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Lecture 5: Modular Programming (Functions - Part 1: BJ Furman 27FEB2012

Modular programming breaks programs into smaller pieces called functions or modules. Functions allow code to be reused, developed independently, and make programs more manageable. The lecture explains the structure of functions in C including the function header with return type and parameters, statements within the function body, and returning values. It provides examples of writing functions and calling them from main. Structuring programs into header and source code files with functions promotes modularity and reuse.

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Harshit Kapadia
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66 views21 pages

Lecture 5: Modular Programming (Functions - Part 1: BJ Furman 27FEB2012

Modular programming breaks programs into smaller pieces called functions or modules. Functions allow code to be reused, developed independently, and make programs more manageable. The lecture explains the structure of functions in C including the function header with return type and parameters, statements within the function body, and returning values. It provides examples of writing functions and calling them from main. Structuring programs into header and source code files with functions promotes modularity and reuse.

Uploaded by

Harshit Kapadia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 5: Modular

Programming (functions
part 1
BJ Furman
27FEB212
Learning !"#ecti$es

E%plain t&e concept of modular program design

E%plain t&e concept of a function in '

E%plain (&) functions are important in programming

E%plain t&e structure of a function

*eturn data t)pe

Parameters

+ppl) t&e concept of a function to a practical pro"lem

E%plain &o( larger ' programs s&ould "e structured


using ,& and ,c files
Modular Programming

Brea- a large pro"lem into smaller pieces

.maller pieces sometimes called /modules0 or


/su"routines0 or /procedures0 or functions

1&)2

3elps manage comple%it)

.maller "loc-s of code

Easier to read

Encourages re4use of code

1it&in a particular program or across different programs

+llo(s independent de$elopment of code

Pro$ides a la)er of /a"straction0


a = sqrt(9.0);
Functions

5&e /"uilding "loc-s0 of a ' program

6ou0$e used predefined functions alread):

main(7

printf(78 scanf(78 po((7

9ser4defined functions

6our o(n code

:n com"ination (it& predefined functions


Functions 4 Mat&ematical ;ie(
3 2 ) (
2
+ + =

x x x f
11 is ) 2 (
11 3 4 4 3 ) 2 ( 2 ) 2 ( ) 2 (
2
f
f

+ + + +
f(2)? is What
) ( x f
2 11
X
Function
Returned
value
Functions 4 <efinition .tructure

Function =&eader=

*eturn data t)pe


(if an)7

>ame

<escripti$e

+rguments (or
parameter list7

>otice: data t)pe and


name

.tatements

;aria"le declaration

!perations

*eturn $alue (if an)7


type function_name (type arg1, type arg2 )

state!ents?
"
double product(double x, double y)
{
double result;
result = x * y;
return result;
}
+ function t&at calculates t&e product of t(o num"ers
Functions 4 E%ample

Function prototype

Li-e a $aria"le declaration

5ells compiler t&at t&e function (ill


"e defined later

3elps detect program errors

>ote semicolon@@

Function definition

.ee pre$ious slide

>ote8 >! semicolon

Function return

return statement terminates


e%ecution of t&e current function

'ontrol returns to t&e calling


function

if return expression;

t&en $alue of expression is


returned as t&e $alue of t&e function
call

!nl) one $alue can "e returned t&is


(a)

Function call

main() is t&e =calling function=

product() is t&e =called function=

'ontrol transferred to t&e function


code

'ode in function definition is


e%ecuted
#include <stdio.h>
* !unction prototype *
double product(double x, double y);
int main()
{
double "ar# = $.%, "ar& = '.%;
double ans;
ans = product("ar#, "ar&);
print!(("ar# = ).&!*n(
("ar& = ).&!*n(,"ar#,"ar&);
print!(("ar#*"ar& = )+*n(, ans);
}
* !unction de!inition *
double product(double x, double y)
{
double result;
result = x * y;
return result;
}
Function 4 Practice 1

1rite a function
named =sum=

sums t(o
integers

returns t&e sum

2 min, on )our
o(n

.&are (it&
neig&"or
#teps
1. Function header
A return data t)pe
A function name
A argument list (it& data t)pes
2. Statements in function definition
A $aria"le declaration
A operations
A return $alue
Function 4 sum(7
int sum,int(int x, int y)
{
int result;
result = x - y;
return result;
}
Functions t&at do not return a $alue

9se t&e return t)pe of $oid

$oid m)Bfun( argBlist8C7

Practice

1rite t(o functions8 t&e first prints out first


name8 and t&e second prints out last name
Function 4 Practice 2

Program to print out t(o


&app) :7 :7 or sad faces :(
:(

'ontinuousl) prompts for


user input:

7 for &app) face

( for sad face

Duits if =E= or =D= entered

calls t(o functions

&app)Bface(7

sadBface(7

1or- in pairs

Pseudocode $irst%%

<i$ide tas-s of (riting


t&e t(o functions
#teps
1. Pseudocode for program logic
2. Function header
A return data t)pe (if an)7
A function name
A argument list (it& data t)pes (if an)7
3. Statements in function definition
A $aria"le declaration (if an)7
A operations
A return $alue
Program 4 Faces logic

Pseudocode
1, <eclare and initialiFe $aria"les
2, 13:LE user input not eEual to E +>< not eEual to D
17 .(itc& on user input to
27 'ase =7/:
call &app)Bface(7?
"rea-?
57 'ase =(/:
call sadBface(7?
"rea-?
G7 'ase /E0:
77 'ase /D0:
&rea';
H7 'ase /0:
I7 <efault:
re4prompt for user input
Program 4 Faces code
.tructuring ' Programs

ModulariFation

Brea-ing a program up into smaller pieces:

:nstead of:

oneB"igBprogram,c

"rea- into groupings of &eader files (,&7 and source code (,c7 files:

module,#.h

module,#.c

etc.

*ationale

separates t&e user-interface description (,&7 from t&e nitt)4


gritt) details of implementation (,c7

5&e +pplication Programming :nterface (+P:78 t&e ,& file8 is


distinct from t&e implementation8 t&e ,c file ((&ic& ma) alread)
"e compiled and not readil) $ie(ed7

E%ample: mat&,& from '&

can construct and test modules independentl)

promotes re4use of code


E%ample: mat&,& used in '&

.ee ':J '& J include J mat&,&

<eclaration of constants

#de!ine .,/0 $.#1#'2&3'$'4252$&$413

<eclaration of macro su"situtions

#de!ine is+reater(x, y) ((x)>(y))

<eclaration of glo"al $aria"les (caution@7

Function protot)pes

extern double sin(double x);

Pertinent comments
*e$ie(
.tructured Programming

+ll programs can "e (ritten using t&ese


control structures:

.eEuence

<ecision (t&ree structures7

:F

:F4EL.E

.1:5'3

*epetition (t&ree structures7

13:LE

<!413:LE

F!*
.tructure of a ' program

E%, !ree,!all,d,"s,time.c
' 'ode for <K< L,15c
(rogra!!er)s &loc'
(re*processor directive
+eclare and initiali,e
varia&les
-.ile loop
(repetition structure)
/ain $unction (state!ents go &et0een " )
return state!ent
+rit&metic (it& :ntegers and Mi%ed <ata 5)pes

+rit&metic (it& integers

*esult is an integer

1M1 44N 2

OJ2 44N 2

2JO 44N 2 BE '+*EF9L@@@

+rit&metic (it& mi%ed data t)pes

+utomatic con$ersion of operand so t&at data t)pes matc&

'on$ersion is /up(ard0 in t&e siFeof(7 sense

E%ample in '&
char a = 5;
si6eo!(a);
double b=$;
si6eo!(b);
print!((a-b == )l! and needs )d bytes*n (, a-b,
si6eo!(a-b));
*eferences

Modular Programming in '


&ttp:JJ(((,icosaedro,itJc4modules,&tml

mat&,&
&ttp:JJ(((,opengroup,orgJonlinepu"sJ7
IH7IIJ%s&Jmat&,&,&tml

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