EWSD

Engr. Qasim Mansoor Jalali

Senior Instructor
PTC, Peshawar.
1
DIGITAL PUBLIC SWITCHING SYSTEM
E lektronisches
W ahl (Switching)
S ystem
D igital
System Features
EWSD
Push
button
dialing
Rotary
dialing
D-protocol
Tariff
Switchover
In 15 min-
intervals
Conference
calls
127 zone
6 tariff
Automatic
Message
accounting
Sequential
Or random
Path
selection
7 direct
Routes
1 last choice
route
Private
metering
Pulse
metering
CCITT
No.7
4
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM
EWSD (Electronics Switching System Digital)
EWSD SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Software architecture
CCNC

CP

D L U / L T G
SN
User software
Operating system
Hardware
Mechanical design
Modular in all respects
EWSD
Maximum capacity of EWSD :
250,000 subscriber lines
or 60,000 Trunk lines
Advantages of EWSD
Modularity
Distributed control
Fully electronic
Extremely reliable
(maximum system downtime:1h/20
years)
System structure
Objective: The participants should be able to

State the 5 EWSD subsystems and their functions during an
internal call setup
State the functional units of the subsystems involved in an
internal call setup and explain their functions
Explain applied methods of safeguarding and their mode of
operation
Specify, f0r an example, the number of each type of functional
unit installed in the EWSD system


Subsystems of EWSD
DLU-Digital Line Unit )
LTG-Line / Trunk Group
SN-Switching Network
CCNC- Common Channel signaling
Network Control
CP-Coordination Processor
Hardware of subsystems
LTG
LTG
DLU
Access
Switching
SN
Common Channel Signaling
CCNC
CP
Coordination
What are the tasks of the
subsystems?
Main tasks of DLU
To provide the physical connections to the
various types of subscribers (max.952)
To convert the speech and signaling
information into PCM signals
To provide BORSCHT(analog to digital
conversion and tdma) function
What are the tasks of the
subsystems?
Main tasks of LTG
To provide the physical connections to the
various types of lines.
To process and convert the speech and
signaling information from a maximum of
2000 subscribers or 120 lines with a
maximum traffic capacity of 100 Erl.
What are the tasks of the
subsystems?
Main tasks of SN
To switch speech channels by means of
electronic cross points between LTG with a
congestion of <5*10 -5 and full availability
To switch message channels between
LTG,CCNC, and CP without congestion

What are the tasks of the
subsystems?
Main tasks of CP
To control the call processing
To process supplementary and
administrative tasks
To provide the basis for exchange
synchronization
What are the tasks of the
subsystems?
Main tasks of CCNC
To process and to convert the CCITT No.7
signaling information for a maximum of
256 signaling links
To control and to manage the signaling
network
14
General Information
The hardware of an EWSD system is organized in
subsystems that are linked through uniform interfaces.
The Digital Line Unit (DLU) combines a number of
analogue and digital subscriber lines. Max 952
Subscriber lines can be connected to one DLU. The DLU
is connected to the Line/Trunk Group (LTG).
The Line / Trunk Group (LTG) not only terminates Digital
Line Units (DLUs).
It is also linked to:
Other exchanges Digital Switching Board (DSB).
The Switching System (SN) provides the inter-
connections between two subscriber lines.
To handles the Signalling System No.7, the EWSD
exchange requires a Subsystem Common Channel
Signalling Network Controller (CCNC).
15
Switching
Access
DLU
DLUC
LTG
GP
LTG
GP

Common Channel
Signaling
CCNC
CCNP
Coordination
E M
SYP
SYPC
M B
MBC
O M T
C C G
CP
S N 0
S N 1
S G C
S D C
S D C
S D C
S D C
Distributed controls in an EWSD exchange
- Digital Line Unit (DLU)

- Line Trunk Group (LTG)

- Switching Network (SN)

- Common Channel
Network Control (CCNC)

- Coordination Processor
(CP)
EWSD SUBSYSTEMS
G C
16
Since the processing workload is distributed over several
microprocessors within the EWSD system, a common
processor for Coordination tasks is extremely useful.
These functions are handled by the Coordination
Processor (CP).
The CP consists of the:
Coordination Processor (CP) External Memory (EM)
Operation and Maintenance Terminal (OMT)
System Panel (SYP) Message Buffer (MB)
Central Clock Generator (CCG)
Load Distribution
In order to reduce the workload of the Coordination
Processor (CP) and to achieve faster processing times,
some processing functions are distributed over
autonomous control devices.
Subsystem Controllers
17
Since the EWSD subsystems independently
execute all necessary tasks within their
respective areas, they require their own control
devices, such as the:
DLU Digital Line Unit Controller (DLUC)
LTG Group Processors (GP)
SN Switch Group Control (SGC)
SYP System Panel Control (SYPC)
MB Message Buffer Control (MBC)
CCNC Common Channel Network Processor (CCNP)
Who does what in EWSD?
The tasks to be performed are distributed
among peripheral processors in the individual
subsystems:
SLMCP and DLUC in the DLU
GP in the LTG
SGC in the SN
CCNP in the CCNC
To reduce the load of the CP and to provide a clearer
definition of tasks
The CP coordinates and monitors the distributed
functions and performs the central functions
How does subsystems inter
work?
Interface DLU LTG PDC

2Mbit/s: 31 Channels of 64kbit/s (PCM30)
4-Wire *speech information
*signaling information DLUC-GP
(CCITT No.7)

How does subsystems inter
work?
Interface LTG SN SDC

8Mbit/s: 128 Channels of 64kbit/s (PCM30)
4-Wire *speech information
*signaling information CCS(CCITT No.7)
*signaling information GP-GP
GP-CP
GP-CCNP

How does subsystems inter
work?
Interface SN CP

8Mbit/s: 128 Channels of 64kbit/s Highway 0
4-wire *signaling information GP-GP
GP-CP
GP-CCNC
8Mbit/s: 1 Channel of 64Kbit/s
4-wire *signaling information CP-SGC
How does subsystems inter
work?
Interface CCNC SN SDC

8Mbit/s: 128 Channels of 64kbit/s
4-Wire *signaling information CCS
(CCITT No.7)

How does subsystems inter
work?
Interface CCNC CP

170Kbyet/s: byte-serial handshake interface
Bidirectional
*signaling information CCITT No.7
*signaling information CCNP-GP
CCNP-GP
CCNP-CP

Interfaces
DLU LTG B
LTG C
LTG D
CCNC
CCNP
GP
GP
GP
SN
CP
SGC
DLUC
SLMCP
PDC
SDC
SDC
SDC
SDC
SUB
CABLE
SATELLITE
25
DLU Overview
The main components of a DLU
also include :-

- Subscriber line module SLM : SLMA
& SLMD

- Two DIUD for connection of PDCs

- Two controls DLUCs

- Two 4096kbit/s networks for the
transmission of voice and signaling
data between the SLMs and the
Digital Interface Units (DIUDs).

- Two 136 kbit/s control networks for
the transmission of control data
between the SLMs and the DLU
Controls (DLUCs).

- A TU for testing telephone, subscriber
lines & circuits.


.
.
.
SLM A
SLM D
T U
D L U C
D I U D
D L U C
D I U D
D L U
Voice and
signaling data
0
1
2
.
.
.
PDC0
PDC1
PDC2
PDC3
Anolog,
ISDN
&
PBX
lines
Functional units of the DLU
SLMA
SLMD
TU
ALEX
RGMG
EMSP
DIUD
DLUC
Interfaces of the DLU
SLMA
SLMD
TU
ALEX
RGMG
EMSP
DIUD
DLUC
Interfaces of the DLU
SLMA
SLMD
TU
ALEX
DLUC
DIUD
EMSP
RGMG
08
PDC 0
PDC 1
PDC 2
PDC 3
Functions of the DLU
Components
1.SLMA
Each SLMA has
8 SLCA s which
are controlled by
a processor SLMCP
SLMA-COS
SLMA-CMRL
SLMA-ITF
SLMA
SLCA 0
SLCA 1
SLCA 2
SLCA 7
SLMCP
30
Digital Line Unit (DLU)
Overview
DLU is responsible for terminating subscriber lines
and concentrating subscriber line traffic.
Function of DLU Units
Subscriber Line Module Analogue (SLMA)
Every Subscriber Line Module Analogue (SLMA) has
eight Subscriber Line Circuit Analogue (SLCA) which are
controlled by a processor Subscriber Line Module
Processor (SLMCP).
The Subscriber Line Module, Analogue provides:
BORSCHT summarises the general tasks of subscriber
line modules.
Battery Supply Over voltage Protection
Ringing Signalling Coding
Hybrid 2/4-Wire Testing
31
The subscriber Line Module Digital (SLMD)

is used to connect digital subscriber lines & provides the
interface to the subscriber line.
The SLMD contains eight Subscriber Line Circuit Digital
(SLCD) which are controlled by a processor SLMCP.
The Digital Interface Unit for the DLU (DIUD):
Receives and transmits speech information from and
to the SLMs and distributes this information.
Extracts control information for the DLUC from the
PDC that links the DLU to the LTGB.
uses signals from the PDC for pulse synchronisation
DLU Control (DLUC)
The DLUC controls the DLU internal sequences of
operation and distributes or concentrates control
signals between subscriber line circuits and the DLUC.
32
Test Unit (TU)
The Test Units test the following :
analogue and digital subscriber lines,
Subscriber line circuits
Telephone Set of Analogue Subscriber.

Emergency Service
Even if all outgoing PDC links of a Remote DLU
fails, it is still possible to establish calls between
subscribers served by the same DLU. This is
called Emergency Service.
The DLU emergency operation is made possible
through a combination of EMSP emergency units
and specialized software modules.
33
Line/Trunk Group (LTG)
The Line/Trunk Groups (LTGs) are the interfaces
between the digital Switching Network and the
network environment of the exchange, which may
be analogue or digital.
For reasons of safety a LTG is always connected to both
Switching Network (SN) plane. If the link between the
LTG and the Switching Network, or even one plane of the
Switching Network fail, call processing will continue
without interruption.
LTG TYPES:
Line/Trunk Group (LTGA)


Line/Trunk Group (LTGB)
Line/Trunk Group (LTGC)
Line/Trunk Group (LTGD)
Functional Types
34
The main components of a
LTG are :

- Group Processor (GP)

- Group Switch or
Speech Multiplexer
(GS)or (SPMX)

- Link Interface Unit (LIU)

- Signaling Unit (SU)

- Digital Interface Unit (DIU)

SU
DIU n
DIU0
GP
LIU
8Mbit/s
2Mbit/s
GS
OR
SPMX DLUs
PBXs
&
Trunks
LINE TRUNK GROUP
35

Main Functional Units of LTG.
up to 8 line/Trunk Units (LTUs) signalling Unit (SU)
Speech Multiplexer (SPMX) or Group Switch (GS)
Link Interface Unit between LTG and Switching
Network (LIU)
The Line/Trunk Units (LTUs) can be connected to:
Digital Line Units (DLUs)
Other exchanges.
Digital Switchboards (DSBs)
An LTGB can interface 60 Digital Switchboards (DSBs)
via digital access lines.
The SU is equipped with code receivers (CR) &Tone
Generator (TOG) for generating audible tones
36
The SPMX is used if the LTG interfaces with trunk lines.
The Group Switch (GS) is used if the LTG interfaces with
subscriber lines. The GS also handles the 3 party
conference calls. SPMX/GS is also multiplexed 4x2
Mbit/sec into 8 Mbit/sec and vice versa.
The Link Interface Unit (LIU) is the interface between the
LTG and the Switching Network (SN). It :
duplicates the channels to both SN planes
(SN 0 and SN1).
The Group Processor (GP) is an independent periphery
controller.
GP functions are:
controlling all functional units in the LTG
exchange data with the Coordination Processor (CP)
and other LTGs,
self-diagnosis and safeguarding
37
Line/Trunk Group C & D
As the LTGC is used to terminate inter-office trunks while LTGD is
used in International Gateway exchange.
Switching Network (SN)
The actual switching process that establishing a call connection
between two subscribers takes place in the hardware subsystem
called switching Network (SN).
SN Overview
For safeguarding reasons, the Switching Network (SN) is always
duplicated.
The External interface of the Switching Network are the same. They
are Secondary Digital Carriers (SDCs) its data rate is 8 Mbit/s.
Switching
SN consist of Time Stages and Space Stages.
A time stage consists of Time Stage Module (TSM) and space stage
consist of Space Stage Module (SSM).
Each stage consists of its own controller Switch Group Control
(SGC)
38
SWITCHING NETWORK



A Sub.
B Sub.
T T S or SSS
The main components of
a SN are :
Time Stages
In time stages octets to be
switched change time slot
and highway according to
their destination
Space Stages
In space stages they change
highway without changing
time slots
Switch Group Control
(SGC)
Connection paths through
the time & space stages are
switched by the SGC in
accordance with the
switching information from
the CP.
Switching Network Overview
DLU LTG B
LTG C
LTG D
CCNC
CCNP
GP
GP
GP
CP
DLUC
SLMCP
Switching
For safeguarding reason,
The SN is always
DUPLICATED
SGC
SN 1
SGC
SN 0
External Interfaces of SN
The external interfaces of the SN are the same, They are SDC
s.
Two SDC links connect each LTG to the SN.
Interfaces
SDC: LTG for the LTG to the SN
SDC: CCNC for the CCNC to the SN
SDC: TSG to the CP for data exchange with the LTG
SDC: SGC to the CP for the exchange of data with the SGC

Application of SN
The Switching Network uniform design and expansion
modules permit its application in
a wide range of exchange types and size.
SN: 15LTG, smallest
For 7500 Subscribers
SN: 63LTG s,
For 30000 Subscribers
SN: 126LTG s,
For 60000 Subscribers
SN: 252LTG s,
For 125000 Subscribers
SN: 504LTG s, smallest
For 250000 Subscribers
42
Access
DLU
DLUC
LTG
GP
LTG
GP
Common Channel
Si gnaling
CCNC
CCNP
Coordination
E M
SYP
SYPC
M B
MBC
O M T
C C G
CP
Switching
S N 0
S N 1
S G C
S G C
S D C
S D C
S D C
S D C
COORDINATION

43
Co-ordination Tasks
In addition to the Co-ordination Processor (CP) with its
External Memory (EM) and the Operation and
Maintenance Terminal (OMT), the Co-ordination
subsystem includes the following functional units:
the Message Buffer (MB) with its micro processor
control (MBC), the central Clock Generator (CCG)
the System Panel (SYP) with its micro processor
control (SYPC)
CP MAIN FUNCTIONS:
The CP performs the following functions
Call Processing Operation & Maintenance
Safeguarding
The Message Buffer (MB) serves as an interface adapter
and transmission adapter for the internal information
exchange between:
CP SN LTGs
44
SYSTEM PANEL
ALARMS
CENTRAL CLOCK
GENERATOR (CCG)
For the transfer of
digital information in a
network, synchronized
functional sequences in
all participating units
are an absolute
requirement. Accurate
clock pulses must be
provided for all
exchanges within the
digital network. This
task is handled by the
Central Clock Generator
(CCG).
SYSTEM PANEL DISPLAY
45
Line/trunk Groups LTG Switching Network
SN
Maintenance
Alarm
Service
Alarm
External
equipment
Coordination Processor CP
Processor Load
Central
Units

Clock
Message
buffer

Common
Channel
Signaling
Month Day

Time
:



Entry
Supervision
Fire
DC Power
supply
Power failure
Aircon-
ditioning
External alarms
System Panel
SYP
Update Test Accept
Trunk Group
alarm
Line Lockout
Signaling Lines
Call Identification
Trunk Group
blocked
Cat. 1
Cat. 2
System
Operator
External DLU
Alarms
Administrative
Alarm
Recovery
Time Insecure
HW units
Signaling
links blocked
Alarm indications
suppressed

All external alarm lines of ALEX LED Ex. DLU alarms
Each of the 24 external alarm line of RM:EA one LED of Ext. alarms
This assignment is stored in EPROM of SYPC (including the alarm priority and the voltage level of the alarm line indication an alarm
ERL
SYSTEM PANEL DISPLAY
How is EWSD applied ?
The areas of application are:
Local exchanges
-Analog subscribers with rotary dialing or
pushbutton dialing, with private metering
(including those connected via PABXs) and
ISDN terminal can be connected directly or via
concentrators.
- Calls between subscriber and trunk-or between
two subscribers- are set up automatically.

Applications of EWSD
Transit exchanges
- Digital or analog trunks via SC (signaling
convert)/ MUXs with various signaling protocols
can be connected.
- Connection between trunks are set up
automatically.
Combined exchanges
- These process both local and transit traffic.
Applications of EWSD
International exchanges
- International trunks including, for example, those
via satellites are connected at these exchanges.
- A connection between trunks can be set up
either automatically or via switchboard.
Rural (container) exchanges
- In areas of low subscriber density, the local
exchange can be accommodated in a container.
LOCAL CALL SETUP
Phase 1:-A-sub goes off hook &receives
the dial tone

A-DLU * detects off-hock state
* reports event to LTG

A-LTG * informs the CP
* supplies dial tone

CP * marks the subscriber as busy
LOCAL CALL SETUP
Phase 2:- A-subscriber dials
A-DLU * forwards each digit to the LTG
A-LTG * collects and process the digits
* forwards them to the CP
CP *identifies the B-sub & marks him as busy
*selects and setup the path through SN
*informs the B-LTG
B-LTG *supplies ringing tone to A-subscriber
*informs the B-DLU
B-DLU *activates the bell
LOCAL CALL SETUP
Phase 3:-B-sub goes off hook & speaks

B-DLU * detects off-hock state
* informs the B-LTG
*disconnects ringing current
B-LTG * informs the A-LTG
* disconnects ringing tone
A-LTG * meters the charges
LOCAL CALL SETUP
Phase 1:-A-sub goes on hook
A-DLU * detects off-hock state
* reports event to LTG

A-LTG * informs the CP
* supplies dial tone

CP * marks the subscriber as busy
53
Hands On Session
Operational Task
Subscriber administration
System administration

Maintenance
Maintenance of subscriber lines
Hardware maintenance
Software maintenance
54
EXCHANGE
ARCHITECTURE
55
Call example in PSTN
Following steps are involved in the
establishment and subsequent release of a
call on PSTN:
1. DETECTION OF HOOK OFF
2. PROVISION OF DIAL TONE
3. DIALING OF DIGITS
4. RESERVATION OF RESOURCES FOR CALL
5. RINGING OF CALLED PARTY AND RING BACK TO CALLING PARTY
6. DETECTION OF ANSWER FROM CALLED PARTY
7. NECESSARY CHARGING INITIATION
8. SPEECH
9. INITIATION OF CALL TERMINATION FROM EITHER END
10. CALL END, RELEASE OF ALL RESERVED RESOURCES
11. NECESSARY ACTION REGARDING BILLING
56
1 Off Hook
2 Dial Tone
3 Digits Dial
4 Siezure
5a Ringing
5b Ring Back
6 Off Hook
7 Charging Started
8 Conversation / Speech
9 Call End
10 Release Resources 10 Release Resources 10 Release Resources
11 Charging Stopped
GENERAL CALL SETUP
Local
Exchange
Local
Exchange
A B
57
EWSD VERSION 12
DOCUMENTATION
OPERATION MANUAL (OMN)
MAINTENANCE MANUAL (MMN)
NONSTANDARD MAINTANANCE MANUAL (NM)
COMMAND MANUAL (CML)
EMERGENCY CASES (EMCYMN)
Thank you!
Questions????