GRID COMPUTING

DEFINATION
Grid computing is the application of several
computers to a single problem at the same time.
It allows flexible resource sharing among
geographically distributed computing resources in
multiple administrative domains .
It is basically used for Grid applications rich in
graphics and multimedia.
Grid computing is form of networking unlike
conventional network that focus on communications
among devices







WHAT IS THE GRID?
Internet
Internet
Grid Computing Resource
Certificate
Certificate
Gatekeeper
User
CERTIFICATES AND THE GRID
Pass your personal certificate to Grid resource gatekeeper
Authenticates you to access this resource
Kerberos users (KCA certificates) can get full access to
Grid resources
Non-KCA certificates get limited access to Grid resources
HOW IT WORKS?

The computer is tied to network such as internet,
which enables regular people with home pcs to
participate in the grid project from anywhere in the
world.
The pc owners have to download simple software
from the projects host site.
The project sites use the software that can divide
and distribute the pises of program to thousands of
computers for processing.
The above system shows a grid computing system
that is distributed among the various local domains.

BACKGROUND: RELATED
TECHNOLOGIES
Cluster computing
Peer-to-peer computing
Internet computing
CLUSTER COMPUTING
Idea: put some PCs together and get them to
communicate
Cheaper to build than a mainframe super- computer
Different sizes of clusters
Scalable
CLUSTER ARCHITECTURE
PEER-TO-PEER COMPUTING
Connect to other computers
Can access files from any computer on the network
Allows data sharing without going through central
server
Decentralized approach also useful for Grid
PEER TO PEER ARCHITECTURE
INTERNET COMPUTING
Idea: many idle PCs on the Internet
Can perform other computations while not being used
Cycle scavenging rely on getting free time on other
peoples computers
Example: SETI@home

TYPES OF GRID

Computational Grid
-computing power
Scavenging Grid
-desktop machines
Data Grid
-data access across multiple organizations
WHAT IS A COMPUTATIONAL
GRID?
Grid of distributed compute and storage nodes linked
via a high speed network. The focus is on high
performance computing that typically targets scientific or
engineering applications.
TERAGRID
Tera Grid is an open scientific discovery
infrastructure combining leadership class resources
at nine partner sites to create an integrated,
persistent computational resource
WHAT IS A SCAVENGING GRID?
A scavenging grid is most commonly used with large
numbers of desktop machines. Machines are scavenged
for available CPU cycles and other resources. Owners of
the desktop machines are usually given control over
when their resources are available to participate in the
grid.
SETI@HOME
A scavenging grid SETI@home is a scientific experiment
that uses internet-connected computers in the Search for
Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). You can participate
by running a free program that downloads and analyzes
radio telescope data.
WHAT IS A DATA GRID?
A data grid is responsible for housing and
providing access to data across multiple
organizations.
Users are not concerned with where this data is
located as long as they have access to the data.
For example, you may have two universities doing
life science research, each with unique data. A data
grid would allow them to share their data, manage
the data, and manage security issues such as who
has access to what data.
CABIG
The cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid, or caBIG, is a
voluntary network or grid connecting individuals and institutions
to enable the sharing of data and tools, creating a World Wide
Web of cancer research. The goal is to speed the delivery of
innovative approaches for the prevention and treatment of
cancer.
WHY DO WE NEED GRIDS?
Grids are good for bringing together things that
necessarily (e.g., due to finances or logistical
constraints) cannot be co-located. Dan Reed
TYPICAL GRID SERVICES
Information Discovery
Monitoring
Authentication, Authorization, & Delegation
Job Management
Scheduling
Data Management
Collaboration

SOME GRID APPLICATIONS
Distributed supercomputing
High-throughput computing
On-demand computing
Data-intensive computing
Collaborative computing
GRID APPLICATIONS
Distributed HPC (Supercomputing):
Computational science.
High-throughput computing:
Large scale simulation/chip design & parameter studies.
Data-intensive computing:
Data mining, particle physics (CERN), Drug Design.
On-demand computing:
Medical instrumentation & network-enabled solvers.
Collaborative:
Collaborative design, data exploration, education.
SF-Express distributed interactive
simulation.
100K vehicles (2002 goal) using 13
computers, 1386 nodes, 9 sites.
Globus mechanisms for
Resource allocation;
Distributed startup;
I/O and configuration;
Security.
NCSA
Origin
Caltech
Exemplar
CEWES
SP
Maui
SP
Distributed Supercomputing
(SF-Express/MPICH-G, Caltech)
AD HOC MOBILE NETWORK SIMULATION
Ad Hoc Mobile Network Simulation: Network performance under
different microware frequencies and different weather conditions
uses Nimrod.
DRUG DESIGN: DATA INTENSIVE COMPUTING ON GRID
It involves screening millions
of chemical compounds
(molecules) in the Chemical
DataBase (CDB) to identify
those having potential to serve
as drug candidates.
Protein
Molecules
Chemical Databases
(legacy, in .MOL2 format)












MEG(MAGNETO ENCEPHALOGRAPHY) DATA ANALYSIS
ON THE GRID: BRAIN ACTIVITY ANALYSIS
Life-electronics laboratory,
AIST
Data Analysis
Provision of expertise in
the analysis of brain function
Provision of MEG analysis
Data Generation
Nimrod-G
64 sensors MEG
Results
Analysis All pairs (64x64) of MEG data by
shifting the temporal region of MEG data over
time: 0 to 29750: 64x64x29750 jobs
World-Wide Grid
[deadline, budget, optimization preference]
1
5
4
3
2
SETI@HOME: SEARCH FOR
EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE AT HOME
CONTENT SHARING P2P
IMAGE-RENDERING
IMPORTANCE OF GRID COMPUTING

Flexible, Secure, Coordinated resource sharing.
Virtualization of distributed computing resources.
Give worldwide access to a network of distributed
resources.

PROS AND CONS

PROS

CONS
Time Saving Resource Management
(Who is Prior?)
Resource Saving Security Problem
(Data is Remote)
Space Saving Schedule Problem
(Who, When?)
Money Saving
SOME GRID-RELATED PROJECTS
Globus-This project is developing basic software
infrastructure for computations that integrate
geographically distributed computational and
information resources
Javelin: Internet-based parallel computing using
Java
The UNiform Interface to Computer Resources
aims to deliver software that allows users to
submit jobs to remote high performance computing
resources

CONCLUSION

Grid Computing is becoming the platform for next
generation escience experiments.

Grid computing is cooperation of different
computers, for a specific task, so that the user
acquires better performance for that specific task.



THANK YOU