1

BroadBand Telecom.
Networks Workshop
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Objectives of Workshop
After this session, you will learn:
How to reuse the existing Access Networks for Broadband Services
?
One practical Broad Band Access System DSL
About Upcoming Broadband Systems e.g NGN.
Connectivity of IP Network for DSL
and other Broadband Services (Access & Core)
Configuration of IP Network for DSL
and other Broadband Services
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About this Session
Background Of Telecommunication Networks ?
Requirements of new Access Technology ?
Broadband Technologies
Digital Subscriber Lines-DSL
DSL-What ?
DSL-When ?
DSL-Why ?
DSL-Flavors
DSL Architecture
4

Background Of Telecommunication
Network s?
5
Three Basic layers of Telecommunication Network
Model are:

1. Access Layer

2. Switching and Services Layer (Core Layer)

3. Transport Layer




Building Blocks of Telecommunication Network Model
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1. Access Layer
Represents the network that links the customers to the Switch and
Services Layer.

2. Switching and Services Layer (Core)
Consists of all the Switching Nodes (Local Exchange ,Transit
Exchange etc.)

3. Transport Layer
Represents the links among the nodes and provides the medium and
systems to carry the information from one node to the other.



Building Blocks of Telecommunication Network Model
Contd

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Building Blocks of Telecommunication Network Model
Contd

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What is an Access Network (AN) ?
The access network refers to the part of the
network, connecting the subscriber to the
telecommunication service providing point /
exchange.
It is the last link /last Mile in a network between
the customer premises and the first point of
connection to the Network infrastructure
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Typical Network Construction
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Changes in Trends

Technological Evolution

Demand for High Speed Access

Broad Band Services
Increase in Internet Usage
Increase in demand of bandwidth




Requirements of new Access Technology
What is broadband ?
Broader, wider more bandwidth
More bandwidth than narrow band dial up (56 kbps)
Greater than 128 kbps
Definitions vary from country to country
Higher bandwidths of 256, 512, 1024 kbps and above
Always on
Uses various mediums:
Copper
Coaxial
Wireless (Microwave ,Satellite etc.)
Optical Fiber
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Broadband Technologies
Why Broadband ?
In a Telecommunication Network , last mile or first
mile is most important. It creats bottleneck

Development of bandwidth hungry applications

Convergence of Voice, data and video at one
delivery mechanism

Need for Speed

Growth of
International
Commerce
Increasing
Multimedia
Contents
Increasing Number
of Business Users
and Consumar
Subscribers
New Service
Offerings and
Applications
Higher
Bandwidth
Bandwidth Market Direction
- Spiraling Need for Bandwidth -
Why Broadband ?

Narrow band Services & Broad band Services
Narrow band Services
Voice
Limited Data

Broadband Services
Band width Hungry
Multimedia Services ..Voice + Video + Data



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Narrow band Services & Broad band Services
SPEED !
Broad band Access
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Broad band Access
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Broadband access technologies
Optical Access Network
FTTH: Fiber To The Home
FTTC: Fiber To The Curb
Passive Optical Networks
HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial)

xDSL
HDSL (High rate digital subscriber line)
SDSL (Symmetric digital subscriber line)
ADSL (Asymmetric digital subscriber line)
VDSL (Very high bit rate DSL)
IDSL (ISDN DSL)
UDSL (Ultrahigh bit rate DSL)


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Wireless broadband access
Wireless LAN
WLL (Wireless Local Loop
Microwave Radio Access (WiMax)
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
EDGE ( Enhanced Data GSM or Global Evolution )
CDMA
EVDO


And many many more........
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Broadband access technologies
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Requirement of new Access Technology

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Requirement of new Access Technology


Limitations of Conventional Telecomm. Network
(PSTN,ISDN) in terms of Broadband services
Bandwidth Limitation
Analog Modem Connections are limited to 56K.
Basic Rate ISDN limited to 144 Kbps

Switch Congestion
Voice calls are usually short (say 5 min)
Data calls are usually long (may be 120 mins.)
Flat Charge /Low Charging by ISPs intends users for long
internet usage.

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Applicable to Existing Network
xDSL
Digital Cross Connect (DXX)
ISDN

Requiring new Installations
Optical Fiber
Wireless Local Loop
CATV
Requirement of new Access Technology

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xDIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE-
xDSL ?

25
x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL)
Digital Subscriber Line is an Access technology
that enables broadband data over twisted copper
pairs, opening the most crucial bottleneck in the
todays data stream.
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The three Ws
What ?
Why ?
When ?

x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL)
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DSL uses existing telephone lines
Millions of telephone lines around the world.
DSL can provide data and voice over the same phone line
Users dont need a second line.
DSL provides service providers with the capability to
leverage the existing infrastructure

DSL makes economic sense
Reuse of existing telephone Outside Plants and reduces
the deployment costs and risks
Deployed incrementally without large capital investment.

x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL) What ?
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DSL has many flavors
xDSL is a generic abbreviation for the many flavours of
DSL or DSL Technology.

DSL enables more bandwidth
DSL refers to the technology used between a customers
premises and the telephone company, enabling more
bandwidth over the already installed copper cabling than
user have traditionally had.
One may be able to receive data at rates up to 6.1 Mbps
(millions of bits) per second (of a theoretical 8.448
megabits per second),
x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL) What ?
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Provides a variety of services
Internet Access
Telecommuting (The practice of using telecommunication
technologies to work a site away from office )
Distant learning
On-line gaming
Remote LAN Access
Videoconferencing etc
Continuous transmission of motion video, audio
x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL) What ?
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DSL enables new applications
Services requiring real-time, interactive
multimedia and broadcast-quality video.
Such applications include
Video conferencing
Video-on-demand
IP TV
Many Many More
x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL) What ?
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Transmission speeds are not affected by
other users going on-line
DSL is one customers dedicated line,
Generally transmission speeds are not affected

DSL is "always on"
DSL is always connected - just like a standard telephone.
There is no time wasted in dialing up the service.


x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL) What ?
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Internet
Customer
Premises
6Mbps
DSL
Public Telephone
Network
(
:
Telephone Line
DSL Access
Multiplexer
Central Office
x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL) What ?
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x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL) What ?
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DSL makes use of Huge Investment which has
already been done on Copper

Eliminates the need for upgrades
Unlike competing technologies, DSL eliminates the need
for extensive and expensive infrastructure upgrades

DSL bridges gap between latest technologies and
copper
DSL is the best Choice to bridge the gap between the
latest bandwidth hungry applications and the already
cheaply available copper cable ,
x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL) Why ?
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Saving of time is essential .

High Data rates are required.

Revenue Saving is desired .

Unmet broadband demand is to be met.

Growing Traffic needs are to be satisfied.

Alternate to insufficient optical fiber deployment is
required.


x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL) When ?
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How does DSL technology achieve
information rates in the millions of
bits per second over those same
copper loops?


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The answer is simple
As most speech energy lay in the frequency
range below 3500 Hz. Thus, for faithful
reproduction of speech, only a narrow range of
frequencies (0-3500 Hz), needs to be
transmitted. The telephone networks are
designed to pass frequencies in the range 300
3400 Hz.DSL uses a much broader range of
frequencies than the voice channel . Thus
,eliminating the 3,400-Hz boundary and using all
bandwidth of underutilized copper .
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xDSL modems take advantage of the spectrum
above the telephone audio channel.

DSL increases data rates by greatly increasing the
frequency range of the communication signal (from about
10KHz to over 1.0MHz).

To do this they require the installation of special
equipment at the central office and customer premise


x Digital Subscriber Lines (x DSL)
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Frequency Range of Copper Line
4 kHz to 1.1 MHz - ADSL Data 300 Hz to 3.3 kHz - Analog Voice
Frequency Range
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xDSL-Flavors
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Asymmetric DSL
Symmetric DSL
xDSL-Flavors
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Asymmetric DSL
Why it is called Asymmetric DSL ?
faster downstream rate vs. upstream rate.

Applications
Web-browsing, IP TV , Video on demand (VoD)

Asymmetric DSL and Derived Types
1 ADSL
2 Universal ADSL (UDSL), G.Lite or DSL Lite
3 Rate-Adaptive DSL (RADSL)
4 Very High Bit-rate DSL (VDSL)
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Why it is called Symmetric DSL?
Downstream & upstream rates are equal

Applications
Office type applications like Video conferencing

Types
High bit-rate DSL (HDSL)
Single-pair HDSL (SHDSL)
ISDN DSL (ISDL)
Symmetric DSL
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Few key differences
1 Speed
How much data can be sent or received in a certain amount of
time ?(bit rate)

2 Line Coding
How the information is encoded and sent on the line ?

3 Number of Lines
What are the requirements in terms of twisted pairs ?

4 Reach
How many feet/meters the signal can reliably travel ?

Differences in different flavors /variants of DSL
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Asymmetric DSL and Derived Types
Asymmetric DSL and Derived Types

ADSL

Universal ADSL (UDSL), G.Lite or DSL Lite

Rate-Adaptive DSL (RADSL)

Very High Bit-rate DSL (VDSL)

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Why it is called ADSL ?
ADSL is called "asymmetric" because most of its two-way
bandwidth is devoted to the downstream direction i.e sending data
to the user.

Data Rate and Reach
Only a small portion of bandwidth is available for upstream or
user-interaction messages. Using ADSL, up to 6.1 Mbps of data can
be sent downstream and up to 640 Kbps upstream

The data rate of ADSL is highly dependent upon the distance from
Central Office (CO) to the Consumer Premises

ADSL is designed to co exist with a regular phone line (phone
operates at frequencies up to 4 KHz). ADSL will extend out to
18,000 ft, but its ideal rates only operate out to 9,000 ft.
Speeds and distances based on good pair

ADSL
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Advantages
Well suited to residential application.
Peacefully co-exists with current phone service.
It has large downstream data capacity
ADSL (like most flavors of xDSL) is always connected

Disadvantages
For Large business upstream data rates are often just
as important as downstream ,which would make ADSL a
poor choice
Data rates also suffer dramatically as line length
increases.
ADSL
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ADSL
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To create multiple channels ,ADSL Modem
divide the available bandwidth of a
telephone line by using Frequency Division
Multiplexing (FDM).

By FDM , ADSL splits off a 4 kHz region
for basic telephone service at the lower end
of the band. One band is used for upstream
and one band for downstream is assigned.



ADSL (Operation)
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ADSL Spectrum - FDM
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DSL Lite, Splitter less ADSL or UADSL (Universal ADSL)

A derivative of ADSL technology
ITU-T Standard
UADSL is Output of Universal ADSL Working Group (UAWG)

Slower version
provides a data rate of 1.544 Mbps downstream and from 128
Kbps to 384 Kbps upstream.

Simpler Hardware design
Because of the lower bit rate, hardware design for G.Lite is
easier

Type of Asymmetric DSL- G.Lite
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No Splitter Required
Where wiring in the home is old or done poorly,the voice
and data signals can interfere with each other .In those
cases ,small Micro Filters are placed on each phone line
in the house.
Higher noise levels can be tolerated, eliminating the
need for a POTS splitter.

Cost effective solution as no splitter required

Types of Asymmetric DSL- G.Lite
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The (3) Divided Segments of G.Lite
The 0 to 4 kilohertz (KHz) range is used for POTS

The 20 KHz to 130 KHz range is used to transmit
data upstream

The 140 KHz to 550 KHz range is used to transmit
data downstream

Types of Asymmetric DSL- G.Lite
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G.Lite DMT Spectrum
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RADSL (Rate Adaptive DSL )

By dynamically decreasing or increasing the bit-
rate ,rate adaptive technology uses the optimal
speed for the Line.

Modem periodically assesses line quality and adjust
transmission rate

Generally used to extend reach of systems to areas
that are far from the central office.


Types of Asymmetric DSL- RADSL
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Operates over single twisted-pair copper loop

Downstream: 1 to 12 Mbps

Upstream: 0.128 to 1 Mbps.

In summary RADSL gives flexibility to adapt to
the changing conditions and adjust the speeds in
each direction to potentially maximize the
throughput on each line.



Types of Asymmetric DSL- RADSL
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VDSL (Very high bit rate DSL)

Data rates: Up to 52 Mbps (13, 26, or up to 52 ) in
one direction and 2 Mbps in the other

Meets businesses and residences with broadband
access requirements over a Fiber-To-The-Curb
(FTTC) network.

Ultra High Speed data access such as Streaming
video possible.


Types of Asymmetric DSL- VDSL
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VDSL Network
Type of Asymmetric DSL- VDSL
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Symmetric DSL and Derived Types
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Symmetric DSL

Why it is called Symmetric DSL?
Downstream & upstream rates are equal

Applications
office type applications like Video conferencing

Types
High bit-rate DSL (HDSL)
Single-pair HDSL (SHDSL)
ISDN DSL (ISDL)
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HDSL (High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line)

1.544/2.048 Mbits bi-directional service

Matured and cheaper type of DSL .

Developed in late 1980s as an alternative to T1/E1 standards .

Initially T1/E1 lines were developed and deployed for high speed data
transmission.

They are dedicated lines where there is always a connection between the
end user and the service provider.

A leased T1 /E1 line has customarily been quite expensive.
Type of Symmetric xDSL-HDSL
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Types of Symmetric xDSL-HDSL
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HDSL was designed to automatically compensate for line
conditions.

HDSL uses Duplex transmission sending data bi-directionally
against T1/E1 which uses Simplex Transmission

HDSL transceivers can transmit a 2.048 Mbps data signal
over two, 0.5mm, twisted wire pair loops at a distance of up
to 4.2 km without the need for repeaters



Types of Symmetric xDSL-HDSL
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Types of Symmetric xDSL-HDSL
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HDSL is designed to run at the same bit rate as a
T1/E1 line (1.544/2.048 Mbps) and it uses the same
number of lines, but it can achieve this same bit
rate on less expensive lines over a greater distance.

To do this, it sends a half rate signal (784/1040
kbps) on each line.


Types of Symmetric xDSL-HDSL
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Types of Symmetric xDSL-HDSL
Advantages
Matured and proven technology.
Very easy and economical to install.
Having decent transfer rate in both directions at
1.544/2.048 Mbps (784/1040 kbps x 2).

Dis-advantages
Requires two twisted pairs of wires to operate

High deployment cost for service providers.

Slightly slower in speed than other forms of DSL,

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Types of Symmetric DSL- SHDSL
SHDSL (Single-pair HDSL)

Single twisted pair of wires is used.

This helps to drive the cost of a system down.

Having transfer rate in both directions at
1.544/2.048 Mbps .

SHDSL supports repeaters ,which further
increases the reach capability



It can be used to provide variety of rates between
192 Kbps and 2.312Mbps and can extend 5.5 km @
256 Kbps.

Ideally suited to SOHO market

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Types of Symmetric DSL- SHDSL
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IDSL (ISDN Digital Subscriber Line).

IDSL provides DSL technology over existing ISDN lines.

Even though the transfer rates for IDSL are about the
same as ISDN (144kbps v. 128kbps), and IDSL circuits can
only carry data (not voice), the major benefits of switching
to IDSL from ISDN are

Always-on connections, as opposed to dial-up, thus eliminating call
setup delays;
Transmission of data over the data network, rather than the PSTN.
Types of Symmetric DSL- IDSL
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DSL Reaches and Rates
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Comparing Access Technologies
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DSL Architecture
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DSL Central Office Components
DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer)

Aggregates traffic from multiple DSL Modems
and combine it into higher speeds before sending
it to the Internet or data network.

It is a mechanism at a phone Companys central
location that links many DSL customers
(Connections) to a single high speed Data Line

DSLAMs are generally flexible and able to
support multiple types of DSL in a central office
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DSL customer Terminates individual subscriber line and
integrates it into the telephone and data networks.

Multiple DSLAMs are further connected to B-RAS
(Broad band Remote Access server) and hence to
Internet Cloud.

Splitters and filters are also located at the telephone
company equipment.

Modern DSLAMs support
Multiple DSL transmission types
ADSL, SDSL, etc
Different protocol
Different modulation techniques




DSL Central Office Components
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DSL Central Office Components
DSLAM
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Splitter / Filters
Separates the low frequency voice signals from the high
frequency data signals.
If we will not install the DSL splitter on our telephone
line, the phone line signals can interfere with DSL
modem. And we can face noise, low speed data or service
break down.



DSL Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)
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DSL Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)
DSL Modem
Couples DSL to PC or Ethernet Equipment

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PSTN
IP /ATM
Internet
Subscriber Premises
DSLAM
Less than 18,000 ft. --
Local Loop
Splitter
PC with DSL Modem
Central Office
Low
Frequencies
High
Frequencies
Network Topology DSL Connection With Splitter
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Network Diagram of DSL
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DSL Coding Techniques
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Coding Techniques for xDSL
Many approaches have developed as a means
of encoding data on to xDSL Circuits

The Commonly used modulations are
Discrete MultiTone Modulation (DMT)

Carrierless Amplitude Phase Modulation (CAP)

Quadrature with Phase Modulation (QAM)
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Line Coding Techniques for ADSL

Discrete MultiTone Modulation (DMT)
Used in Industries
DMT uses multiple narrowband Carriers ,
DMT systems divide the frequency band into 256 sub
carriers with the standard 4.3125 kHz bandwidth.
32 of these channels are reserved for upstream data.
All Carriers transmitting simultaneously in a parallel
transmission mode
Each of these carriers carries a portion of the
information being transmitted

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DMT Spectrum
Line Coding Techniques for ADSL
These carriers can be independently modulated
Current Version of DSL
VDSL: Broadband To The Home
Central Office
VDSL
VDSL
FTTC
VDSL
VDSL
.
.
.
Copper
C
o
p
p
e
r

FTTB
VDSL
VDSL
Street Cabinet
Reach over copper: 300m - 2Km
Data rates: Up to 52 Mbps
Symmetric and Asymmetric
operation
PTCL Announcing Bandwidth (DSL) Data Rate Up to 50 Mbps
Using VDSL2 Bonding Technology
PTCL has become the 1st operator in the world to use
VDSL2 Bonding technology to provide to its bandwidth
hungry DSL customers with Bandwidth up to 50 Mbps on its
existing Copper network.
VDSL2 Bonding takes two copper based lines per subscriber
and aggregates them to almost double the bandwidth speed
available to the existing customers and also expands high
speed broadband access to areas that are underserved
today. Using VDSL2 Bonding technology, service providers
can extend the life of their existing copper infrastructure
supporting the delivery of bandwidth intensive services such
as Triple play service, data and IPTV.
90
PTCL Announcing Bandwidth (DSL) Data Rate Up to
50 Mbps
91

THANKS
92

Picture Abhi baqi ha
mery Dost.
NGN is based on standard protocols and packet switching network
In broad sense
NGN refers to integrated network that adopts new technologies
extensively, focuses on IP, and provides voice, data, and multimedia
service at the same time.
In narrow sense
NGN refers to the Open , Integrated and Distributed network that
employs soft switch at the control layer

What is Next Generation Networks (NGN ) ?

Voice+ Data
+Video
Video

What is Next Generation Networks (NGN ) ?

Conventional Network

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And
I want to protect existing SDH transmission investment
I want to keep current access layer architecture
Switches are aged .Legacy Switch is designed for Speech .
Data Traffic is increasing day by day. Networks are going to
be complex and need to be consolidated

What shall I do?
Limitations of Conventional Network

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NGN will fully replace the TDM network
owing :
technical advances
cost savings
long term revenue generation

The market and technology is mature for
the large scale deployment of NGN

Many operators are taking positive
actions



NGN is Ready Now
NGN is Ready Now
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Competitive NGN
equipment price
Standardization of
NGN protocols
Maturity and Openness
of NGN services
Settlement of
QoS/Security problems
More and more commercial
NGN applications worldwide
More successful
interoperability test
NGN is Ready Now
Signaling
Module
Trunk Module User
Access Module
Expanded Services

SoftSwitch
Trunk Media
Gateways
Signaling
Gateway
Comparison of Circuit switching in TDM Switch Model
and Packet switching in NGN Model
Access Media
Gateway
CPU
Switching Array
Intelligent Network (SCP)
IP Core
IP Network
Multimedia PC
Multimedia PC
Initially, PC to PC voice calls over
the Internet
PSTN

TMG
Gateway for Media &
Signaling
PSTN

TMG
Gateway for Media &
Signaling
Public Switched Telephone
Network
Gateways allow PCs
to also reach phones
or phones to reach phones
Hybrid Networks
Four Layers Model of NGN

1. Edge Access Layer

2. Core Switching Layer

3. Network Control Layer

4. Service Management Layer


Next Generation Networks NGN
(Architecture of NGN)

103
Four Layers Model of NGN
104
Soft Switch Interfaces and Protocols

MRS
IAD AMG
TMG
SG
Heart Beat
SIGTRAN
H.248
MGCP
MGCP/SIP/H.323
EPhone
SIP
SIP
H.323
MML/SNMP/CORBA
Network management
FTP
BC (Billing center )
Soft switch
SoftSwitch
H.323
SCP
APP Server

Service Layer
Control layer
Access Layer
Other Network
105
Any comments or
questions?
Thank you !