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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Trouble Shooting
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page1
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Understand the normal flow and methods to deal with trouble
Master how to orientate Hardware systems and User systems
trouble
Master the universal trouble shooting methods
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Contents
1. Normal Flow & Method
2. User System & Hardware Systems Trouble
3. The Common Trouble Shooting Orientation Method


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Basic Requirement For Operator
Familiar with system and network
Master the instrument and meter equipment
Familiar with operation
Professional technique and skill
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Normal Flow
Collecting message
Obtain the original information as soon as possible
Judging trouble
Make sure the range and category
Finding out the trouble point
Find out the reason of the trouble
Eliminating the trouble
Eliminate the trouble and repair system according to the suitable
processing


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Normal method
Analyzing original information
Alarm messages
Indicating light status
Dialing test
Instrument and meter equipment
Traffic statistics
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Normal method
Dynamic & Signaling tracing
Test / Loop
Contrast / Interchange
Switchover / Reset
Contact with Huawei Support Technology
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Normal method
Analyzing original information
Example 1:
U (User): My phone has some problem, please help me to check it.
E (Engineer): When did you face this problem? Calling out or calling in.
U: Oh, calling in. I could hear ring-back tone when I used mobile to call my phone set.
But the phone didnt ringing. Whats the problem?
E: Ok, Did you try to pick up the phone when you make a call? Could you hear
anything?
U: Yes, I tried it before. I just heard DuDu, and couldnt talk with each other.
E: You may have Call forwarding unconditional service. Could you dial #57# to
cancel it ?
Solve the problem
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Normal method
Alarm messages
Example 2:We can observe the alarm messages by Alarm Box
and Alarm Station.

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Normal method
Indicating light status
Example 3:DTF card alarm indicating lights
If LOS1 turn on, it means the first E1 Loss of Signal. It
may be disconnect or one-way audio.
If SLP2 turn on, it means the second E1 slip frame. It may
be low clock synchronization performance or high
transmission attenuation.
Suggestion:
Operator should pay attention to accumulate indicators
status. It will help to improve the ability of fleetly solving
problem.
DTF
CAS
LLB1
RLB1
RRA1
RMA1
SLP1
LOS1
RCL1
RUN
LLB2
RLB2
RRA2
RMA2
SLP2
LOS2
RCL2
DSP
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Normal method
Dialing test
Example 4: It is a new SS7 trunk group between Office A and
opposite office. The trunk circuits and links status are normal. But
they cant use new trunk to make inter-office call.
Using a local office user to dial the opposite office number and tracing this
user, observing the result is No route available. And dont send IAM to
opposite office.
Orientating: The route selection data has some problem and the system
cant choose suitable circuit.
Hint:
Dialing test is used popular. Its usually used with dynamic tracing.
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Normal method
Instrument and meter equipment
Example 5: Most users CLIP service are abnormal in a certain frame.
To judge the influence for CLIP of PWX card. Using oscillograph to
analyzing output ringing current wave shape. Its contain many harmonic
voltage. First judging burr interference FSK sending and make CLIP
abnormal.
Suggestion:
If condition permission, can choose instrument and meter equipment for
trouble analysis. The key point is the correct using for instrument.
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Normal method
Traffic statistics
Example 6: The office A create TG Incoming Office statistics. It
contains Lost Calls Of Int Congest Times 10 times in 500 call
attempts an hour.
It has several reasons for Lost Calls Of Int Congest Times . Creating the
Fail reason traffic in total office traffic task, The No Ipath times and No
Available Circuit Times amounts are the same.
Which module is congesting? To tracing SS7 link and observing the SEC
message, the operator finds the problem in X module.
Check the iDT trunk circuit between X module and Central module, they
find that some PCM system are self-looped.
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Normal method
Dynamic & Signaling tracing
Example 7: Office A connect to Tandem X. There are some CGC
message between them. It has the influence for call completion rate.
The link and circuits status are normal. Data setting is correct.
The result of link tracing as below:
Tandem IAI IAI. CLF CLF
Local IAI IAI (total:22 IAI) CGC RLG CGC RLG
There are 22 IAI messages which contents are the same. The reason is
Local office A and Tandem setting the same prefix and make cyclic
between each other.
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Normal method
Test / Loop
Example 8: Local office A connects to office B. It appears many E1
slip alarms that has serious influence between them. The Network
structure of office B as bellow:
We can choose point for loop testing. According to
compare with the result, we can orientate the fault which is belong to
switch system of transmission system.
This method is used widely for transmission fault.
OFFICE
A
C&C08
DDF DDF
OFFICE
B
1 2 3 4
Transmission Transmission
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Normal method
Contrast / Interchange
Example 9: When make the test for rise digits in office X, some incoming call
are rejected by system. The system send SST and the data setting is correct.
The network structure as below:
According to dialing test: C can connect to B, but cant connect to A. A & B call
forwarding unconditional to D.
Compare with SS7 signaling, the Redirected call indicator in IAI is 1 when C call A,
since C call B is 0.
Change soft parameter. The system no need judge Redirected call indicator , and
solve this problem.
Tandem
USER A USER B USER C USER D
CC08
OFFICE X
TUP
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Questions
How many kinds of method we have learned for trouble
shooting?

Which kind of method did you use before?
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Contents
1. Normal Flow & Method
2. User System & Hardware Systems Trouble
3. The Common Trouble Shooting Orientation Method


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Category of Hardware System Trouble
Central Module


CPM
CCM
CNET
SPM
SRM
LIM
LIM
LIM-MHI
A
M
P
C
D
P
B
C
P
F
S
N
B
A
C
F
S
N

S
P
C
B
C
C
C
P
C

S
P
D
S
R
C

Q
S
I
M
H
I
M
H
I

Q
S
I
O
B
C
E
T
1
6

S
T
U
Q
S
I
O
B
C
E
T
1
6
S
T
U

C
N
U
B
D
R
S
N
U
S
N
U
N
C
C
S
N
U


BAM
LANSWITCH
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
HDLC
HDLC
HDLC
HDLC
HDLC
393M
393M
393M
MHIHW-2M
MHIHW-8M
SM
40.96M
E1
OPPOSITE
OFFICE
The Fault of Card
And internal connection
The fault of TCP/IP
connection
HDLC
The fault of CCMHW
connection
The fault of MHIHW
connection
The fault of OFL
connection
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Category of Hardware System Trouble
Central Module
The fault of Card
The fault of Internal connection
The fault of TCP/IP connection
The fault of CCMHW connection
The fault of MHIHW connection
The fault of OFL connection
The fault of Clock Line connection
The fault of DIP switch
The different version of hardware and software

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Category of Hardware System Trouble
Switching Module
The fault of card
The fault of internal connection (NOD, HW)
The fault of OFL connection between Central Module
The fault of switches setting
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Typical trouble case
Example 1:
Phenomenon Description: The 4# LIM cant load in 128M.
Cause Analysis:
First to check the DIP switch (00000100), since the Frame ID must
keep the same as DIP switch.
Handling Process:
The 4# LIM DIP switch setting is incorrect when the operator
check it in the office. The 4# LIM begin to load after change DIP
switch.
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Typical trouble case
Example 2:
Phenomenon Description: The SPM version cant report after loading.
Cause Analysis:
The data and program are loaded in SPC by TCP/IP. The SPC
communicate with other cards though CCMHW. If CCMHW setting is
incorrect, the SPC cant communicate with other card and cant report the
version.
Handling Process:
The SPC and BCC CCMHW should be 16,17,18, but the data setting are
17,18,16. The SPM version can report after changing data setting.
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Common reason and handling
procedure in User System Trouble
Typical case analysis and discussing
The common trouble phenomenon in User System
The common reason for User system trouble
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Typical trouble case analysis
Example 1: no feedback
Phenomenon Description: The user cant hear dial tone after
hook off. And the work indicator on telephone turn off.
Indicator
Turn off
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Typical trouble case analysis
Cause Analysis:
The external user line is short circuit or break.
The port which provided by ASL card is fault.
The external user line or analogue circuit is broken.
swinging cross.
The users phone set is broken
Suggestion and summary: The most trouble occur in external
user line or ASL card fault. It is necessary to test external user
line and ASL card regularly for preventing trouble.
Whats
the
reason?
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Typical trouble case analysis
Example 2: CLIP service is abnormal
Phenomenon Description:
The phone set which apply the CLIP service cant display the
caller number as called
The caller number display is fault. For example : the number
uncompleted, loss number or number error.
Why caller number
disappeared?
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Typical trouble case analysis
Case analysis:
cant display the caller number analysis:
Check the FSK signal starting or not
Check ASL card port is fault or not
Check users phone set is fault or not
Check users supplementary contains CLIP or not
Check BNET(SM) or SRC(SPM) is fault or not
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Typical trouble case analysis
Case analysis:
the caller number error analysis:
Check external user line
Check ASL card port is fault or not
Check BNET(SM) or SRC(SPM) is fault or not
Check clock signal is normal or not
Contact with Huawei Technology Support
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Typical trouble case discussing
Example for discussing 1: Ringing abnormal
Phenomenon Description :
No ringing. When make a call, caller can hear ring back tone, but called
dont ringing. They can make conversation if called hook off.
Self-ringing. The phone will ringing itself even there isnt incoming call.
When the called pick up, find is no incoming call here. The ringing mode
could be normal, long and so on.
Cant cut off the ringing. Caller hear ring back tone, called ringing then
called off-hook. The called keep ringing and they cant make conversation.
Whats the possible reason?
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No Ringing Analysis
No. Reason Remark
1 PWX is fault. No ringing
current.
There are no ringing current in User Frame.
Its usually whole frame user no ringing.
2 The supplementary service
is used unsuitable.
The called set CFU and doesn't cancel in
time. It brings on all of the call transfer to
other user.
3 The circuit for ringing is
fault.
The corresponding user cant ringing.
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Self-ringing Analysis
No. Reason Remark
1 The user ling in ASL is fault. Ring
relay start-up unconventionally or
cant release after startup.
The user will be self-ringing or
ringing for long time.
2 The power supply is unstable. It
contains harmonic wave.
It makes ASL ring relay start-up error
and the user self-ringing.
3 The software running procedure
is abnormal.
It makes ASL ring relay start-up
abnormal and the user self-ringing.
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Cant cut off the ringing Analysis
Reason: The loop resistance is larger than switching system
monitor range.
Criterion:
The loop resistance in free status 1800; The loop resistance in off-hook
status300. If switching system cant detect the off-hook, the called party
will be considered free and the system will send ringing current continually.
Summary:
This kind of trouble occurs in village almost. It can solved by change
external user line or augment external user lines core area. And can
use the better remote feeding ASL card to solve this problem also.
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Typical trouble case discussing
Example for discussing 2: The half of frame or whole frame
users are fault
Phenomenon Description :
The phone set is no feedback, and cant call in
No dial tone
Noise is great in conversation
Whats the possible reason?

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The possible reason-1
No. Reason Remark
1 The mother board
fuse is burned
If fuse F1,F2 are burned, it will no feedback in whole frame.
2 The mother board
is fault
Cant call in and the noise is heavy in conversation.
3 DRV card is fault The DRV can used for receive DTMF, transfer user line
signal and drive HW signal. It usually used for a pair. If one
is broken and another card cant start-up help function, the
half or whole frames users will cant hear dial tone, cant
call in or cant work normal.
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The possible reason-2
No. Reason Remark
4 NOD card is fault NOD likes communication bridge between MPU and other
cards. If NOD is broken, the whole frame user cant hear dial
tone and cant call in. If half of NOD is broken, the call loss
will be higher in user frame.
5 HW connection

There are 2 HWs in each user frame. If one of them is
broken, since help function cant start-up, It occurs no dial
tone, heavy noise and one-way audio in half of frame. It will
affect whole frame if serious.
6 NOD connection If NOD line disconnect, it will bring on calling loss,
increasing no dial tone times and so on.
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The summary of user system
phenomenon-1
Range Category Phenomenon
Single user No feedback No dial tone
Ringing abnormal No ringing, self-ringing, cant cut off ringing
Call in abnormal Cant call in, cant conversation, just ring one time
Call out abnormal No dial tone, cant cut off dial tone, hear busy tone when
pick up the phone
Connect abnormal Intra-module, Inter-module, Inter-office connect abnormal
Conversation
abnormal
Noise is loud, the voice is small or loud, cross-talking
CLIP abnormal No display, display error, display incomplete
Different
range user
Half frame of whole
frame
No feedback, cant call in, no dial tone, heavy noise,
CLIP service abnormal and so on.
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The summary of user system
phenomenon-2
Range Category Phenomenon
Different
range
user
Whole office congestion All of the trunks disconnect, the system cant process
any incoming and outgoing call. Or all of the modules
cant call each other.
Inter-module congestion The user in SM, RSM, SPM cant make conversation
between other modules.
Intra-module congestion The user in SM, RSM, SPM cant make conversation in
the same module.
Intra-module connection
abnormal
one-way audio, cant make conversation, disconnect
when make conversation.
Inter-module or inter-
office connection
abnormal
Connection cost long time, one-way audio, cant make
conversation, disconnect when make conversation.
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The summary of user system trouble
reason-1
Category Reason Remark
External
user line
disconnect/shor
t circuit
No feedback, no ringing, cant call in, no dial tone
Grounding Loud noise, dial wrong number, ringing abnormal
Swinging cross No feedback, no ringing, self-ringing, no dial tone, cant cut off dial
tone, display caller number error, the voice is small
Hardware ASL card fault No feedback, ringing abnormal, noise in conversation, the voice is
small, display caller number abnormal
DRV card fault No dial tone, cant cut off dial tone, hear busy tone when pick up the
phone, usually affect a half of frame
PWX card fault No ringing, loud noise, display caller number abnormal, usually affect
a half of frame
NOD card fault No dial tone, cant call in, usually affect a half of frame or whole frame
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The summary of user system trouble
reason-2
Category Reason Remark
Hardware SIG card fault No dial tone, usually affect one module
BNET card fault Intra-module connection abnormal, If clock phase abnormal, it
will appear noise in conversation, disconnect when surf in
network, display caller number abnormal
HW line fault No dial tone, no ring back tone, one-way audio
NOD line fault No dial tone, cant call in, usually affect a half of frame
Clock line fault noise in conversation, disconnect when surf in network or in
conversation, usually affect a half or whole frame
Other
reasons
Didnt define user data No dial tone, cant call in
Phone set fault No feedback, dial wrong number, ringing abnormal, noise in
conversation, the voice is small, one-way audio
CIC no matching Outgoing call one-way audio,
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Summary
What did we learn in this chapter?
We have described hardware system and user system trouble
shooting in detail.
We have learned the trouble phenomenon, cause analysis and
handling process in hardware system and user system.
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page41
Contents
1. Normal Flow & Method
2. User System & Hardware Systems Trouble
3. The Common Trouble Shooting Orientation Method


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The Common Trouble Shooting Method
The category of common trouble
Trunk/Link system common trouble
Charging/Bill management common trouble
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Trunk/Link system
Trunk/Link system data setting
ADD CALLSRC
SET OFI (ADD OFI)
ADD N7DSP
ADD N7LKS
ADD N7RT
ADD SPMN7LNK
ADD OFC
ADD SRT
ADD RT ADD N7TG
ADD SPME1
ADD RTANA
ADD CNACLD
ADD CPCCFG
ADD SPMN7TKC
Pay attention:
OPC
DPC
CIC
SLC
TKC selection mode
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Typical trouble case discussing
Case 1: No.7 link status abnormal
Trouble phenomenon:
Disconnect. Viz. the link cant locate.
The link is unsteady. Namely the link always Initial alignment and
cant transfer MSU.
The link interdiction, viz. remote processor outage.
The link is congestion. Namely the link works overload.
Whats possible reason?
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Typical trouble case discussing
The possible reason:
Transmission fault
STP fault
ET16/STU/DTF card is fault
Remote processor outage
Data setting incorrect (DPC/SLC/Link selection code)

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Typical trouble case discussing
Case 2: SS7 Trunk circuit status abnormal
Circuit status Remark
Fault If trunk circuits are not blocked when DPC unreachable or
PCM system fault, the trunk circuit status is fault.
Available blocked That indicates blocked opposite circuits already. It can make
outgoing call but cant accept incoming call in these status.
Unavailable blocked That indicates blocked local circuits already. It can accept
incoming call but cant make outgoing call in these status.
Unknown When office sends RSC/GRS message for this circuit and
doesnt receive RLC, it will change to this status.
Uninstall That indicates didnt configure trunk data yet.
Whats possible reason?
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Typical trouble case discussing
The possible reason-1:
No. Reason Remark
1 Transmission
disconnect/error code
Circuit status fault
2 ET16, STU, DTF card
fault
3 Data configuration
incorrect or didnt do it
If didnt configure trunk data, the circuit status is
uninstall. If didnt configure DPC or make
mistake, the status is fault.
4 CPU overload and start-
up congestion control
Available block
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Typical trouble case discussing
No. Reason Remark
5 BLOCK
6 CIC no matching Unknown
7 Link fault If DPC unreachable, the circuit status is fault. If
link congests or has high error rate, the circuit
status is unknown.
8 Local side hardware fault Unavailable block
The possible reason-2:
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Typical trouble case discussing
Case 3: The SS7 signal cooperation abnormal
Trouble phenomenon:
The SS7 signal cooperation abnormal usually means inter-office
connection abnormal. Like cant make conversation.
The caller number send abnormal. The incoming office cant obtain
caller number or cant obtain the real caller number.
Whats possible reason?
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Typical trouble case discussing
The possible reason-1:
CIC no matching
The corresponding data for caller number is incorrect
Like can request caller number, request caller number,
connect without or with invalid caller number, default number,
CLI provision mode.
The call barring data is incorrect
The barring group number, the caller discrimination number and
so on.
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Typical trouble case discussing
The possible reason-2:
The supplementary signaling setting unsuitable
Like send caller number, translate caller number, send
original called setting unsuitable, then cant carry out some
supplementary, such as CLIP, CLIR, call forward and so on.
The soft parameter setting unsuitable
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Real case analysis
Example 1: When user in Fix Network Office A call mobile
user, the caller number cant carry area code.
The trouble phenomenon:
The network structure is as below. When user who is in Fix
Network call mobile user, the caller number need carry area
code in gateway office. All of users are carry area code normal,
except in office A.
Office A
Mobile Office
Office B
A,C
USER A
USER B
USER C
B,C
0755B,C
A,C
Gateway Office
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Real case analysis
Handling Process:
Using signaling tracing in gateway office, compare with A->C IAI and B-
>C IAI message. The Nature of address indicator is 00(Local
number) in B->C IAI message. And the Nature of address indicator is
10(National significant number) in A->C IAI message.
Let office A change parameter Nature of address indicator to 00, the
caller number turn to normal.
Cause analysis:
The parameter Nature of address indicator in signal which is sent by
office A is incorrect. Although the caller number doesnt carry area
code, the Nature of address indicator is 10(National significant
number). The gateway office considers the toll call and no need append
area code.
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Charging/Bill management system
Charging/Bill management system
Charging
operation
Charging
analysis
Caller Called
ADD/MOD ST ADD/MOD CNACLD
ADD CHGIDX
ADD CHGANA
MOD CHGMODE
DETAIL
METER
BAM
RST BILPOL
STR BILIF
MPU/SPC
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Real case analysis
Example 1:
Phenomenon:
When use ISP mode to carry out simultaneous ringing, the user B
registers simultaneous ringing to user C. If the user A who comes
from opposite office call user B through incoming TG, system charge
incoming TG. B and C ring at same time. If B picks up the phone,
system generate one incoming TG ticket for A-B. If C picks up the
phone to make conversation, there isnt incoming TG ticket in system. It
must generate incoming TG ticket for A-B, ether B picks up or C picks
up.
Office C
Office A
USER A
USER C
A,B
C&C08
USER B
A,B
A,C
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Real case analysis
Example 1:
Cause analysis:
It must generate incoming TG ticket for A-B, ether B picks up
or C picks up in ISP mode for simultaneous ringing.
Pay attention: If C pick up the phone, according to incoming TG
charging source code and the charging selection code in prefix
for virtual PBX indicating number, system analyze charging
case. It may be that the charging data for prefix of virtual PBX
indicating number is incorrect.

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Real case analysis
Example 1:
Handling Process:
When check charging data, the data setting is no charging for
corresponding incoming TG charging source code and charging
selection code of virtual PBX prefix. After change the charging
case to detail ticket, the charging is normal. When A dial B, the
B and C ring at same time. The system generates incoming TG
ticket successful for A-B, ether B picks up or C picks up.


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Real case analysis
Example 2:
Phenomenon:
The BAM couldn't fetch bill tickets from the exchange since
some day. There were no new *.bil generated since that
moment, and the total amount of bill tickets in the SPM (there
was only one SPM module in this office, no SM) was more than
20,000.
Creating
file in
D:/bill/bill
is fault
DETAIL
METER
BAM
STR BILIF
MPU/SPC
RST BILPOL
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Real case analysis
Example 2:
Cause Analysis:
After checking the billprint.txt, operator found the reason as
follows. >2005-11-29 10:45:53 Failed to open or create ticket
file (filename d:\bill\bill\2005112814.BIL) So the problem was on
the BAM. The following needs to be checked.
1. Disk space on the BAM
2. Disk quality
3. If the attribute of folder bill has been set as read only mode

Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page60
Real case analysis
Example 2:
Handling Process:
After contacting the on-site engineer, he said that the customer
did something yesterday afternoon. Finally he found that the
folder Bill was set as read-only mode. The problem was solved
after changing folder Bill to writable mode.
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page61
Summary
In these course, we have learned:
Normal flow and method for trouble shooting
The hardware and user system trouble phenomenon, cause
analysis and handling process.
Some common trouble shooting orientation method
Thank you
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