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    Introduction To Linear Integrated Circuits

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    Anil Kumar Yerninti
    This document provides an introduction to linear integrated circuits. It discusses the differences between digital and analog signals and why both are needed. It then describes several important analog circuit components, including operational amplifiers, differential amplifiers, 555 timers, phase-locked loops, analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, modulators, and multipliers. For each component, it provides a brief overview of its purpose and operating principles. The document serves as a high-level overview of linear integrated circuits and the key analog electronic building blocks.

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    Introduction To Linear Integrated Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Anil Kumar Yerninti
    87 views12 pages
    This document provides an introduction to linear integrated circuits. It discusses the differences between digital and analog signals and why both are needed. It then describes several important analog circuit components, including operational amplifiers, differential amplifiers, 555 timers, phase-locked loops, analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, modulators, and multipliers. For each component, it provides a brief overview of its purpose and operating principles. The document serves as a high-level overview of linear integrated circuits and the key analog electronic building blocks.

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    Linear integrated circuits intro

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    This document provides an introduction to linear integrated circuits. It discusses the differences between digital and analog signals and why both are needed. It then describes several important analog circuit components, including operational amplifiers, differential amplifiers, 555 timers, phase-locked loops, analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, modulators, and multipliers. For each component, it provides a brief overview of its purpose and operating principles. The document serves as a high-level overview of linear integrated circuits and the key analog electronic building blocks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    87 views12 pages

    Introduction To Linear Integrated Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Anil Kumar Yerninti
    This document provides an introduction to linear integrated circuits. It discusses the differences between digital and analog signals and why both are needed. It then describes several important analog circuit components, including operational amplifiers, differential amplifiers, 555 timers, phase-locked loops, analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, modulators, and multipliers. For each component, it provides a brief overview of its purpose and operating principles. The document serves as a high-level overview of linear integrated circuits and the key analog electronic building blocks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 12

    INTRODUCTION TO

    LINEAR INTEGRATED
    CIRCUITS
    Digital Vs Analog
    Digital signals can convey information with greater
    noise immunity.
    Digital signals can be processed by digital circuit
    components, which are cheap and easily
    produced in many components on a single chip.
    Digital signals typically use less bandwidth.
    Digital is more secure, It is also easier to translate
    human audio and video signals and other
    messages into machine language.
    Enables transmission of signals over a long
    distance.
    Digital Vs Analog
    But why Analog?
    Everything we see hear and perceive in life is analog
    e.g., voice, music, visual perception, seismic activity,
    energy delivery etc.
    As a result all electronic must interface with the world
    via analog electronics.
    Examples of the types of applications the field enjoys
    range from biologically inspired (e.g., pacemakers,
    nanotechnology products) and commercial products
    (e.g., laptops , cellular phones, micro sensors) to
    military(e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, light weight
    electronic equipment)
    It is therefore impossible to imagine engineering real-
    life solutions without the help and support of high
    performance analog electronics.
    Operational amplifier
    In this subject the main components of linear IC
    design are dealt.
    The operational amplifier is one of the most useful
    and important components of analog electronics.
    They are widely used in popular electronics. It has
    infinite open-loop gain.
    Infinite input impedance Rin, and so zero input
    current.
    Zero input offset voltage.
    Infinite voltage range available at the output.
    Infinite bandwidth with zero phase shift and infinite
    slew rate.

    Operational amplifier
    Due to its characteristics it is used to design
    Filters
    Amplifiers
    Oscillators
    Comparators
    Integrators and differentiators
    Opamp has three stages
    A differential amplifier with high voltage gain
    A single-pole low-pass filter frequency
    An output buffer (unity gain).


    Differential amplifier
    Differential amplifiers offer many advantages for
    manipulating differential signals.
    They provide immunity to external noise; a 6-dB
    increase in dynamic range, which is a clear advantage
    for low-voltage systems and reduced second-order
    harmonics.
    They provide an easy means of anti alias filtering, and
    a dedicated input easily sets the required common-
    mode voltage.
    These amplifiers are also well-suited for driving
    differential transmission lines, and active termination
    provides for increased efficiency. You can easily adapt
    inverting-amplifier topologies to fully differential
    amplifiers by implementing two symmetric feedback
    paths.
    555 timer
    The 555 timer was created by Hans Camenzind (b. 1934) in
    1970 while he was working for Signetics. The design process
    took about a year. Designing the chip was all done by hand,
    using rubylith which made the process take much longer than
    by today's standards.
    The 555 timer replaced 23 transistors, 15 resistors and 2
    diodes and allowed manufacturers to use this problem
    solving method much easier. Today with billions of the chips
    in existence, it is one of the most widely used chips.
    It is the gateway drug to the world of integrated circuits.
    Frequently, the 555 is used in astable mode to generate a
    continuous series of pulses, but you can also use the 555 to
    make a one-shot or monostable circuit.
    The 555 can source or sink 200 mA of output current, and is
    capable of driving wide range of output devices.

    PLL
    A phase-locked loop (PLL) is an electronic circuit with a voltage- or
    current-driven oscillator that is constantly adjusted to match
    in phase (and thus lock on) the frequency of an input signal. In
    addition to stabilizing a particular communications channel (keeping
    it set to a particular frequency)
    A PLL can be used to generate a signal, modulate or demodulate a
    signal, reconstitute a signal with less noise, or multiply or divide a
    frequency. PLLs are frequently used in wireless communication,
    particularly where signals are carried using frequency modulation
    (FM) or phase modulation (PM). PLLs can also be used in
    amplitude modulation (AM).
    PLLs are more commonly used for digital data transmission, but can
    also be designed for analog information. Phase-locked loop devices
    are more commonly manufactured as integrated circuits (ICs)
    although discrete circuits are used for microwave.
    Applications of PLL are frequency multiplication, frequency
    translation, AM, FM & FSK demodulators

    ADC and DAC
    Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and Digital to
    Analog Converter (DAC) are very important
    components in electronic equipment.
    Since most real world signals are analog, these two
    converting interfaces are necessary to allow digital
    electronic equipments to process the analog signals.
    Take the audio signal processing, ADC converts the
    analog signal collected by audio input equipment, such
    as a microphone, into a digital signal that can be
    processed by computer.
    The computer may add sound effect such as echo and
    adjust the tempo and pitch of the music. DAC converts
    the processed digital signal back into the analog signal
    that is used by audio output equipment such as a
    speaker.

    Types of DACs
    weighted resistor DAC
    R-2R ladder DAC
    inverted R-2R DAC
    IC 1408 DAC
    Types of ADCs
    parallel comparator type ADC
    counter type ADC
    successive approximation ADC
    dual slope ADC
    Modulators and multipliers
    A modulator is a circuit with multiple inputs where
    one input can modify or control the signal flow
    from another input to the output
    A multiplier has two analog inputs and an output
    proportional to the product of the two amplitudes
    Topics covered are
    Four Quadrant multiplier
    balanced modulator
    IC1496,Applications of analog switches
    Multiplexers
    Sample & Hold amplifiers.

    THANK YOU

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