PROGRAMMING

Teaching real stuff

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Problem: How to communicate between human and machine

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

INTRODUCTION

Problem: How to communicate between human and machine

We need to speak the language of machine

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

INTRODUCTION

Problem: How to communicate between human and machine

We need to speak the language of machine

Intermediate solution are programming languages

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

INTRODUCTION
Code example:

//Code to draw a rectangle

bool GameEngine::DrawRect(RECT2 rect, double strokeWidth)
{
if (!CanIPaint()) return false;
D2D1_RECT_F d2dRect = D2D1::RectF((FLOAT)
(FLOAT)
(FLOAT)
(FLOAT)

rect.left,
rect.top,
rect.right,
rect.bottom);

m_RenderTargetPtr->DrawRectangle(d2dRect, m_ColorBrushPtr,
(FLOAT) strokeWidth);
return true;
}

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INTRODUCTION

Programming language -> compiled (translated)

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INTRODUCTION

Programming language -> compiled (translated)

To a readable language by the computer

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

INTRODUCTION

Programming language -> compiled (translated)

To a readable language by the computer

Each file is compiled to a corresponding .obj file

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

INTRODUCTION

Programming language -> compiled (translated)

To a readable language by the computer

Each file is compiled to a corresponding .obj file

Link all files together (build)

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

INTRODUCTION

Programming language -> compiled (translated)

To a readable language by the computer

Each file is compiled to a corresponding .obj file

Link all files together (build)

Result is an executable file (.exe): contains computer language

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

INTRODUCTION
FirstExerc.cpp

GameEngine.cpp

Compile

obj

GameWinMain.cpp

Compile

obj

EXE

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Compile

obj

LINK

Libraries

Lib
or
Dll

CODE LAYOUT

CODE LAYOUT

Organize your code

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CODE LAYOUT

Organize your code

Different pieces of c++ code

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CODE LAYOUT

Organize your code

Different pieces of c++ code

Classes

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CODE LAYOUT

Organize your code

Different pieces of c++ code

Classes
Structs

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CODE LAYOUT

Organize your code

Different pieces of c++ code

Classes
Structs

Methods

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CODE LAYOUT

Organize your code

Different pieces of c++ code

Classes
Structs

Methods
Variables

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CODE LAYOUT

Organize your code

Different pieces of c++ code

Classes
Structs

Methods
Variables

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CODE LAYOUT

Not only code is separated into pieces

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CODE LAYOUT

Not only code is separated into pieces

Source files

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CODE LAYOUT

Not only code is separated into pieces

Source files
Header files

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CODE LAYOUT

Header files

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CODE LAYOUT

Header files

Overview of what we will find inside the source file

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CODE LAYOUT

Header files

Overview of what we will find inside the source file

Visible for everybody

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CODE LAYOUT

Header files

Overview of what we will find inside the source file

Visible for everybody
Used for declaration of variables, methods, etc.

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CODE LAYOUT

Source files

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CODE LAYOUT

Source files

Converted into zero and ones

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CODE LAYOUT

Source files

Converted into zero and ones

Only visible for people who have the source files

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CODE LAYOUT

Source files

Converted into zero and ones

Only visible for people who have the source files
Used to initialize variables and define methods etc.

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CODE LAYOUT
Header file

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CODE LAYOUT
Source file

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CREATING A PROJECT

CREATING A PROJECT

Search for Visual Studio in your start menu

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CREATING A PROJECT

Or type devenv in your start menu

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CREATING A PROJECT

Once Visual Studio is started you create a new project

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CREATING A PROJECT

Once Visual Studio is started you create a new project

Click File

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CREATING A PROJECT

Once Visual Studio is started you create a new project

Click File
New

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CREATING A PROJECT

Once Visual Studio is started you create a new project

Click File
New
Project

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CREATING A PROJECT

Select the correct project type

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CREATING A PROJECT

Select the correct project type

Installed Templates

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Select the correct project type

Installed Templates
Visual C++

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Select the correct project type

Installed Templates
Visual C++
Win32 Project (NOT the Win32 console application)

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Name your project

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CREATING A PROJECT

Name your project

Assign a location to save your project

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CREATING A PROJECT

Name your project

Assign a location to save your project

Uncheck the create directory for solution checkbox

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CREATING A PROJECT

Application setting

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Application setting

Click on application settings

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Application setting

Click on application settings

Make sure the application type is set to Windows application

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CREATING A PROJECT

Application setting

Click on application settings

Make sure the application type is set to Windows application
Select empty project in the additional options

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CREATING A PROJECT

Project structure in Windows Explorer

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Project structure in Windows Explorer

Navigate to the location where you created your project

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CREATING A PROJECT

Project structure in Windows Explorer

Navigate to the location where you created your project

Find the game engine files we provided to you

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CREATING A PROJECT

Project structure in Windows Explorer

Navigate to the location where you created your project

Find the game engine files we provided to you
Copy ( NOT move) them to your project folder

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Modifying Filters in Solution Explorer

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Modifying Filters in Solution Explorer

Re-open visual studio

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CREATING A PROJECT

Modifying Filters in Solution Explorer

Re-open visual studio

Find the solution explorer

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CREATING A PROJECT

Modifying Filters in Solution Explorer

Re-open visual studio

Find the solution explorer
You will notice a few folders under the project, they are called filters

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Filters

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Filters

Subdivisions to organize files inside your project

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Filters

Subdivisions to organize files inside your project

Do not affect your projects folder

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Divide your project inside 3 parts

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Divide your project inside 3 parts

Engine files

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Divide your project inside 3 parts

Engine files
Resource files

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CREATING A PROJECT

Divide your project inside 3 parts

Engine files
Resource files
Game files

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CREATING A PROJECT

Divide your project inside 3 parts

Engine files
Resource files
Game files

Therefore rename the following folders

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CREATING A PROJECT

Divide your project inside 3 parts

Engine files
Resource files
Game files

Therefore rename the following folders

Header files into Engine files

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CREATING A PROJECT

Divide your project inside 3 parts

Engine files
Resource files
Game files

Therefore rename the following folders

Header files into Engine files

Source files into Game files

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CREATING A PROJECT

Adding files

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CREATING A PROJECT

Adding files

Right click on a filter in the solution explorer

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CREATING A PROJECT

Adding files

Right click on a filter in the solution explorer

Add

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Adding files

Right click on a filter in the solution explorer

Add
Existing Item

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CREATING A PROJECT

Add the following files to your project

AbstractGame.cpp

AbstractGame.h

Big.ico

GameEngine.cpp

GameEngine.h

GameWinMain.cpp

GameWinMain.h

Resource.h

Small.ico

X.cpp

X.h

X.rc

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CREATING A PROJECT

Rename following files

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CREATING A PROJECT

Rename following files

X.rc to resource.rc

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CREATING A PROJECT

Rename following files

X.rc to resource.rc
X.cpp to Main.cpp

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CREATING A PROJECT

Rename following files

X.rc to resource.rc
X.cpp to Main.cpp
X.h to Main.h

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CREATING A PROJECT

Replace all files in the correct filter

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CREATING A PROJECT

Replace all files in the correct filter

Main.cpp and Main.h inside Game files

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CREATING A PROJECT

Replace all files in the correct filter

Main.cpp and Main.h inside Game files

Resource.rc, Big.ico, Small.ico, resource.h inside Resource files

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CREATING A PROJECT

Replace all files in the correct filter

Main.cpp and Main.h inside Game files

Resource.rc, Big.ico, Small.ico, resource.h inside Resource files
The others inside Engine files

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CREATING A PROJECT

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CREATING A PROJECT

Replace X by the name of the class

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CREATING A PROJECT

Replace X by the name of the class

Open Main.cpp, Main.h, GameWinMain.cpp

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CREATING A PROJECT

Replace X by the name of the class

Open Main.cpp, Main.h, GameWinMain.cpp

Search and replace (Ctrl + h) the X with Main

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CREATING A PROJECT

Replace X by the name of the class

Open Main.cpp, Main.h, GameWinMain.cpp

Search and replace (Ctrl + h) the X with Main
Make sure you check Match case

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CREATING A PROJECT

Replace X by the name of the class

Open Main.cpp, Main.h, GameWinMain.cpp

Search and replace (Ctrl + h) the X with Main
Make sure you check Match case
Make sure you check Match whole word

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CREATING A PROJECT

Replace X by the name of the class

Open Main.cpp, Main.h, GameWinMain.cpp

Search and replace (Ctrl + h) the X with Main
Make sure you check Match case
Make sure you check Match whole word

Search inside the entire solution

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CREATING A PROJECT

Fill in your personal data

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Fill in your personal data

Open Main.h

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CREATING A PROJECT

Fill in your personal data

Open Main.h
Add your data at the top of the file

//---------------------------------------------// Student data

// Name: Dave De Breuck
// Group: 3DAEGAMEDEV
//----------------------------------------------

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Fill in your personal data

Open Main.cpp

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CREATING A PROJECT

Fill in your personal data

Open Main.cpp
Find the method Main::GameInitialize(HINSTANCE hInstance)
void Main::GameInitialize(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
// Set the required values
AbstractGame::GameInitialize(hInstance);
GAME_ENGINE->SetTitle("Main - De Breuck Dave - 3DAEGAMEDEV");
GAME_ENGINE->RunGameLoop(false);
// Set the optional values
GAME_ENGINE->SetWidth(640);
GAME_ENGINE->SetHeight(480);
//GAME_ENGINE->SetKeyList(String(WASD") + (TCHAR)VK_SPACE);
}

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CREATING A PROJECT

Test your project

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Test your project

Rebuild the solution (CTRL + ALT + F7)

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Test your project

Rebuild the solution (CTRL + ALT + F7)

Run the program (F5)

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CREATING A PROJECT

Congratulations your created your first project!

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VARIABLES

VARIABLES

What is animation

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VARIABLES

What is animation

Still image

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VARIABLES

What is animation

Still image
Repeatedly shown

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VARIABLES

What is animation

Still image
Repeatedly shown
Small change are made

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VARIABLES

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VARIABLES

To be able to affect changes

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VARIABLES

To be able to affect changes

Access the state of animation

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VARIABLES

To be able to affect changes

Access the state of animation

We access the state by using variables

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VARIABLES

To be able to affect changes

Access the state of animation

We access the state by using variables
We create a variable for each value that needs to be changed during runtime

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VARIABLES

What is a variable

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VARIABLES

What is a variable

Piece of memory

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VARIABLES

What is a variable

Piece of memory
Assigned to a name

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VARIABLES

What is a variable

Piece of memory
Assigned a name
Value can be stored inside the memory

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VARIABLES

Using variables

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VARIABLES

Using variables

Write the name of the variable to access the value that is stored inside the memory

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VARIABLES

Using variables

Write the name of the variable to access the value that is stored inside the memory
To change the value we use the assignment operator = "

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VARIABLES

Example

//Creating 2 variables named "x" and "y"

//Storing a value inside both variables
int x = 1;
int y = 2;
//Creating a variable named "result"
//Storing the sum of variable "x" and "y"
//inside this variable
int result = x + y;

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VARIABLES

Exercise Open Laptop

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VARIABLES

Variable types

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VARIABLES

Variable types

Integral numbers

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VARIABLES

Variable types

Integral numbers
Decimal numbers

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VARIABLES

Variable types

Integral numbers
Decimal numbers
Boolean values

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VARIABLES

Variable types

Integral numbers
Decimal numbers
Boolean values
Text

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

VARIABLES

Variable types

Integral numbers
Decimal numbers
Boolean values
Text

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

VARIABLES

Variable types

Integral numbers
Decimal numbers
Boolean values
Text

For every kind of data there is a kind of variable also know as type

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VARIABLES

Variable types

Integral numbers
Decimal numbers
Boolean values
Text

For every kind of data there is a kind of variable also know as type
Type determines

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

VARIABLES

Variable types

Integral numbers
Decimal numbers
Boolean values
Text

For every kind of data there is a kind of variable also know as type
Type determines
Value of the variable
What operations can be performed on the value

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

VARIABLES

Variable type categories

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VARIABLES

Variable type categories

Primitive variables

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VARIABLES

Variable type categories

Primitive variables
Composite variables

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VARIABLES

Variable type categories

Primitive variables
Composite variables
Abstract variables

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VARIABLES

Primitive variables

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VARIABLES

Primitive variables

Integer

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VARIABLES

Primitive variables

Integer
Double

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VARIABLES

Primitive variables

Integer
Double
Float

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VARIABLES

Primitive variables

Integer
Double
Float
Bool

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VARIABLES

Primitive variables

Integer
Double
Float
Bool

Char

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VARIABLES

Primitive variables

Integer
Double
Float
Bool

Char

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VARIABLES

Integers

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VARIABLES

Integers

Without fractional or decimal component

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VARIABLES

Integers

Without fractional or decimal component

Range { , -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, }

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VARIABLES

Integers

Without fractional or decimal component

Range { , -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, }
32 bits ( 4 bytes of memory )

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VARIABLES

Integers

Without fractional or decimal component

Range { , -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, }
32 bits ( 4 bytes of memory )
Signed or unsigned

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VARIABLES

Float

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VARIABLES

Float

With decimal component

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VARIABLES

Float

With decimal component

Range { , -0.2, -0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, }

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VARIABLES

Float

With decimal component

Range { , -0.2, -0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, }
32 bits ( 4 bytes of memory )

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VARIABLES

Float

With decimal component

Range { , -0.2, -0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, }
32 bits ( 4 bytes of memory )
Singed or unsigned

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VARIABLES

Double

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VARIABLES

Double

With decimal component

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VARIABLES

Double

With decimal component

Range { , -0.2, -0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, }

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

VARIABLES

Double

With decimal component

Range { , -0.2, -0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, }
64 bits ( 8 bytes of memory )

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VARIABLES

Double

With decimal component

Range { , -0.2, -0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, }
64 bits ( 8 bytes of memory )
Singed or unsigned

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VARIABLES

TCHAR

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VARIABLES

TCHAR

Used for single characters

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VARIABLES

TCHAR

Used for single characters

Define it with single quotes ( character = 'a )

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VARIABLES

TCHAR

Used for single characters

Define it with single quotes ( character = 'a )
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

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VARIABLES

TCHAR

Used for single characters

Define it with single quotes ( character = 'a )
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
8 bits ( 1 byte of memory )

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VARIABLES

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VARIABLES

String

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VARIABLES

String

Sequence of characters

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VARIABLES

String

Sequence of characters
Define it with double quotes ( string sequence_characters = "aaaa"; )

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SELECTIONS

SELECTIONS

A selection is a condition inside your code

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SELECTIONS

Example

Adventure game

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SELECTIONS
There are 3 types of conditions

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SELECTIONS
There are 3 types of conditions

If-else

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SELECTIONS
There are 3 types of conditions

If-else
Switch-case

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SELECTIONS
There are 3 types of conditions

If-else
Switch-case
?:

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SELECTIONS
If-else

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SELECTIONS
If-else

Uses a Boolean expression

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SELECTIONS
If-else

Uses a Boolean expression

Rational expression

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SELECTIONS
If-else

Uses a Boolean expression

Rational expression
Logical expression

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SELECTIONS
If-else

Uses a Boolean expression

Rational expression
Logical expression
Combination of both

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SELECTIONS
Rational expression

<
>
<=
>=

==
!=

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SELECTIONS
Logical expression

&&
||
!

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SELECTIONS

Exercise - rational expressions

m_Year = 2014

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SELECTIONS

m_Year < 1900

m_Year == 1850
m_Year != 1850

m_Year >= 1800

m_Year <= 1850

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SELECTIONS

m_Year < 1900

m_Year == 1850
m_Year != 1850

m_Year >= 1800

m_Year <= 1850

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SELECTIONS

m_Year < 1900

m_Year == 1850
m_Year != 1850

m_Year >= 1800

m_Year <= 1850

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SELECTIONS

m_Year < 1900

m_Year == 1850
m_Year != 1850

m_Year >= 1800

m_Year <= 1850

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SELECTIONS

m_Year < 1900

m_Year == 1850
m_Year != 1850

m_Year >= 1800

m_Year <= 1850

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SELECTIONS

m_Year < 1900

m_Year == 1850
m_Year != 1850

m_Year >= 1800

m_Year <= 1850

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SELECTIONS

Exercise logical expressions

m_Year = 2014

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SELECTIONS

true && true

true && false
true || true

true || false
!true

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SELECTIONS

true && true

true && false
true || true

true || false
!true

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SELECTIONS

true && true

true && false
true || true

true || false
!true

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SELECTIONS

true && true

true && false
true || true

true || false
!true

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SELECTIONS

true && true

true && false
true || true

true || false
!true

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SELECTIONS

true && true

true && false
true || true

true || false
!true

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SELECTIONS

! ( m_Year == 1995 || 2001 )

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SELECTIONS

! ( m_Year == 1995 || 2001 )

! ( false || true)

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SELECTIONS

! ( m_Year == 1995 || 2001 )

! ( false || true)
!(true)

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SELECTIONS

! ( m_Year == 1995 || 2001 )

! ( false || true)
!(true)

false

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SELECTIONS

The syntax

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SELECTIONS

The syntax

Simple statement (without brackets)

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SELECTIONS

The syntax

Simple statement (without brackets)

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int m_number = 5;
if (m_number == 5)
m_number += 1;

SELECTIONS

The syntax

Simple statement (without brackets)

Compound statement (with brackets)

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int m_number = 5;
if (m_number == 5)
m_number += 1;

SELECTIONS

The syntax

Simple statement (without brackets)

Compound statement (with brackets)

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

int m_number = 5;
if (m_number == 5)
m_number += 1;

int m_number = 6;
if (m_number == 6)
{
m_number += 5;
m_number += 10;
}

SELECTIONS
Watch out!

int m_number = 10;

if (m_number<5)
m_number = 5;
m_number += 1;
m_number = ?

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

SELECTIONS
Watch out!

int m_number = 10;

if (m_number<5)
m_number = 5;
m_number += 1;
m_number = 11

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SELECTIONS
If-else syntax
if (condition1)
{
// execute if condition1 == true
}
else if (condition2)
{
// execute if condition1 == false

// and
// execute if condition2 == true
}
else
{
// execute if condition1 == false
// and
// execute if condition2 == false
}

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METHODS

METHODS

Used to split up a problem (for which the program is the solution) into sub-problems

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METHODS

Using them goes into 2 steps

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METHODS

Using them goes into 2 steps

Write the method (what does it do?)

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METHODS

Using them goes into 2 steps

Write the method (what does it do?)

Call the method (when does it start?)

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METHODS

Example

void Demo::DrawStaff()
{
GAME_ENGINE->DrawLine(20, 20, 200, 20);

GAME_ENGINE->DrawLine(20, 40, 200, 40);

GAME_ENGINE->DrawLine(20, 60, 200, 60);
GAME_ENGINE->DrawLine(20, 80, 200, 80);
GAME_ENGINE->DrawLine(20, 100, 200, 100);
}

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Syntax of a method

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Syntax of a method

Return value

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Syntax of a method

Return value
Scope (Demo::)

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Syntax of a method

Return value
Scope (Demo::)
Name

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Syntax of a method

Return value
Scope (Demo::)
Name
()

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Syntax of a method

Return value
Scope (Demo::)
Name
()

Body (enclosed with { } )

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS
Example

Return value

Scope

Name

void Demo::GamePaint(RECT rect)

{
DrawStaff();
}

Body

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

()

METHODS
Example

Return value

Scope

Name

()

void Demo::GamePaint(RECT rect)

{
DrawStaff();
}

Body

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

Parameter

METHODS

Methods with parameters

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Methods with parameters

Parameters a.k.a. arguments

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Methods with parameters

Parameters a.k.a. arguments

Those things between the round brackets

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Methods with parameters

Parameters a.k.a. arguments

Those things between the round brackets

void Demo::GamePaint(RECT rect)

rect of type RECT is the parameter of this method

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Used to call the same method

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Used to call the same method

Have a different outcome

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS
void Demo::DrawStaff(int x, int
{
GAME_ENGINE->DrawLine(x,
GAME_ENGINE->DrawLine(x,
GAME_ENGINE->DrawLine(x,
GAME_ENGINE->DrawLine(x,
GAME_ENGINE->DrawLine(x,
}

void Demo::GamePaint(RECT rect)

{
DrawStaff(40, 40);
}

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

y)

y, x + 200, y);
y + 8, x + 200, y + 8);
y + 16, x + 200, y + 16);
y + 24, x + 200, y + 24);
y + 32, x + 200, y + 32);

METHODS
A methods return value

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS
A methods return value

Optional (return type = void)

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS
A methods return value

Optional (return type = void)

Can be a primitive/composite/abstract value

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS
A methods return value

Optional (return type = void)

Can be a primitive/composite/abstract value
Using keyword return

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS
void Demo::GamePaint(RECT rect)

{
int sum = 0;
sum = CalculateSum(1, 2);
}
int Demo::CalculateSum(int number1, int number2)
{
int result = number1 + number2;
return result;
}

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS
void Demo::GamePaint(RECT rect)

{
int sum = 0;
sum = CalculateSum(1, 2);
}
int Demo::CalculateSum(int number1, int number2)
{
int result = number1 + number2;
return result;
}

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS
void Demo::GamePaint(RECT rect)

{
int sum = 0;
sum = CalculateSum(20, 40);
}
int Demo::CalculateSum(int number1, int number2)
{
int result = number1 + number2;
return result;
}

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS
void Demo::GamePaint(RECT rect)

{
int sum = 0;
sum = CalculateSum(20, 40);
}
int Demo::CalculateSum(int number1, int number2)
{
int result = number1 + number2;
return result;
}

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

Int number1 = 20
Int number2 = 40

METHODS
void Demo::GamePaint(RECT rect)

{
int sum = 0;
sum = CalculateSum(20, 40);
}
int Demo::CalculateSum(int number1, int number2)
{
int result = number1 + number2;
return result;
}

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

Int number1 = 20
Int number2 = 40
Result = 60

METHODS
void Demo::GamePaint(RECT rect)

{
int sum = 0;
sum = CalculateSum(20, 40);
}
int Demo::CalculateSum(int number1, int number2)
{
int result = number1 + number2;
return result;
}

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

Int number1 = 20
Int number2 = 40
Result = 60

METHODS
void Demo::GamePaint(RECT rect)

{
int sum = 0;
sum = 60;
}
int Demo::CalculateSum(int number1, int number2)
{
int result = number1 + number2;
return result;
}

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Exercise

int Demo::Calculate(int number1, int number2)

{
int result = number1 + number2;
result * = 2;
return result;
}

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Exercise
Calculate(10, 10); = ?
Calculate(5, 1); =

Calculate(20, 8); =

Calculate(Calculate(6,3), 10); = ?
Calculate(10, 10) + Calculate(80, 5); = ?
Calculate(Calculate(4 , 5), Calculate( 8 , 3)); = ?

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Exercise
Calculate(10, 10); = 40
Calculate(5, 1); =

Calculate(20, 8); =

Calculate(Calculate(6,3), 10); = ?
Calculate(10, 10) + Calculate(80, 5); = ?
Calculate(Calculate(4 , 5), Calculate( 8 , 3)); = ?

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Exercise
Calculate(10, 10); = 40
Calculate(5, 1); =

12

Calculate(20, 8); =

Calculate(Calculate(6,3), 10); = ?
Calculate(10, 10) + Calculate(80, 5); = ?
Calculate(Calculate(4 , 5), Calculate( 8 , 3)); = ?

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Exercise
Calculate(10, 10); = 40
Calculate(5, 1); =

12

Calculate(20, 8); =

56

Calculate(Calculate(6,3), 10); = ?
Calculate(10, 10) + Calculate(80, 5); = ?
Calculate(Calculate(4 , 5), Calculate( 8 , 3)); = ?

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Exercise
Calculate(10, 10); = 40
Calculate(5, 1); =

12

Calculate(20, 8); =

56

Calculate(Calculate(6,3), 10); = 56
Calculate(10, 10) + Calculate(80, 5); = ?
Calculate(Calculate(4 , 5), Calculate( 8 , 3)); = ?

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Exercise
Calculate(10, 10); = 40
Calculate(5, 1); =

12

Calculate(20, 8); =

56

Calculate(Calculate(6,3), 10); = 56
Calculate(10, 10) + Calculate(80, 5); = 210
Calculate(Calculate(4 , 5), Calculate( 8 , 3)); = ?

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Exercise
Calculate(10, 10); = 40
Calculate(5, 1); =

12

Calculate(20, 8); =

56

Calculate(Calculate(6,3), 10); = 56
Calculate(10, 10) + Calculate(80, 5); = 210
Calculate(Calculate(4 , 5), Calculate( 8 , 3)); = 80

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack & Heap

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack & Heap

Stack

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack & Heap

Stack
Very fast

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack & Heap

Stack
Very fast
Low memory size (1MB)

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack & Heap

Stack
Very fast
Low memory size (1MB)
Heap

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack & Heap

Stack
Very fast
Low memory size (1MB)
Heap

Slower

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack & Heap

Stack
Very fast
Low memory size (1MB)
Heap

Slower
Large memory size ( present day 5GB/6GB )

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack

Variables are stacked upon this memory

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack

Variables are stacked upon this memory

Deleted when they run out of scope

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack

Variables are stacked upon this memory

Deleted when they run out of scope
Mostly local variables will be stored here

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Stack

When it run out of memory you will get a stack overflow

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Heap

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Heap

All the memory that is not used by the computer

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Heap

All the memory that is not used by the computer

Mostly pointers will be created on the heap

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

METHODS

Exercise Open laptop

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Class is some kind of an object ( an instance of a class )

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Classes always have

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Classes always have

A constructor

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Classes always have

A constructor
A destructor

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

To create a class we use the keyword new

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

To create a class we use the keyword new

When we use new the constructor of our class will be called

Creating an instance of a textbox class

TextBox* m_txtNamePtr = new TextBox()

Pointer to a textbox object

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Access specifiers

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Access specifiers

Private: only accessible inside the class

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Access specifiers

Private: only accessible inside the class

Public: accessible inside and outside the class

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Access specifiers

Private: only accessible inside the class

Public: accessible inside and outside the class

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Pointers

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Pointers

Created with *

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Pointers

Created with *
Dont forget to also initialize pointers -> m_txtNamePtr(nullptr)

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Pointers

Created with *
Dont forget to also initialize pointers -> m_txtNamePtr(nullptr)

TextBox* m_txtNamePtr

Pointer to a textbox object

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Destruction of an object

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Destruction of an object

Pointers need to be deleted

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Destruction of an object

Pointers need to be deleted

When we dont need our object anymore we call delete on our object

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Destruction of an object

Pointers need to be deleted

When we dont need our object anymore we call delete on our object
Objects that are not deleted create a memory leak

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Destruction of an object

Pointers need to be deleted

When we dont need our object anymore we call delete on our object
Objects that are not deleted create a memory leak
In the destructor of our class we delete our object

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Destruction of an object

Pointers need to be deleted

When we dont need our object anymore we call delete on our object
Objects that are not deleted create a memory leak
In the destructor of our class we delete our object

Main::~Main()
{
delete m_txtNamePtr;
}

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Destruction of an object

Always delete your object inside the class you created it

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Destruction of an object

Always delete your object inside the class you created it to avoid deleting an object
twice

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Destruction of an object

This is the error that will occur when delete is called on an object that is already
deleted

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK

CLASSES AND OBJECTS

Exercise Open laptop

Add 2 existing items Y.cpp and Y.h and rename them to Ball.cpp and Ball.h
Replace the Y with Ball in Ball.cpp and Ball.h (CTRL + H)

CREATED BY DAVE DE BREUCK