Learning Outcomes 1

Students would be able to:

Describe the relationship between
man and its environment on the
aspect of energy, energy management,
green technology, thermal control,
thermal comfort, sound, room acoustic
& sound transmission.
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2 Types of energy

Non renewable energy
1. Coal
2. Petroleum
3. Natural gas
4. nuclear

Renewable energy
1. Solar
2. Solar Hybrid
3. Wind
4. Wind hybrid
5. Hydro
6. Biomass
7. Hydro thermal
8. Landfill
9. wave
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You are to produce a portfolio on
the renewable energy


Content of folio for each type of
renewable energy sources


1. Introduction.
2. How energy is produced.
3. Advantages and disadvantages.

1. Solar
2. Solar Hybrid
3. Wind
4. Wind hybrid
5. Hydro
6. Biomass
7. Hydro thermal
8. Landfill
9. wave
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What is energy ?
Energy causes things to happen around us.
"Energy Is the Ability to Do Work."
Energy lights our cities, powers our vehicles, and runs
machinery in factories. It warms and cools our homes,
cooks our food, plays our music, and gives us pictures on
television.
WHAT IS ENERGY?
1.0 ENERGY
Energy causes work
is done to move
object/ doing jobs or
works.
Community
Industry
Economy and Politic
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The oil crisis started in October 1973, when the
members of Organization of Arab Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OAPEC) ( Arab members of OPEC,
plus Egypt, Syria and Tunisia) proclaimed an oil embargo
"in response to the U.S. decision to re-supply
the Israeli military" during the Yom Kippur war;
it lasted until March 1974
Happened on 1970s Oil Crisis in the Gulf
The effect of the Oil Crisis
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1. THE FALLEN OF WORLD
ECONOMY
2. OIL PRICE DOUBLED.
3. WORLD INFLASION
4. UNEMPLOYMENT
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD
1.0 ENERGY
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DIVIDED INTO 2 TYPES
NON RENEWAL ENERGY
RENEWAL ENERGY
Energy which cannot be
replenished or replaced in
a short time.
-Oil/pertoleum product
- natural gasses
-Coal
-Uranium
These energy is also
called Fosil fuel energy
Energy which can be
replenished after being used
in a shoet period of time.
-Wind
-Solar
-Water
-biomass
SOLAR ENERGY
Methods of
extracting/
converting
energy from
solar
1.0 Direct usage/
heating/ drying
2.0 solar panel
3.0 Solar
Photovoltaic
Syatem
Thermal Solar System
Hot Water solar System
Renewable energy
1.0 Wind Energy
Energy generation
Advantages
1. Free for places that have
continuous wind flow.
2. Does not pollute
environment.
Advantages
1. Not suitable for places
that have no wind flow.
2. Kill birds.
WIND HYBRID SYSTEM
Combination of diesel generators and wind
turbines, usually alongside energy storage, power
converters, and etc.
designed to increase capacity and reduce the cost
and environmental impact in remote communities.
The successful integration of wind energy with diesel
generating sets relies on complex controls to ensure
correct sharing of intermittent wind energy and
controllable diesel generation to meet the demand
of the usually variable load.
Hydro
Energy
Energy extracting Process
Disadvantages
1. It depends on the velocity
of the river
2. Destroy fauna and flora
during construction
Advantages
1. Abundant of rivers in
Malaysia
2. Low cost when in production
2.0 Biomass
Biomass
materials
Plants/wood/
leaves
Organic
waste/domestic
waste
Gas from landfills
Advantages
1. Waste recycling
2. Reduce the materials that
pollute the environment.

Disadvantages
1. Need more waste for a small
amount of energy produced.
2. Increased CO2 in the burning
process
Process of extracting
energy from biomass-waste burning.
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Process of extracting
energy from landfill
Hydrothermal means the process is used to produce 'green' electricity. The heat from the
centre of the Earth is used to turn water into steam. The steam is then used to turn the
turbine, which then turns the generator and so produces electricity.
Geothermal energy is a form of renewable energy derived from heat deep in the earth's
crust.

Geothermal power is generated in over 20 countries around the world including Iceland,
the United States, Italy, France, Lithuania, New Zealand, Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Russia, the Philippines, Indonesia, the People's Republic of China and Japan.
For every 100 meters you go
below ground, the temperature
of the rock increases about 3
degrees Celsius. Or for every 328
feet below ground, the
temperature increases 5.4
degrees Fahrenheit.

Geothermal energy
The heat inside the Earth core is continually generated by the decay of the longlived
radioactive isotopes of uranium, thorium and potassium, which are present in the
Earth
wave energy can't be harnessed effectively
everywhere.
Wave-power rich areas
Scotland, Canada, Africa, Australia and United States.
Ocean Wave Energy
Ocean wave energy is captured directly from
surface waves
pressure fluctuations below the surface.






1.3 Understand the needs to conserve energy and its
method to achieve it.
1.3.1 Define energy conservation.
1.3.2 Identify the negative and positive impact of
the excessive energy usage to the environment .
1.3.3 Describe methods of conserving energy.

1.4 Understand the energy management in Malaysia
1.4.1 Define energy management.
1.4.2 State the objectives the importance of
energy management.
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Energy conservation refers to efforts
made to reduce energy consumption. Energy
conservation can be achieved through
increased efficient energy use, in conjunction with
decreased energy consumption and/or reduced
consumption from conventional energy sources.
Architecture
aspects
Building
orientation
Heat and light
proof materials.
Smart building



Equipment
Design
Energy saving
energy
Eficiency
operation
that will not
waste energy




Maintenance
& energy
management
Periodic
maintenance
Efficient energy
management.



Know the importance of energy.
Awareness in changing the perception that :
1. energy is cheap and easy to obtain.
2. human way of life.
3. value system towards energy.

Improvement
1. Concentrate on the function of the spaces
instead of beauty/aesthetic
2. Instill the value of being comfortable in using
& saving energy.
Energy saving/ energy efficiency
1. Emphasize energy saving during the planning
process and avoid any unwanted operation in
buildings.
2. Building design
- Building position
- Types of materials used.
- Environment.
3. Energy saving in transportation system
- emphasize on the public transportation and
bicycle.
energy efficiency
1. Emphasized on the methods, equipments and
facilities.
2. Example;
i. Use sensor/or control device
ii. Use bulb/lamp that are efficient
- pendaflour 75% save electricity
- life span 10x from incandescent.
iii. Good insulator or efficient compressor can
reduce energy usage up to 20%
Effects of Over-Consumption of energy
Environmental degradation
Most important environmental impacts caused by energy
sources are global climate change and acid rain both of which
have the origin in the combustion of fossil fuels and lead to
global or transboundary effects.
CLIMATE CHANGE
increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere will change our climate
caused by the increases in the concentration of so-called
greenhouse gases(CO2,SO,CO etc) in the atmosphere.
Massive deforestation around the globe is releasing large
amounts of CO2 and decreasing the forests ability to take
CO2 from the atmosphere.
ACID RAIN
In the process of burning fossil fuels some of gases, in
particular sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are created.
Once released into the atmosphere, they can be converted
chemically into nitric acid and sulphuric acid, both of which
dissolve easily in water.
can cause damage to plant life, in some cases seriously
affecting the growth of forests, and can erode buildings and
corrode metal objects.
HUMAN HEALTH
We eat food, drink water, and breathe air that has come in
contact with acid deposition and haze.
There is a link between this pollution and respirator problems
in sensitive populations such as children and asthmatics.
BAD AIR QUALITY
effects on human health, materials, and crops.
Can cause premature ageing of lungs and other respiratory
tract effects like impaired lung function and increased bronchial
reactivity, asthmatic attacks, and respiratory symptoms.
Definition 1
Activities planned to optimize the
energy usage during the production
and processing process to avoid
energy waste and to recover/recycle
the used energy.

Definition 2.
The efficiency of energy usage without
sacrificing/reducing the production,
environment and quality of energy.
The energy-saving meaning
When it comes to energy saving, energy
management is the process of monitoring,
controlling, and conserving energy in a building
or organization without sacrificing the human
comfort.

The energy efficient building
The energy-efficient building retains the best
environment for human habitation while minimizing
the cost of energy through strategized planning and
management.



Advantages
Shows great saving in
energy usage.
1. Save energy
2. Economically, it is good
for industries because it
reduce the cost of
energy usage although
Malaysia energy tariff is
considered cheap.
3. Protect the
environment.
Basic
approach

1. Energy
Recycling
2. Reuse waste
matter produced
by energy plant.
3. Efficient energy
saving.
1.5 Know the importance of green technology

1.5.1 Define green technology
1.5.2 Define green building index
1.5.3 Identify the green building index.
1.5.4 Discuss in a group, green technology
development in Malaysia.
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What Is the Green Building Index (GBI)?
an environmental rating system for buildings
developed by PAM (Pertubuhan Arkitek Malaysia /
Malaysian Institute of Architects) and ACEM (the
Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia).
The GBI environmental rating system is
created to:
1. Define green buildings by establishing a common
language and standard of measurement;
2. Promote integrated, whole-building design;
3. Recognize and reward environmental leadership;
4. Transform the built environment to reduce its
environmental impact; and
5. Ensure new buildings remain relevant in the future and
existing buildings are refurbished and upgraded properly
to remain relevant.
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