?
In 1793, Fourier joined the local
Revolutionary Committee
Fouriers Controversy Work
Fourier did his important mathematical work
on the theory of heat (highly regarded
memoir On the Propagation of Heat in Solid
Bodies ) from 1804 to 1807
This memoir received objection from
Fouriers mentors (Laplace and Lagrange)
and not able to be published until 1815



Napoleon awarded him a pension of 6000 francs, payable from 1 July, 1815.
However Napoleon was defeated on 1 July and Fourier did not receive any money
Expansion of a Function
Example (Taylor Series)
constant
first-order
term
second-order
term

Fourier Series
Fourier series make use of the orthogonality relationships of
the sine and cosine functions
Examples
Fourier Transform
The Fourier transform is a generalization of the
complex Fourier series in the limit
Fourier analysis = frequency domain analysis
Low frequency: sin(nx),cos(nx) with a small n
High frequency: sin(nx),cos(nx) with a large n
Note that sine and cosine waves are infinitely long
this is a shortcoming of Fourier analysis, which
explains why a more advanced tool, wavelet
analysis, is more appropriate for certain signals
Applications of Fourier Transform
Physics
Solve linear PDEs (heat conduction, Laplace,
wave propagation)
Antenna design
Seismic arrays, side scan sonar, GPS, SAR
Signal processing
1D: speech analysis, enhancement
2D: image restoration, enhancement

Not Just for EE
Just like Calculus invented by Newton,
Fourier analysis is another mathematical
tool
BIOM: fake iris detection
CS: anti-aliasing in computer graphics
CpE: hardware and software systems
FT in Biometrics
natural fake
FT in CS
Anti-aliasing in 3D graphic display
FT in CpE
Computer Engineering: The creative
application of engineering principles and
methods to the design and development of
hardware and software systems
If the goal is to build faster computer alone
(e.g., Intel), you might not need FT; but as
long as applications are involved, there is a
place for FT (e.g., Texas Instrument)
13
Frequency-Domain Analysis of Interpolation
Step-I: Upsampling




Step-II: Low-pass filtering
Different interpolation schemes correspond
to different low-pass filters




| | | | ( ) L / nT x L / n x n x
c i
= =
14
Frequency Domain Representation of Upsampling
( ) | | ( )

= ==
k
Lk j
e
wL X e k x w X
e
15
Frequency Domain Representation of Interpolation

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