Smart Grid Project

Bratislava, 27th May 2008

Sandra Scalari

ENEL Research Technical Area
Uso: Aziendale
2

Its aim is to formulate and promote a vision for the development
of Europes electricity networks looking towards 2020 and beyond,
driving European and national research.

European SmartGrids Technology Platform
Uso: Aziendale
3
Why Distributed Generation should increase ?
Higher efficiency in energy conversion, due to Distributed
production of heat and electricity (CHP plants)
Renewable energy sources exploitation, which are intrinsically
Reduction of transmission and distribution costs, although this
depends on DG location
Modularity of DG Technologies, that is expected reduction of costs
due to a scale factor
Improvement in reliability and quality of supply, depending on
possible improvement of DG and network operation
Adoption of targets by national and international governs and
authorities, to support RES and CHP development
Possibility of open and competitive markets, end-user oriented




Uso: Aziendale
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Present barriers to DG exploitation
High technology costs

Existing distribution network are not designed and/or operated to
support DG integration, new criteria and rules have to be defined

Ancillary services for DG are not fully recognized




DG success is related to the development of Smart Grids.
Active distribution grids with widespread integration of small
size generators and distributed intelligence, able to support
end users interactivity with market and grid operators




Uso: Aziendale
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Responding to new needs
User-centric approach: increased interest in electricity market
opportunities, flexible demand, micro generation,

Electricity networks renewal and innovation: efficient asset
management, increasing degree of automation,

Security of supply: diversification of energy sources, promotion of
renewable energy sources, increase network capacity, higher
reliability and quality,..

Liberalized markets: opportunities for developing new products
and services, ..



Uso: Aziendale
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From today to tomorrow: Grid Evolution
From traditional grids

To grids of tomorrow
Large Generation Stations
Centralized control
Unidirectional power flows
Regional power flow capacity
Limited interaction with loads
Extensive small distributed generation
Coordinated local energy management
Bidirectional power flows
Cross border trading of power and grid
services
Flexible DSM and customer-driven
added services
Uso: Aziendale
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Key elements of the vision: what we need
A toolbox of proven technical
solution
Harmonized regulatory and
commercial frameworks
Shared technical standards and
protocols
Information, computing and
telecommunication systems
Interfacing of new and old
design, that is interoperability
of equipments
Uso: Aziendale
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Transition towards Smart Grids
The transition from current distribution networks towards Smart Grids will pass
through three significant succeeding steps. During this transition the focus will
pass from energy value to information value
Active Network: medium voltage grids with a strong penetration of distributed generation; this
generation is directly controlled from DSO, depending on network power flows.
Micro-Grid: low voltage grids with renewable source generation and storage systems; the grid can
be island operated and emergency connected to the main grid.
Virtual utilities: internet like grids where energy is locally generated but negotiated among
producers and consumers according to a price signal.
Uso: Aziendale
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Enel Distribution Network
Medium Voltage
2000 Primary Substations (HV/MV)
334.000 km
87.500 MVA

Low Voltage
345.000 Secondary Substations (MV/LV)
725.000 km
65.700 MVA

Uso: Aziendale
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Enel Environment and Innovation Project:
Smart Grid Project
Objective:
Development and Experimentation of innovative solutions for a strong penetration
of distributed generation from renewable sources in distribution grids, according to
the European SmartGrids Technology Platform guidelines.

Responsibilities:
Distribution
Grid Models
MV grid control and
protection systems
MV grid communication
systems

Research Technical Area
Generator Models
Generator Control Systems



Field Tests
Uso: Aziendale
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Project Phases
Optimized Management of
Grids with bidirectional
power flows
Active Grids
Smart Grids
Well-established Technologies
Innovative Technologies
Advanced Technologies

Research will support the most innovative part of well-established
technologies and will develop medium and long time term projects
supporting involved operating units.

Uso: Aziendale
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First Phase: Optimized Management of Actual Grids
Objectives:
To manage distribution grids with
high penetration of DG, avoiding
generation detachment for single
protection intervention
To allow a major penetration of
distributed generation
To increase system reliability
Control
Centre
Transmission Grid (HV)
Distribution
Grid (MV)
Uso: Aziendale
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Second phase: Active Grids
Objectives:
To allow island operation
To manage generation and load
balancing
To manage separation and parallel
with other grids
To improve grid access
To increase grid availability
Control
Centre
Transmission Grid (HV)
Distribution
Grid (MV)
Uso: Aziendale
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Third phase: Smart Grid (DMS)
Objectives:
To allow production dispatchment
To allow demand response and
demand side management
To promote the development of an
energy market
To allow energy network
integration (Gas and electricity)
To allow grid services exchange
Uso: Aziendale
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Mathematical Models
Laboratory tests

Knowledge and personnel
Availability of Complementary competences
Strong team work vocation and application of scientific knowledge
Research and Universities Cooperation
University will support Enel Research in the most innovative
aspects of the project and in the development of medium
and long time projects: it will actively cooperate to the
experimental tests.
The main cooperation areas will be:


University and Research can rely on:
6 Electrical Engineering Departments :
BOLOGNA, CAGLIARI, GENOVA, NAPOLI, PADOVA, PISA
Uso: Aziendale
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Completamento
autorizzazioni per
sottorete BT

Progettazione matrice di
prove per rete prototipale
Progettazione e
specificazione rete e
dispositivi BT

Acquisizione componenti
infrastruttura
Realizzazione
infrastruttura
sperimentale
Avviamento ed
integrazione sistemi
Avvio procedure per
acquisizione sistemi BT

Sperimentazione della
rete attiva MT




Simulazione Rete di
riferimento MT/BT
Progettazione
funzionalit e gestione
DMS per la reti smart
MT/BT


Acquisizioni e
integrazione sistemi BT


Sperimentazione della
rete attiva MT

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Autorizzazione costruzione
infrastruttura sperimentale

Progettazione esecutiva
infrastruttura sperimentale
Simulazione gestione rete
attiva
Progettazione funzionalit
e gestione DMS per la reti
attive

Acquisizione componenti
infrastruttura
Apertura cantiere per
infrastruttura sperimentale
Avvio procedure per
completamento forniture

Commissioning e prove su
sistemi acquisiti
Sperimentazione
strumentazione e
comunicazione
Permissions Project
Construction
and
commissioning
Experimental
Activity




Integrazione reti
MT/BT



Sperimentazione della
rete attiva MT/BT
Business plan approval
and first bureaucratic
procedures
Test network definiton
Test Facility first design
Test facility Components
identifcation
SW tools acquisition
Instrumentation Acquisition
Smart Grid: 2007-2011 Development Plan
Uso: Aziendale
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Smart Grid: Macro Activities
1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS
2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY
3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS
4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM
5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS
6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS)
7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES
Uso: Aziendale
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General objectives
To define the project vision, the fundamental concepts and the system architecture.
To develop the necessary tools to support all project phases through numerical
simulations.

Notes
The definition of one ore more simulation environments allows:
Exchange of simulation configurations
Sharing of data and results among the project partecipants

2007-2008 Activity
Topology and data identification of test network
Identification and acquisition of simulation environments
Development, integration and test of component models


Modeling and Simulation Analysis (1)

Uso: Aziendale
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Development and use of simulation tools to
support all steps of the project has initiated

The chosen reference network is a typical
distribution MV grid, working in radial mode
with the possibility of connections. It includes:
Feeders departing from one HV/MV substation
Distributed Generators (DG)
Implementation of the Smart Grid model of
Livorno site is almost completed
Modeling and Simulation Analysis (2)
Reference Network
Uso: Aziendale
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Adopted Software Platforms :
DIgSilent Power Factory: for the steady-
state phenomena analysis
EMTP-RV: for the fast transition phenomena
analysis
Developed models:
Gas turbine and wind generator
Static VAR compensator
Dynamic loads
Lines, protections and substations

Developed DMS and EMS functions:
Generation curtailment
Load shedding
Voltage and power control strategies with
coordinated behaviour of generation units
Power Quality indexes calculation
Modeling and Simulation Analysis (3)
Reference Network
Uso: Aziendale
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Smart Grid: Macro Activities
1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS
2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY
3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS
4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM
5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS
6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS)
7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES
Uso: Aziendale
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Smart Grid Test Facilities (1)
General Objectives
To verify the feasibility of developed solution on real distribution networks, along all project
phases

Notes
This activity includes:
Design and development of Livorno Experimental Area
All activities related to test of innovative instrumentation, communication rigs
Integration of developed solutions on real Distribution networks

2007-2008 Activities
Design, authorization plan, components acquisition for Livorno Experimental Area
Design, acquisition and first application of measurement tools and instruments

Uso: Aziendale
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Smart Grid Test Facility (2)
Experimental issues:
Management of balance including
independent thermal and electric loads
Operation in intentional islanding and
connected to public network
Study and development of control and
interface systems
Study of storage and a compensation
systems with power and quality functions
Study and development of protection
systems for low short circuit power systems
Development of grid operation and control
systems
Test and development of communication
systems
The Smart Grid experimental area realization is in progress in the
Research Experimental Area of Livorno, Italy
Uso: Aziendale
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Smart Grid Test Facility (3)
The test facility includes:
A dispatching 15kV panel, including two
sections to allow the configuration of a MV
feeder with different topologies, up to four
nodes.
A connection to MV public grid through the
upstream grid emulation system and island
switchgear
Cable and over-head line emulators
An electrical test area with several
generation systems
A thermal test area for load emulation
A test facility with a low voltage active grid
connected with the Smart Grid
Uso: Aziendale
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Smart Grid Test Facility (4)
Medium/Low Voltage Active Grid Prototype
Uso: Aziendale
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Distributed architecture for different types of
instruments:
Standards instruments : commercial CT and VT
High-performance instruments : Fluke family
Prototypal customer instruments : CRIO
National Instruments

Instrument Applications:
Monitoring and control of the main electrical
measurements at the network nodes
Determination of the parameters to define
Power Quality indexes
Developing innovative tools for the analysis,
management and control of active networks
Voltage measurements in order to develop
synchro phasors analysis
Instrumentation for control and power quality
Smart Grid Test Facility (5)
Uso: Aziendale
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Smart Grid: Macro Activities
1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS
2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY
3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS
4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM
5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS
6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS)
7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES
Uso: Aziendale
28
Distribuited Generation Systems (1)
The research themes, which will be validated first in the simulation
environment and then on the field, are:
Dispersed generation modeling for the evaluation of coordinated
behavior of generation units, with following integration on a real
operated grid.
Voltage control strategies on MV active network, to be implemented in
generator control systems.
Integrated management of network resources, deriving some concepts
from HV secondary regulation. Test will be undertaken in critical
conditions, both connected to the grid and in islanding mode.

Smart Grid MV Generation units: Generation types were chosen
according to current distributed generation parks.
A conventional generation system (1MWe) consisting of an internal
combustion motor and a co-generation system.
A gas turbine based generation system (about 650 kWe) and a tri-
generative system, including a boiler and an absorption chiller.
Two Fuel Cell generation system (250 and 500 kWe), based on different
technologies
Uso: Aziendale
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Low Voltage Grid Components
Low Voltage Generation Systems:
Micro Grid test facility
Wide spectrum of market available
technologies:
Photovoltaic Panels
Mini Wind Generators
Small Domestic cogeneration
systems
Fuel Cells

Generator size:10 100 kW.

Low Voltage Grid Loads:
Real loads, such as a smart house
loads
Load emulation for developing a nd
testing of advanced load management
Uso: Aziendale
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Smart Grid: Macro Activities
1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS
2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY
3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS
4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM
5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS
6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS)
7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES
Uso: Aziendale
31
Aims of the Project:
To identify storage systems typologies and
accommodation, according to their capacity
and use.
Storage and Static VAR Compensator System (1)
Storage system
Uso: Aziendale
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Aims of the Project:
Conceive storage systems functions,
size and position.
Improve the management of the grid.
Improve the quality of the service.
Research and Experimental s Themes:
Development, implementation and test of the following services:
Power and energy transfer
Slow voltage regulation and rephasing
Emergency
Active filtering
Ramp
Fast voltage regulation and rephasing
Short-time interruptions and voltage holes coverage

Storage and Static VAR Compensator System (2)
Static VAR Compensator System
Uso: Aziendale
33
Power Quality Service
Case of study: 1MW load and a 1MVA compensator.
The transient reported shows the tripping of the mains at t=0.7s, the re-
synchronisation at t=1.7s, a step in the voltage reference Vrf0 at t=2.5s
and a step in the frequency reference f0 at t=3.5s.
time [s]
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-250
0
250
500
750
1000
P [kW]
Q [kvar]
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-250
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
time [s]
Q [kvar]
P [kW]
Fig. 3. Inverter real and reactive power.
Fig. 4. Mains supplied real and reactive power.
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-250
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
time [s]
P [kW]
Q [kvar]
Fig. 5. Load real and reactive power
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
48.5
49
49.5
50
50.5
time [s]
[Hz]
Fig. 6. Inverter terminal frequency
Storage and Static VAR Compensator System (3)
Static VAR Compensator System
Uso: Aziendale
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Smart Grid: Macro Activities
1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS
2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY
3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS
4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM
5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS
6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS)
7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES
Uso: Aziendale
35
Emulated Systems (1)
Electrical Load Emulators
The research activity will afford themes related to load estimation, modelling
techniques and load control policies.
As it will be necessary to reply different load trends, according to network
power level, an emulation load system will be employed.
Through a proper controlled inverter system it will be possible to reproduce
active and reactive load power profiles for an amount of about 2MW.
Thermal Load Emulators
The availability of thermal emulation system is essential to dissipate the
thermal power produced by co/tri-generative systems, in an independent way of
real available thermal users.
This system will allow the modulation of the cold/warm load request in order
to control generators in different ways (thermal or electrical load follow modes).
Thermal load profiles will be reproduced to simulate the real behaviour of this
type of systems when they are connected to a real heating/conditioning
network.
Uso: Aziendale
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Electrical Generation Units Emulators
The size and the urban location of the test facility do not allow the installation of
renewable generation such as wind park.
This type of electrical generation will be emulated through controlled inverter
systems; these will allow the reproduction of different generation profiles and the
emulation of the control system too.
Electrical Grid and Line Emulators
In order to test a variable topology network some devices could vary total
impedance of MV electrical lines or of the upstream network.
Through the network emulator the feeding condition of the experimental
network could be varied respect to the upstream primary station.
The dispatching panel, together with the protection and lines emulation
system, will set up a MV feeder, emulating over-head and underground
lines for an amount of about 30 km.
Emulated Systems (2)
Uso: Aziendale
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Smart Grid: Macro Activities
1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS
2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY
3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS
4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM
5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS
6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS)
7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES
Uso: Aziendale
38
Maintenance of adequate voltage profiles
Management of protections systems
Control of power conversion systems
SCADA and Distribution Management System (DMS) (1)
Network stability
Dispatching of different resources
Management of power quality
Providing of ancillary services
The research project objectives:
Guidelines for the DG integration in the planning of electricity networks, including protection
devices and related control system
Identification of innovative HW/SW tools to develop new network management criteria
Criteria for integrated management of generators and loads
Criteria for establishment of a MV dispatching system
Identification and valorization of ancillary services
Today and future issues for MV network management
Evolution from control and supervision to integrated management
Uso: Aziendale
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Basic functions for managing the network in a safety way (SCADA Server)
Innovative features of management and coordinated control of devices in the network
(DMS Server)
Input
Consumption and generation programs
Real-time Power Request Adjustment
Measurements from nodes in the field
Output
Operation Set Point for MV generators and loads
Operation Set Point for LV micro-grid controller
Optimization
Power flows on the MV and LV network
Exploitation of distributed energy resources
Power Quality at each network node
The automation and control system of the test facility network was designed with
the objective of getting a suitable environment for the development, integration
and testing of management functions of a MV grid.
The automation and control system of the test facility network
SCADA and Distribution Management System (DMS) (2)
Uso: Aziendale
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Architectural requests:
Modularity HW to allow start-up sizing
and future expansion of the plant

Flexibility of functions performed by
centralized service station

High reliability, obtained by redundant
main systems and by sub-division of the
system into autonomous functional areas

Interoperability of electrical devices

High maintainability, guaranteed by auto
diagnostic functions and by automatic
recovery of anomalies
System architecture
SCADA and Distribution Management System (DMS) (3)
Uso: Aziendale
41
Smart Grid: Macro Activities
1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS
2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY
3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS
4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM
5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS
6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS)
7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES
Uso: Aziendale
42
Communication System (1)
The communication system will ensure:

Efficiency: ability to exchange data in real-time mode

Reliability: possibility of retaining data exchange in situations of difficulty of
communication (distance, meteorological agents, presence of foreign sources and
noises) and to restore the link once interrupted;

Security: it will be essential to secure the secrecy and integration of the information

Low-Cost: it allows widespread installation which distribution network
Requirements
Uso: Aziendale
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Communication System (2)
Architecture

The communication system of the experimental
area should allow the exchange of information
and commands for the project activities,
identifying the most suitable technologies for
the different application, both in testing and in
the real operation of the generators.

Data exchange will then be tested also in the
application level. Particularly, the communication
standard IEC61850 is suitable to create a fast
and flexible communication structure.

The architecture of communication system
provides interconnection between various
components and buildings using as physical layer
fiber optic cables.

Uso: Aziendale
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Link from DMS to local controller of
generators/ MV load: Hiperlan
Link from DMS to microgrid controller of
LV: UMTS
Link from microgrid controller to LV
load/generators : Powerline
Communication System (3)
Experimental activities in the test facility
Research and Experimental s Themes:
Development, implementation and test of the following technologies:
Uso: Aziendale
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Smart Grid: Macro Activities
1. MODELING AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS
2. SMART GRID TEST FACILITY
3. DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS
4. STORAGE AND STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR SYSTEM
5. LOAD AND GENERATION EMULATED SYSTEMS
6. SCADA AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DMS)
7. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
8. REGULATION, AUTHORITY,ANCILLARY SERVICES
Uso: Aziendale
46
Regulation, Authority, Ancillary services

General Objectives
Identification and valorization of new ancillary services to be integrated in Smart
Grids management
Definition and tracing of a new organic normative system

Notes
New services :
From generation systems
From active distribution networks towards transmission networks
DSO-TSO New Relationships
Rights/Dues definition for the different actors
Regulation activity must be continuous and will affect:
Technical committees and National/ European authorities
Network Access Rules Definition
Valorization of multi-carrier distribution systems (electricity gas)
Smart Grid Project

27th May 2008
Sandra Scalari

ENEL Research Technical Area