Data Communications, Data Networks, and The Internet

Data and Computer
Communications
Ninth Edition
by William Stallings

Chapter 1 Data Communications,
Data Networks, and the Internet
Data and Computer Communications, Ninth
Edition by William Stallings, (c) Pearson
Education - Prentice Hall, 2011
Data Communications, Data
Networks, and the Internet
The fundamental problem of
communication is that of reproducing at
one point either exactly or approximately a
message selected at another point

- The Mathematical Theory of
Communication,
Claude Shannon
Message
Message
Technological Advancement
Driving Forces

Development of
new services

Advances in
technology
Traffic
growth at
a high &
steady
rate
Changes in Networking
Technology
* Emergence of high-speed LANs
* Digital electronics
* Corporate WAN needs

Convergence
The merger of previously distinct telephony
and information technologies and markets
Layers:
applications
these are seen by the end users
enterprise services
services the information network supplies to support
applications
infrastructure
communication links available to the enterprise

Convergence Layers
Benefits
Efficiency
better use of
existing
resources, and
implementation
of centralized
capacity
planning, asset
and policy
management
Effectiveness
the converged
environment
provides users
with flexibility,
rapid
standardized
service
deployment and
enhanced
remote
connectivity
and mobility
Transformation
enables the
enterprise-wide
adoption of
global
standards and
associated
service levels
Convergence benefits include:

Communications Model
Communications Tasks
Transmission system utilization Addressing
Interfacing Routing
Signal generation Recovery

Synchronization Message formatting
Exchange management Security

Error detection and correction Network management
Flow control
Data Communications Model
The basic building block of
any communications facility
is the transmission line.

The business manager is
concerned with a facility
providing the
required capacity,
with acceptable reliability,
at minimum cost.

Capacity
Reliability
Cost
Transmission
Line
Transmission Lines
Two mediums currently driving
the evolution of data communications
transmission are:

and
Networking
Voice Data
Image Video

Advances in technology have led to greatly
increased capacity and the concept of
integration, allowing equipment and
networks to work simultaneously.

LANs and WANs
Local Area Networks (LAN)
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
There are two broad categories
of networks:

Wide Area Networks (WANs)
Span a large geographical area

Require the crossing of public right-of-ways

Rely in part on common carrier circuits

Typically consist of a number of
interconnected switching nodes
Wide Area Networks
Alternative technologies used include:
Circuit switching
Packet switching
Frame relay
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

Circuit Switching
Uses a dedicated communications path
Connected sequence of physical links
between nodes
Logical channel dedicated on each link
Rapid transmission
The most common example of circuit
switching is the telephone network

Packet Switching
Data are sent out in a sequence of small
chunks called packets
Packets are passed from node to node
along a path leading from source to
destination
Packet-switching networks are commonly
used for terminal-to-terminal computer and
computer-to-computer communications

Frame Relay
Developed to take advantage of high data
rates and low error rates
Operates at data rates of up to 2 Mbps
Rate of errors dramatically lowered thus
reducing overhead of packet-switching
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
(ATM)
Referred to as cell relay
Culmination of circuit switching and packet
switching
Uses fixed-length packets called cells
Works in range of 10s and 100s of Mbps
and in the Gbps range
Data rate on each channel dynamically set
on demand

Local Area Networks (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Networks
(MAN)
The Internet
Internet evolved from ARPANET
Developed to solve the dilemma of
communicating across arbitrary, multiple,
packet-switched network
TCP/IP provides the foundation

Internet Key Elements
Internet Architecture
Internet
Terminology

A Networking Configuration
Summary
Trends challenging data communications:
traffic growth
development of new services
advances in technology
Transmission mediums
fiber optic
wireless
Network categories:
WAN
LAN
Internet
evolved from the ARPANET
TCP/IP foundation

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