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C Programming: by Deepak Majeti M-Tech CSE Mdeepak@iitk - Ac.in

The document summarizes a lecture on C programming that covered basics of writing, compiling, and executing C code. It discussed C keywords, data types, arithmetic operators, input/output functions, and provided examples of simple C programs. The lecture also covered operator precedence, data types, and homework problems involving increment operators.

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viswaksha
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46 views19 pages

C Programming: by Deepak Majeti M-Tech CSE Mdeepak@iitk - Ac.in

The document summarizes a lecture on C programming that covered basics of writing, compiling, and executing C code. It discussed C keywords, data types, arithmetic operators, input/output functions, and provided examples of simple C programs. The lecture also covered operator precedence, data types, and homework problems involving increment operators.

Uploaded by

viswaksha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C PROGRAMMING

LECTURE
17
th
August
IIT Kanpur
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
1
by
Deepak Majeti
M-Tech CSE
[email protected]
Recap
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
2
C is a high-level language.

Writing a C code. {editors like gedit, vi}

Compiling a C code. {gcc c test.c o test}

Executing the object code. {./test}
Some more basics
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
3
Keywords
char, static, if , while, return ..................... Total= about 32

Data Types
int , char, float ....... Some more later

Arithmetic Operators
+ (Plus), - (Minus), * (Multiplication), /(Division)
.. Some more later
My first C program!
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
4
#include <stdio.h>
// program prints hello world
int main() {
printf ("Hello world!");
return 0;
}

Output: Hello world!

Example 1
C Course, Programming club, Fall
2008
5
#include <stdio.h>
// program prints a number of type int
int main() {
int number = 4;
printf (Number is %d, number);
return 0;
}

Output: Number is 4

Example 2
C Course, Programming club, Fall
2008
6
#include <stdio.h>
// program reads and prints the same thing
int main() {
int number ;
printf ( Enter a Number: );
scanf (%d, &number);
printf (Number is %d\n, number);
return 0;
}

Output : Enter a number: 4
Number is 4


more and more
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
7
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
/* this program adds
two numbers */
int a = 4; //first number
int b = 5; //second number
int answer = 0; //result
answer = a + b;
}
Note
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
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Errors
Compilation
Compiler generally gives the line number at
which the error is present.
Run time
C programs are sequential making the
debugging easier.
Some more Data Types
C Course, Programming club, Fall
2008
9
Primary : int, float, char
int (signed/unsigned)(2,4Bytes): used to store integers.
char (signed/unsigned)(1Byte): used to store characters
float, double(4,8Bytes): used to store a decimal number.

User Defined:
typedef: used to rename a data type
typedef int integer; can use integer to declare an int.
enum, struct, union
Some more Arithmetic Operators
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
10
Prefix Increment : ++a
example:
int a=5;
b=++a; // value of b=6; a=6;


Postfix Increment: a++
example
int a=5;
b=a++; //value of b=5; a=6;
Contd
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
11
Modulus (remainder): %
example:
12%5 = 2;

Assignment by addition: +=
example:
int a=4;
a+=1; //(means a=a+1) value of a becomes 5

Can use -, /, *, % also

Contd
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
12
Comparision Operators: <, > , <=, >= , !=, ==, !,
&&, || .
example:
int a=4, b=5;
a<b returns a true(non zero number) value.

Bitwise Operators: <<, >>, ~, &, | ,^ .
example
int a=8;
a= a>>1; // value of a becomes 4

Operator Precedence
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
13
Meaning of a + b * c ?
is it a+(b*c) or (a+b)*c ?
All operators have precedence over each other
*, / have more precedence over +, - .
If both *, / are used, associativity comes into
picture. (more on this later)
example :
5+4*3 = 5+12= 17.
Precedence Table
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
14
Highest on top
++ -- (Postfix)
++ -- (Prefix)
* / %
+ -
<< >>
< >
&
|
&&
||
Input / Output
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
15
printf (); //used to print to console(screen)
scanf (); //used to take an input from console(user).
example: printf(%c, a); scanf(%d, &a);
More format specifiers
%c The character format specifier.
%d The integer format specifier.
%i The integer format specifier (same as %d).
%f The floating-point format specifier.
%o The unsigned octal format specifier.
%s The string format specifier.
%u The unsigned integer format specifier.
%x The unsigned hexadecimal format specifier.
%% Outputs a percent sign.
Some more geek stuff
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
16
& in scanf.
It is used to access the address of the variable used.
example:
scanf(%d,&a);
we are reading into the address of a.

Data Hierarchy.
example:
int value can be assigned to float not vice-versa.
Type casting.


Home Work
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
17
Meaning of
Syntax
Semantics of a programming language
Find the Output:
value=value++ + value++;
Value=++value + ++value;
value=value++ + ++value;

End of Todays Lecture
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
18



Doubts && Queries?
THANK YOU
C Course, Programming club, Fall 2008
19

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