3G1x Voice RF Optimization Procedures: Devesh Patel

Lucent Technologies Proprietary
No.1
3G1x Voice RF Optimization Procedures

Devesh Patel
CDMA RF Optimization & Applications Group
[email protected]
(973) 386-6280

Sept 11, 2001

No.2
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this presentation, the participant will have an
understanding of :

Drive test based methods and procedures needed to optimize a 3G1x Voice network
RF Tuning Parameters
Steps involved in optimizing a new 3G1x Voice network
Drive test based techniques
Data collection tools and metrics
Various Optimization phases/tests
Overview of Optimization problems
Various options for migrating from 2G to 3G voice
Associated optimization tools and methods
Various intra/inter-generation handoff types
3G to 2G, 3G to 3G, 2G to 2G handoffs
Overview of optimization considerations
No.3
Outline
RF Optimization definition and objectives
3G1x Voice Cold start RF Optimization procedures
Drive test based
Overview of drive test alternatives
Migrating from a 2G network to 3G voice various options
Associated optimization tools and methods
3G-to-2G handoffs
3G-to-3G or 2G-to-2G handoffs
Optimization considerations
No.4
RF Optimization - Definition
Defined as the process of fine-tuning all aspects of air-interface
performance in a network.
Main objective is to allow acceptable voice quality

Several optimization approaches:
Drive test mobile data based
Drive test Pilot scanner based
Prediction modeling / SM troubleshooting based
Presentation focuses on drive test data based techniques

End goal is to prepare a network for commercial operation
Some fine-tuning during commercial phase
No.5
RF Optimization for 3G1x Voice - Objectives
Fundamental goals of RF Optimization for 3G1x Voice remain the same as 2G
Acceptable paging, access, forward/reverse voice coverage
Measured based on FER, Ec/Io, mobile transmit power, mobile receive power
By ensuring good coverage dropped calls will automatically be minimized
Minimal number of dropped calls, missed pages, and failed accesses
Measured from dropped call and access tests
Fine tune performance of paging and access channels as necessary
Acceptable fractions of soft/softer handoff activity
Measured from overall handoff statistics with and without traffic loading
Adjusted sparingly with soft/softer handoff threshold changes
Attempt to keep consistent handoff thresholds throughout the network
IS 95B soft handoff thresholds require further study
Acceptable performance for semi-soft and hard handoffs
Measured from drop call statistics in these handoff zones
No.6
RF Tuning Parameters - Primary
Primary Optimization Parameters: Coarse control of RF environment
BCR/CBR Attenuation (transmit power of each sector)
Antenna Configurations (azimuth, downtilt angle, height, pattern type)
Neighbor List Entries and Priorities (FCI and CDHNL forms)
Neighbor Set Search Window size
CDMA Semi-Soft and Hard Handoff Thresholds (F2->F1, F1->F1) (including 2G->2G,
3G->3G,3G->2G)
No.7
RF Tuning Parameters - Secondary
Secondary Optimization Parameters: Fine control of local performance
Soft Handoff Thresholds (IS 95A or IS95B)
Active Set Search Window Size
Cell Site Search Window Size
Pilot, Page, Sync, Quick Paging, Traffic Channel Digital Gain Settings
Access probe nom and init power levels
Sector Size and Access Preamble Size
TCA bias
Inter-technology load preference deltas
Allow 3G1x sharing

Note: 2G and 3G load preference deltas and Allow 3G1x sharing are new in 17.03.
They only apply for systems with mix 2G and 3G channel cards; not for a pure 2G or 3G
system. Their use is more in the commercial phase to adjust 2G and 3G traffic distribution
across 2G/3G carriers as 3G usage grows.

No.8
RF Tuning Parameters Fixed Parameters
Fixed Parameters: NOT Changed During RF Optimization
Forward and Reverse Power Control Thresholds
Forward and Reverse Overload Control Parameters
Remaining Set Search Window Size
Reverse Pilot Fraction
No.9
Optimization procedures 3G1x Voice Cold Start
No.10
3G1x Voice Cold Start -
RF Optimization Options
3G1x Voice Cold start defined as a new 3G1x Voice network

Basic options for 2G optimization apply to 3G Voice
drive test using Full rate Markov call in Radio Configuration 3 (RC3) mode
iterative approach for tuning key parameters

drive test using integrated Markov call and Pilot scanner approach
adds drive data independent of system parameters being optimized
facilitates optimization of forward link coverage via software based predictive
analysis

zero drive optimization
predictive tools (Ocelot) used to provide initial solution
SM data, infrastructure capabilities, analysis tools used to further refine
performance based upon commercial data
Some amount of drive testing possible during commercial phase to trouble
shoot problem areas
No.11
RF Optimization Tools for Drive
Testing
Mobile Data Collection Test Setup
Provides efficient/reliable collection of mobile data

Similar test setup for drive test optimization can be used for 3G Voice
CAIT based

Key components
3G phone (MSM5000 based Qualcomm test phone)
CAIT
GPS unit
Laptop with PCMCIA dual socket I/O card
Isolation box
Attenuator box to simulate in-vehicle penetration and reverse link loading
Magmount antenna

No.12
RF Optimization Tools for Drive
Testing cont.
RF Call Trace
allows certain performance data to be collected at cell site

Suite of Data Analysis Tools
LDAT 3G
Provides analysis of mobile and RFCT data
Key outputs include
- Forward and Reverse Frame Error Rates
- Pilot Ec/Io Max FCH finger, Aggregate
- Mobile Receive and Transmit Power
- Forward link traffic channel power (power relative to Pilot, not dgu as in 2G;
available starting 17.1)
- Number of Pilots above threshold
- Alert/orig/term/build capabilities (3gtool)
No.13
Pre-test Preparation
Perform Sector Verification Test
Initial drive test to assure all sectors are operational, antennas properly oriented, cabling
correctly installed, call processing and handoffs functional, translations properly set
identify and correct installation and database problems at an early stage (coaxial
cable/connector failures, misoriented antennas, erroneous translations)

Calibrate Cell Site Transmit Power
Manually adjust power for calibrated output levels at antenna interfaces
Initial transmit power settings to achieve baseline ERPs (Effective Radiated Power) for all
sectors in cluster

Configure System Parameters Based on Recommended Settings
Tests/analyses are continuously executed to ensure that recommended parameters
provide optimal starting point
Application Notes provide recommended translation parameters
No.14
RF Optimization Phases
RF Optimization is performed in two phases: cluster testing and system wide
testing
Cluster Testing
Performed on a geographical grouping of cells (approx 20 cells)
Provides initial pass at optimization
Stages of cluster optimization include
Unloaded Coverage Test
Loaded Coverage Test
Often requires iterative passes
Initially focus on coarse tuning
- adjust primary optimization parameters
Follow up with finer tuning
- iterate primary parameter adjustments as necessary and additionally make
secondary parameter adjustments
Problems that can not be resolved in a reasonable amount of time are often
deferred until System Wide Testing
No.15
RF Optimization Phases cont.
System Wide Testing
more detailed tuning phase to address specific problems identified during cluster testing
perform loaded coverage test on major roadways
also isolate problem areas in cluster overlap regions
characterize overall system performance
comprehensive statistics compiled to assess overall system performance
Additional tests may be performed to further characterize system performance
- dropped call tests
- origination and termination tests
No.16
Unloaded Coverage Test
Drive test using single test phone with Full Rate Markov call in RC3 mode
Besides the test call, only Pilot, Page, QPCH and Sync channels
Analyze Best Server Ec/Io and Number of Pilots Above Threshold
Identify Marginal Performance Areas
Weak Coverage (Best Server Pilot Ec/Io< -12 dB)
Multiple Pilots (Number of Pilots with Ec/Io greater than -15 >= 4)
Examine Pilot Ec/Io Per Sector to identify coverage area of each sector
Specialized analysis tools indicate neighbor list omissions, weak coverage areas,
and multiple Pilot regions
Analysis of dropped calls observed during drive tests
Primary Parameter Optimization
Coarse adjustments to control RF environment and fix neighbor lists
Secondary Parameter Optimization
Fine adjustments to improve performance in local areas (mainly handoff thresholds)
No.17
Drive test and iteratively optimize any additional trouble spots using primary and
secondary tuning parameters
Drive same routes as the unloaded coverage test under loaded conditions
Use simulated load during the drive test
Drive test using single test phone
Full Rate Markov call in RC3 mode
Use RF Call Trace to log Reverse FER and Forward link traffic power
Perform any additional tests necessary to assess performance against cluster exit
targets
Frame error rate test, call hold test, origination test, and termination test
Final Performance Validation test (cluster exit criteria)
Average FFER, average RFER, Dropped Call Probability, Origination Success Probability,
Termination Success Probability
Loaded Coverage Test
No.18
Loaded Coverage Test cont.
Simulated Forward link loading provided with Orthogonal Channel Noise Source (OCNS)
Simulates traffic by turning on unused Channel Elements (CEs) under software control
Allows for variable loading on per-sector basis
Loading levels per contact
3G loading OCNS values should be similar to that for 2G

Simulated reverse link loading provided with attenuator in the reverse path
Place calibrated attenuator in-line between portable and roof mount antenna
Circulator(s) used to separate forward and reverse paths so attenuator only effects reverse
link
Simulates average, uniform traffic loading across all sectors on reverse link
Attenuation value per contract
Lower 3G mobile transmit power relative to 2G allows larger attenuation value
Allows increasing mobile transmit attenuation by 2dB
No.19
Typical Optimization Problems
Neighbor List Omission
High FER or call drop in area characterized by strong pilot Ec/Io
Inadequate Mobile/cell site Search Window Size
High FER or call drop in area characterized by strong pilot Ec/Io
Forward Link Coverage problem
Characterized by Low Ec/Io from best server, low mobile receive power, high transmit
digital gain, and high forward FER
Excessive Internal-Interference on Forward Link
Low Ec/Io from best server, adequate mobile receive power, high transmit digital gain,
and high forward FER
Often there are four or more pilots present with nearly equal strengths and the total
signal level causes Ec/Io of all servers to be reduced
Around-the-Corner Problem
Mobile sees strong interference, mobile does not handoff to strong pilot soon enough,
may drop the call
No.20
Neighbor List Formation Guidelines
Keep neighbor lists as small as possible

Neighbor lists from Active pilots combined using 3 criteria
number of times a Neighbor is repeated on Active pilots Neighbor Lists
rank of the Active set pilot, based on strength or distance
strength is recommended
highest priority from Active pilots lists

Combined neighbors sorted, top 20 sent to mobile
No.21
Commercial Monitoring
At conclusion of system-wide testing, the system is ready for live traffic

Optimization is an on-going process for a commercial network
additional tuning may be needed to accommodate uneven traffic patterns
new cell sites added to system
additional CDMA carriers added to system
design enhancements may lead to additional tuning

Various data sources to isolate problem areas.
Service Measurements
ROP
Undeclared neighbor list
Handoff Matrix
SPAT aids analysis by integrating data from above sources
Drive testing as needed
No.22
Commercial Monitoring cont.
Typical problems:
High dropped call/access performance
unacceptably high soft handoff usage
poor call performance due to bad hardware
unequal loading across carriers (esp. on inter-frequency handoff sectors)
inter-technology load preference deltas

No.23
Pilot Scanner Based Approach
Viper is a pilot scanner developed by Agilent for optimizing and troubleshooting
CDMA networks
Agilent pilot scanner available for US cellular frequencies and Korean PCS band
A pilot scanner provides pilot Ec/Io measurement for all pilots at each measurement
point
data can be collected independent of system parameters
complete set of data is provided
Accurate and complete pilot survey data allows for comprehensive characterization
of coverage
allows for utilizing advanced tools to take advantage of complete data
improve speed and quality of optimization
Allows iterations to be performed in software rather than repeated drive testing
predict change in pilot coverage due to: change in BCR, antenna adjustment, forward
link loading, or cell site additions
recommend FCI neighbor lists
recommend search window settings
Utilize Mongoose functionality of LDAT 2G for iterative prediction
No.24
Pilot Scanner Issues
Basing optimization on single set of data
predicting changes in pilot coverage requires complete and accurate set of data
inaccurate or incomplete data will propagate through all software iterations

Scanner data provides only forward link coverage data
Agilent tool set allows simultaneous collection of mobile data
Mobile provides reverse link data, performance data, etc.
help identify trouble spots
provide reverse link information
provide data for exit criteria testing
Use of mobile and pilot scanner data together complement each other

Rate of pilot scanning is important
Results should characterize long term channel conditions
Viper samples channels approximately once per second

For 3G, continue to utilize 2G Pilot scanner kit
Will also need a separate CAIT based 3G phone kit for exit criteria testing
No.25
Zero Drive Test Optimization
Propagation-predictive models are combined with traffic load information to
optimize
Network Coverage
Network Capacity

Initial optimization is done with respect to a user-defined set of network parameters
in OCELOT
Cell-power levels, Antenna tilts, heights, orientation, azimuth.
Other parameters that control link or cell performance,
i.e. handoff thresholds

Subsequent fine-tuning using switch-based performance tools and friendly user
traffic
minimizes drive test cost
thorough and more accurate view of traffic compared to fixed drove route
Primary tool is System Performance Analysis Tool (SPAT)
No.26
Coverage and Capacity Tradeoff Example
Network coverage:
The fraction of voice or data traffic that can receive service with link quality adequate to
deliver desired service.
Coverage-limiting factors: Noise and interference.
Network capacity:
Amount of voice or data traffic the network can handle at a user-defined overall
network blocking rate.

High Capacity - Low Coverage Reduced Capacity - High Coverage
Cells have equal traffic load
Large interference area
Cell-traffic unbalanced
Small interference areas
Tilt
Example:
5-Sector Scenario
No.27
Coverage and Capacity Trade-off Space
Optimize for all trade-offs
between network coverage and
network capacity
Tradeoff space
Every point in tradeoff space
corresponds to one network
configuration.
Its position represents the
network performance of that
configuration.
The best configurations
found form the Tradeoff
curve.
Tradeoff Curve:
Optimum Configurations
Initial
configuration
Tradeoff Space
Maximum Coverage
Configuration
Maximum Capacity
Configuration
Knee of
Tradeoff Curve
0.80 0.85 0.90
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
Optimized
Initial
N
e
t
w
o
r
k

C
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
Network Coverage
No.28
SPAT
SPAT integrates and performs following functions:
Display & Analysis of Service Measurement Peg Counts and Calculations
ROP Analysis to diagnose cell hardware problems
Neighbor List Management Utilities which include the following:
Undeclared Neighbor List Tool (Identifies NL Additions).
Handoff Matrix Tool (Aids NL Priority Management and NL Deletions)
FCIalert Tool (Maintains NL Integrity)

Problem areas identified by SPAT can also be fed back into OCELOT to further refine
performance

No.29
2G to 3G1x Voice migration
Scenarios and Optimization steps
No.30
2G to 3G Migration
3G services can be gradually phased in on existing 2G deployments
Start with
2G and 3G on the same carrier, or
introduce 3G on a separate carrier
Equip more 3G resources as 3G usage increases

Cell site upgrade to 3G
use of CCU-1x/ECU-1x channel card

No.31
RF optimization/validation tools &
Metrics
RF tool kit similar to that for optimization of a 3G1x voice Cold start
However, requires two handsets
One 2G phone and one 3G phone
Configuration similar to the dual mobile kit used for 2G multi-carrier optimization
RFCT trace two phones (2G and 3G)
Loading
OCNS loading will be similar to that for 2G
3G phone could use additional 2dB attenuation compared to the 2G kit
Analysis Tools
LDAT3G
3gtool
Continue to use LDAT and alert/orig/term tools for 2G phone until LDAT3G is fully compatible
Metrics
Similar to 3G1x Voice cold start or a 2G network
3G1x Voice should perform equally or better than 2G
No.32
RF Optimization - Integrating 3G into 2G
Network
Integrating 3G1x into existing 2G network on the same carrier
Integrating 3G1x voice into existing 2G network should not require re-optimization
in core 3G area
primary goals of optimization are the same
optimization parameters are the same
tool set for drive optimization for 3G1x analogous to 2G
3G1x voice coverage should be as good or better than 2G

If 3G1x is not deployed throughout the network then 3G1x to 2G handoff borders
require optimization (discussed later)

Can utilize SM/ROP data as 3G mobiles make commercial usage
isolate problem areas esp. at 3G-to-2G borders
approach allows getting to commercial stage quicker
Distribute 2G/3G traffic to carriers with respective hardware using 2G and 3G load
preference deltas and Allow 3G1x sharing parameters
- Adjust with growth in 3G subscriber traffic
- Parameters/recommendations discussed in a separate ppt. for RF App. Notes
No.33
RF Optimization - Integrating 3G into 2G
Network cont.

Several migration options possible
Coexist with 2G, or on a separate carrier
Ubiquitous, or concentrated deployments

Four potential scenarios illustrated on following slides
Optimization needs are scenario dependent

No.34
2G to 3G Migration Scenario 1

F1: 2G
F2: 2G

F1: 2G/3G
F2: 2G
Highlights
Deploy 3G voice capability on same carrier (F1) throughout network
No 3G/2G handoff boundaries (unless in overload/resource shortage)
No inter-frequency handoff boundaries (unless in overload/resource shortage)
Requires 3G CCUs on F1

Optimization
No need for RF optimization
No 3G-to-2G handoffs or inter-frequency handoffs to optimize
Customer may require validation
Simultaneous 2G/3G phone calls on the same carrier (F1) use a RF kit with two phones (2G & 3G)
System wide loaded drive should suffice (commercial traffic loading should suffice)
Introduce 3G on an existing carrier
No.35

F1: 2G
F2: 2G

F1: 2G
F2: 2G
F3: 3G
Highlights
Adds 3G Voice capability on a new carrier throughout network
No 3G/2G handoff boundaries (unless in overload/resource shortage)
Requires 3G CCUs on F3

Optimization
Optimization needed similar to that for a new 2G carrier add.
Test Carrier capability (exclusive mode) can be used since separate carrier
No inter-frequency handoffs to optimize
Utilize RF kit with two phones (2G & 3G) 3G on F3, 2G on F1 or F2
System wide loaded drive careful about achieving consistent loading between F1/F2 (commercial traffic)
& F3 (test mobile only)
No 3G-to-2G handoffs to optimize
Introduce 3G on a new carrier
No.36
Highlights
Adds 3G Voice capability on an existing carrier in some parts of the network
3G/2G handoff boundaries
Requires 3G CCUs on F1 in some parts of the network

Optimization
3G-to-2G handoff boundaries to optimize (details later)
No optimization in the core 3G service area
potential validation similar to scenario 1 - perform it after 3G-to-2G handoff optimization

Partial 3G addition the same carrier
F1: 2G
F2: 2G
F1:
2G/3G
F2: 2G

F1: 2G
F2: 2G
No.37
Highlights
Adds 3G Voice capability on a new carrier in some parts of the network
3G-to-2G inter-frequency handoff boundaries
Requires 3G CCUs on F3 in some parts of the network

Optimization
Optimization in the core 3G service area
Similar to scenario 2
Test Carrier capability (exclusive mode) can be used since separate carrier
3G-to-2G inter-frequency handoff boundaries to optimize
Methods similar to 2G-to-2G multicarrier handoffs [2] CIFHOTI and CMPIFHO recommended
Partial 3G addition on a new carrier
F1: 2G
F2: 2G
F1: 2G
F2: 2G
F3: 3G

F1: 2G
F2: 2G
No.38
Various inter/intra generation handoff types
3G-> 2G
2G->2G
3G->3G
No.39
3G to 2G Handoffs Overview
As 3G is integrated into network it is desirable to support handoffs between
technologies

Primary Objectives
Provide reliable and efficient handoffs of Voice calls at 3G to 2G borders
support localized 3G implementation
support 3G to 2G interfrequency and same frequency handoffs at borders
Provide reliable method of interfrequency handoff if resource blocking occurs
hand off to 3G or to 2G

For ubiquitous 2G/3G deployments, software prefers same technology handoffs (2G to
2G, 3G to 3G) at frequency borders or resource overflows

No.40
Some Simple Scenarios
F1, 3G/2G
F1, 2G only
F1, F2
F1Only
F1= 2G
F2 = 3G
F1,F2
both carriers = 2G/3G
Scenario 1 - Ubiquitous 3G/2G Coverage Scenario 2 - 3G/2G Same Frequency Border
Scenario 3 - 3G/2G Interfrequency Border
No.41
3G to 2G Same carrier Handoff
Capabilities
Same frequency 3G to 2G Handoff
3G call attempting to soft handoff to 2G only cell will be directed to 2G on the
same carrier
- will handoff directly into multiple way handoff
- triggered automatically; no translations required
Mobile must support 3G rate set on 2G
If the candidate 2Gonly cell on the current carrier is loaded/resource limited,
transition the call to 2G on another unblocking carrier

Trigger Criteria:
A 2G-only candidate set Pilot triggers 3G to 2G handoff
- If aggregate Active set Pilot Ec/Io is > -10 dB
Then the candidate 2G only Pilot Ec/Io must be equal/stronger than the
strongest Active set Pilot,
- Else the candidate pilot must exceed Tadd

No.42
3G-to-2G Same carrier Handoff example
(npar5108 output)
A 3G-to-2G handoff event can be spotted from npar output of CAIT logs (example below)
General Handoff Direction message includes p_rev X, where X <=5

General Handoff Direction Message
ack_seq 3, msg_seq 5, ack_req 1, encryption 0
implied action time, hdm_seq 0
srch_included 1:
srch_win_a 7, srch_win_n 12, srch_win_r 0
t_add 28, t_drop 32, t_comp 5, t_tdrop 2
soft_slope 0, add_intercept 0, drop_intercept 0
extra_parms 1:
p_rev 3 [ Shows p_rev transitioning from 6(IS2000) to 3(IS95)]
packet_zone_id 0
frame offset 10, private_lcm 0, reset_l2 0, reset_fpc 1
serv_neg_type 0, encrypt 0, nom_pwr_ext 0, nom_pwr 0, num_preamble 7
band_class 0, cdma_freq 384
return_if_handoff_fail 0, periodic_search 0
service_included 0
sup_chan_parms_included 0
use_pwr_cntl_step 0
num_pilots 1:
PN 0x0048 = 72 ( 72 ), combine 0, code channel 61
fpc_subchan_gain 0
use_pc_time 0
rlgain_traffic_pilot 26
default_rlag 0
No.43
3G-to-2G Same carrier Handoff
Optimization
The aggregate Pilot Ec/Io qualifier of > -10 extends the 3G call until mobile is
relatively close to a 2G only cell
Allows maximizing 3G coverage
However, delaying the handoff transition may also result in a failed handoff and hence,
dropped call
Attempt optimization to improve in the problem areas
3G to 2G border test cluster/route selection
Should include area comprised of last tier of 3G cells as well as first tier of 2G only
cells
Similar to inter-frequency border area selection
Pick drive routes to traverse from 3G towards 2G-only coverage
Drive Procedure
Drive with 3G and 2G call on the same carrier
Testing during night time under unloaded and loaded conditions
Same load as for the core 2G or 3G Voice area optimization
Investigate where 3G calls drop but 2G does not
No.44
3G-to-2G Same carrier Handoff
Optimization cont.
Optimization/Troubleshooting
Most important reason for call drop should be rapidly rising Pilot
Adjust coverage to move handoff trigger area to alleviate the problem
Testing during night time under unloaded and loaded conditions
Same load as for the core 2G or 3G Voice area optimization

Other problem may be with 3G call handing to 2G too early.
Possible source will be a 2G-only Pilot overshooting into 3G core area
- Assuming there are no 3G resource limitations
Attempt to reduce the 2G-only overshoot
- Otherwise 3G coverage/capacity will be sacrificed along the border

No.45
3G to 2G Inter-frequency Handoff
Capabilities
Inter-frequency 3G to 2G handoff
All currently supported inter-frequency handoff techniques apply. Includes:
- Pilot Assisted Handoff (Tcomp triggered or Tadd triggered)
- Directed Handoffs (cdhnl and cdhfl forms)
o Interfrequency Handoff Improvements (FID3006.1 or FID3006.2)
o Non-Pilot Assisted Handdown/Blind Handover

Optimization
Methods are similar to that for 2G to 2G multi-carrier handoffs [2]

No.46
3G to 2G Handoffs- Soft Handoff Blocking
Scenarios
If 3G soft handoff is blocked then call will maintain 3G if possible
If another carrier has 3G resources available the mobile will IFHO to carrier using
standard pilot assisted techniques IFHO techniques
handoff to multiple way if CPMIFHO is enabled

If 3G resources are unavailable will go to 2G mode if mobile is rate capable
if applicable will attempt to stay on same carrier
handoff to alternate carrier directly into multiple way handoff (regardless of
CMPIFHO status)

No.47
3G-3G or 2G-2G inter-frequency handoffs
Refers to same technology (3G to 3G or 2G to 2G) handoffs across different
carriers

Similar to inter-frequency handoff techniques in 2G

In a network with mixed 2G/3G service, same technology inter-handoffs favored
E.g., where 3G footprint on a specific carrier ends, software will attempt to
transition the call to a common 3G carrier, if available.
If not, transition the call to 2G

All 2G supported techniques available
Pilot Assisted Handoff (Tcomp triggered or Tadd triggered)
Directed Handoffs
- Interfrequency Handoff Improvements (FID3006.1 or FID3006.2)
- Non-Pilot Assisted Handdown/Blind Handover
Optimization
Same as for existing 2G to 2G multi-carrier handoffs [2]
No.48
Internal Points of Contact / References
Who to call for support/questions
Devesh Patel [email protected] (973) 386-6280
Anu Sandhu [email protected] (973) 386-3166
Murat Berin [email protected] (973) 884-5480

References
[1] 3G-1x Voice RF Optimization Guidelines RFEC (DRAFT)
http://rfec.wh.lucent.com/html/cdma/rf_amp_docs.htm
[2] Multi-carrier RF Optimization Guidelines for PCS and Cellular CDMA
Systems Version 5.0
http://rfec.wh.lucent.com/html/cdma/rf_amp_docs.htm

No.49
Session Summary
RF Optimization definition and objectives
3G1x Voice Cold start RF Optimization procedures
Drive test based
Overview of drive test alternatives
Migrating from a 2G network to 3G voice various options
Associated optimization methods and tools
3G-to-2G handoffs
3G-to-3G or 2G-to-2G handoffs
Optimization considerations

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