Customer Service Department of CDMA Division

Internal Use Only

III. CDMA CHANNEL STRUCTURE
AND MODULATION
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to
master:
Objectives

-- The forward channel in IS-95
Pilot, Sync, Paging and Traffic
-- The reverse channel in IS-95
Access, Traffic
-- CDMA Call Processing
-- New Channels in CDMA20001X

Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Contents
3.1 IS-95 CDMA Channels
3.1.1 Forward CDMA Channels
3.1.2 Reverse CDMA Channels
3.2 IS-2000 CDMA Channels
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
CDMA Call Processing
Power-Up
Initialization
Idle
System
Access
Traffic
Mobile station
has fully acquired
system timing
Mobile station receives a Paging
Channel message requiring ACK
or response, originates a call, or
performs registration
Mobile station is directed
to a Traffic Channel
Mobile station ends use
of the Traffic Channel
Mobile station receives an ACK to
an Access Channel transmission
other than an Origination Message
or a Page Response Message
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Mobile Station Call
Processing States
During call processing, many messages flow between the mobile and
the base station. The mobile station may be in any of the following states:
Mobile Station Initialization State: Pilot Channel acquisition, sync short
PN code. Receive Sync channel Message, obtains SYS_TIMEPRAT
system information,
Mobile Station Idle State: MS monitors messages on the paging channel
to receive configuration parameters from base station
System Access State: MS sends message to the BS on the access
channel
Mobile Station Control on the traffic channel State: MS communicates
with the base station using the forward and reverse traffic channel
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
IS-95 CDMA Channels
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Pilot Channel
Function:
Obtains a phase offset by short PN sequences, in order to identify
different base stations.
Obtains basis timing information
Assists in handoff. Mobile station use pilot strength(signal strength
comparisons between base stations) to identify handoff candidates
and to perform soft handoffs

Characteristic:
Transmitted constantly by the base station
Uses Walsh Code 0.
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Sync Channel(Cont.)
Function:
Carries a data stream of essential system identification and
parameter information used by mobiles during system
acquisition stage



Characteristic:
Bit rate is 1200 bps
Sync channel has a frame duration of 26.666ms,matches
the the period of Short PN Sequences
(Acquired Pilot)
Sync Channel
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Sync Channel Message
PILOT_PN(Pilot PN Sequence Offset Index)
Set to the pilot PN offset for the base station (in units of 64
chips), assigned by the network planner

LC_STATE ( Long Code State )
Provides the mobile station with the base station long code state
at the time given by the SYS_TIME field, generated dynamiclly

SYS_TIME (System Time )


Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Paging Channels
There is one paging channel per sector per CDMA carrier
The Paging Channel uses Walsh code 1 up to 7,unused
paging channels can be used as forward traffic channel
Paging Channel
Used by the base station to
transmit system overhead information
and mobile station-specific messages.
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Paging Channels(Cont.)
The paging channel originates at the base station. A
paging channel notifies mobile stations that they are
receiving an incoming call.
Once the mobile station accepts the page, a traffic
channel is assigned by the base station for the mobile
station to use.
The base station sends the following messages to all of
the paging channels:
System parameters message
Access parameters message
CDMA channel list message
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Paging Channel Overhead Message
System parameters message
Contains the most important CDMA configuration
parameters

Access parameters message
Defines parameters used by the mobile stations when
transmitting to the base station on the access
channel

CDMA channel list message
Defines all the CDMA(frequency)channels supported by
this base station
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Forward Traffic Channels
Used for the transmission of user and signaling information to a specific
mobile station during a call.
Maximum number of traffic channels: 64 minus one Pilot channel, one
Sync channel, and 1 Paging channel.
This leaves each CDMA frequency with at least 55 traffic channels.
Unused paging channels can provide up to 6 additional channels.
Forward Traffic Channel
Forward Traffic Channel
Sync
Paging
Forward Traffic Channel
Forward Traffic Channel
Pilot

CDMA Cell Site

Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Contents
3.1 IS-95 CDMA Channels
3.1.1 Forward CDMA Channels
3.1.2 Reverse CDMA Channels
3.2 IS-2000 CDMA Channels
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Access Channels
Used by the mobile station to:
Initiate communication with the base station not yet in a Call (such as
transmit registration requests, call setup requests/origination message )
Respond to Paging Channel messages
Has a fixed data rate of 4800 bps
Although a sector can have up to seven paging channels, and each paging
channel can have up to 32 access channels, nearly all systems today use
only one paging channel per sector and only one access channel per
paging channel.
4800 bps
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Reverse Traffic Channels
Used when a call is in progress to send:
Response to commands/queries from the base station
Requests to the base station
Supports variable data rate operation for:
A mobile station using the 8kb vocoder transmits information on
the reverse traffic channel at variable data rates
Rate Set 1 - 9600, 4800, 2400 and 1200 bps
13 Kbps vocoder
Rate Set 2 - 14400, 7200, 3600, 1800 bps
Reverse Traffic Channel
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Contents
3.1 IS-95 CDMA Channels
3.1.1 Forward CDMA Channels
3.1.2 Reverse CDMA Channels
3.2 IS-2000 CDMA Channels
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Cdma2000 1xRTT Channel
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only

Forward Quick Paging Channel(F-QPCH)
Forward Supplemental Channel(F-SCH)
Reverse Pilot Channel
Reverse Supplement Channel(R-SCH)
Additional Channel in 1X
Commercial System
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
F-QPCH Functions
Base Station use F-QPCHs signaling to inform MS which
is surrounding of its coverage and work in slotted mode
and just in idle state.
Mobile monitors QPCH to determine if there is a paging
forthcoming on paging channel in its slot (looks at 1-bit
paging indicator)
If no flag, then mobile continues to sleep; if have flag, the
mobile monitors appropriate slot and decodes general
page message
Without QPCH, mobile must monitor regular paging
channel slot and decode several fields to determine
whether page is for it or not; this drains mobile batteries
quickly
The main purpose of QPCH is to save mobile battery life.
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Forward Supplemental Channel (F-SCH)
Assigned for high-speed packet data (>9.6 kbps) in the
forward direction; (FCH is always assigned to each call)
Up to 2 F-SCH can be assigned to a single mobile
SCH cannot exist without having a fundamental channel
established
SCH-1
File transfer at 144 kbps
FCH
Voice, power control and link continuity
Mobile 1
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Reverse Pilot Channel (R-PICH)
Implement Quick Power Control on the Forward Link
Allows base station to do timing corrections without
having to guess where mobile is (in search window)
The Reverse Pilot Channel is an unmodulated spread
spectrum signal used to assist the base station in
detecting a mobile station transmission.
Customer Service Department of CDMA Division
Internal Use Only
Reverse Supplemental
Channel (R-SCH)
Used for high-speed packet data (>9.6 kbps)
Difference between F-SCH and R-SCH is in Walsh code based
spreading
F-SCH supports Walsh code lengths of 4 to 128 (1xRTT)
R-SCH uses either a 2-digit or 4-digit Walsh code; rate matching
done by repetition of encoded and interleaved symbols
Walsh code allocation sequence is pre-determined and
common to all mobiles
Users are differentiated using long PN code with user mask