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    4 Mineral ResourcesBCM

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    Min Kr
    This document discusses mineral resources, their environmental effects, and methods of extraction. It notes that minerals are non-renewable resources found in the earth's crust that are exploited through various mining methods. Surface and subsurface mining can harm the environment by polluting groundwater, destroying landscapes, and contaminating air and water. Extracting and processing minerals also produces waste that is often toxic if not properly managed. While mining provides valuable resources, more sustainable practices are needed to reduce environmental damage and ensure land is reclaimed after use.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 Mineral ResourcesBCM

    Uploaded by

    Min Kr
    91 views26 pages
    This document discusses mineral resources, their environmental effects, and methods of extraction. It notes that minerals are non-renewable resources found in the earth's crust that are exploited through various mining methods. Surface and subsurface mining can harm the environment by polluting groundwater, destroying landscapes, and contaminating air and water. Extracting and processing minerals also produces waste that is often toxic if not properly managed. While mining provides valuable resources, more sustainable practices are needed to reduce environmental damage and ensure land is reclaimed after use.

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    MINERALS

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    This document discusses mineral resources, their environmental effects, and methods of extraction. It notes that minerals are non-renewable resources found in the earth's crust that are exploited through various mining methods. Surface and subsurface mining can harm the environment by polluting groundwater, destroying landscapes, and contaminating air and water. Extracting and processing minerals also produces waste that is often toxic if not properly managed. While mining provides valuable resources, more sustainable practices are needed to reduce environmental damage and ensure land is reclaimed after use.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    91 views26 pages

    4 Mineral ResourcesBCM

    Uploaded by

    Min Kr
    This document discusses mineral resources, their environmental effects, and methods of extraction. It notes that minerals are non-renewable resources found in the earth's crust that are exploited through various mining methods. Surface and subsurface mining can harm the environment by polluting groundwater, destroying landscapes, and contaminating air and water. Extracting and processing minerals also produces waste that is often toxic if not properly managed. While mining provides valuable resources, more sustainable practices are needed to reduce environmental damage and ensure land is reclaimed after use.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    MINERAL RESOURCES : USE AND

    EXPLOITATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF


    EXTRACTING AND USING MINERAL RESOURCES
    MINERALS
    Minerals are exhaustible, non renewable
    resources found in the earth s crust.
    Properties:
    1. Naturally occurring
    2. Inorganic
    3. Crystalline solids
    4. Definite chemical composition
    5. Some Physical properties
    TYPES OF MINERALS
    Metallic Minerals: Bauxite, Haematite,
    Copper Pyrites, Chromite etc
    Non metallic Minerals: Limestone, Graphite,
    Dimond quartz, (Sources of lime carbon and
    sillicon)
    MAJOR MINERALS IN INDIA
    Mica Bihar state contributes to almost
    half of India s Mica
    Common Salt Gujrat Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra and
    Sambhar lake Rajasthan
    Aluminium Jharkand , West Bengal,Maharashtra,
    Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
    Iron Jharkhand Orissa , M.P., A.p, Karnataka,
    Tamil Nadu, Maharshtra and Goa.
    Copper (Copper pyrites) found in Rajasthan ,
    Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka , M.P. West
    Bengal , Andhra Pradesh, Uttranchal
    Coal and Lignite West Bengal JharKhand,Orissa, MP, AP
    Uranium Jharkhand , AP, Meghalaya,and
    Rajasthan.
    USES AND EXPLOITATION
    Minerals are sources of extraction of metals, Non
    metals, and salts.
    They find use in agriculture , hospitals, defence
    domestic goods
    Minerals provide us metals such as iron , copper,
    aluminum(used in construction of the industrial
    plants, heavy machinery and alloys.
    Mines supply us with gold, silver , diamond , common
    salt , coal and petroleum for fuel, uranium for nuclear
    energy, phosphates for fertilizers, stone and gravel
    for construction of buildings
    ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF USING
    MINERAL RESOURCES
    Minerals are removed through a variety of
    methods that vary widely in their costs, safety
    factors, and levels of environmental harm.
    A variety of methods are used based on
    mineral depth.
    Surface mining: shallow deposits are removed.
    Subsurface mining: deep deposits are removed.
    MINING
    Mining is the process of taking out minerals
    and substances from the earth.
    These substances include non- minerals
    such as coal , sand oil, natural gas
    NONRENEWABLE MINERAL RESOURCES
    Ores: is rock
    containing enough
    or one or more
    metallic minerals to
    be mined profitably.

    We use more than
    40 metals
    extracted from ores
    for everyday items.
    Gold ore
    TYPES OF MINING
    OPEN-PIT MINING
    Machines dig
    holes and
    remove ores,
    sand, gravel,
    and stone.
    Toxic
    groundwater can
    accumulate at
    the bottom.
    AREA STRIP MINING
    Earth movers
    strips away
    overburden, and
    giant shovels
    removes mineral
    deposit.
    Often leaves highly
    erodible hills of
    rubble called spoil
    banks.
    CONTOUR STRIP MINING
    Used on hilly or
    mountainous
    terrain.
    Unless the land is
    restored, a wall of
    dirt is left in front
    of a highly
    erodible bank
    called a highwall.
    MOUNTAINTOP REMOVAL
    Machinery
    removes the tops
    of mountains to
    expose coal.
    The resulting
    waste rock and dirt
    are dumped into
    the streams and
    valleys below.
    IMPACTS OF MINING
    IMPACTS OF MINING
    Since natural replace of the minerals is very
    slow process and it cannot match with the
    fast process of mineral extraction . Mining
    there fore has a detrimental effect on the
    environment
    1. Loss of vegetation and defacement of the
    landscape because of the removal of the forest
    and soil leading to floods, soil erosion. It also
    gives ugly look to the landscape.
    IMPACTS OF MINING
    2. Land over the mines may subside and collapse
    causing cracks and tilting of the houses, roads
    , bending of the rail tracks , leaking of the gas
    pipe leading to serious accidents.
    3. Ground water pollution due to leaching of
    heavy metals which leads to health
    hazards.Sulphur present in water may get
    converted to sulphuric acid making the water
    acidic which is unfit for use
    ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF MINING
    MINERAL RESOURCES
    Fig. 16-14 p. 344
    Acid mine drainage.
    IMPACTS OF MINING
    4. Surface water pollution: The water becomes
    acidic due to mine wastage drained into the
    water bodies and lakes. The acidic water is
    detrimental to aquatic life. Radioactive
    substances leach into water and kill the aquatic
    animals. Pollution from heavy metals can
    cause health hazards
    5. Processes like roasting and smelting release
    enormous quantities of pollutants like soot,
    arsenic , lead
    IMPACTS OF MINING
    6. Health hazards for the workers- The fine
    dust coming out of mining causes variety of
    respiratory illnesses like
    asbestosis,silllicosis, black lung disease
    7. Waste of Land: Mining causes permanent
    damage to the landscape, also waste of the
    agricultural land.
    8. Negligence and neglect of the area occur
    when the mines are abandoned
    Extracting, processing and using mineral
    resources has environmental impacts.
    REMEDIAL MEASURES
    Eco friendly mining technology should be
    adopted.
    Microbial leaching techniques should be
    followed for the low grade ores
    Plantation of the vegetation in mined areas
    should be carried out
    Measures for stabilization of the mined areas
    should be adopted
    Laws and legislation should enforce the mining
    companies to plan for the reclamation of land
    after it become abandoned by the company
    REMEDIAL MEASURES
    Measures to minimize the toxic drainage
    discharge should be adopted

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