Lifting equipment at work

A brief guide
Introduction
This presentation provides general information
about the requirements of the Lifting
Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations
1998 (LOLER):
What employers need to do to protect your
employees
Also useful to employees and their
representatives

What equipment is covered by the
Regulations?
Lifting equipment includes any equipment used
at work for lifting or lowering loads, including
attachments used for anchoring, fixing or
supporting it.

Also includes lifting accessories such as chains,
slings, eyebolts etc.


Regulations cover:
cranes
forklift
trucks
lifts
hoists
mobile elevating work platforms
vehicle inspection platform hoists
Lifting equipment provided by employees on
their own

LOLER does not apply to escalators, which are
covered more specifically by the Workplace
(Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992.

Do the Regulations apply to me?
They apply to you if:
You are an employer or self-employed person
providing lifting equipment for use at work, or
You have control of the use of lifting
equipment
They do not apply if:
You provide equipment to be used primarily
by members of the public, for example lifts in
a shopping centre.

The Regulations cover workplaces where the
HSW Act applies this includes
factories
offshore installations
agricultural premises
offices
shops
hospitals
hotels
places of entertainment, etc.

While your employees do not have specific
duties under LOLER, they do have general
duties under the HSW Act and the
Management of Health and Safety at Work
Regulations 1999 (the Management
Regulations), for example to take reasonable
care of themselves and others who may be
affected by their actions and to co-operate
with others.

What do the Regulations require me to do?
Make sure that all lifting equipment is:
sufficiently strong, stable and suitable for the
proposed use. Similarly, the load and anything
attached (eg timber pallets, lifting points) must
be suitable;
positioned or installed to prevent the risk of
injury, eg from the equipment or the load falling
or striking people;
visibly marked with any appropriate information
to be taken into account for its safe use, eg safe
working loads. Accessories, eg slings, clamps etc,
should be similarly marked.



Additionally, you must make sure that:

lifting operations are planned, supervised and carried out in a
safe manner by people who are competent;
where equipment is used for lifting people it is marked
accordingly, and it should be safe for such a purpose, eg all
necessary precautions have been taken to eliminate or reduce
any risk;
where appropriate, before lifting equipment (including
accessories) is used for the first time, it is thoroughly
examined. Lifting equipment may need to be thoroughly
examined in use at periods specified in the Regulations or at
intervals laid down in an examination scheme drawn up by a
competent person. All examination work should be performed
by a competent person;
following a thorough examination or inspection of any lifting
equipment, a report is submitted by the competent person to
the employer to take the appropriate action.


Why is lifting equipment safety
important?
Moving machinery can cause injuries in many ways:
People can be hit and injured by moving parts of machinery or dropped or
ejected material. Parts of the body can also be drawn in or trapped
between rollers, belts, chains and pulley drives.
Sharp edges can cause cuts and severing injuries, sharp-pointed parts can
stab or puncture the skin, and rough surface parts can cause friction or
abrasion.
People can be crushed both between parts moving together or towards a
fixed part of the machine, wall or other object, and two parts moving past
one another can cause shearing.
Parts of the machine, materials and emissions (such as steam or water) can
be hot or cold enough to cause burns or scalds and electricity can cause
electrical shock and burns.
Equipment or attachments can become unreliable and develop faults due to
poor or no maintenance, or machines may be used improperly through
inexperience or lack of training.
Parts of the equipment may fail and loads may drop.

BEFORE YOU START
Think about what risks may
occur from using any equipment and
how these can be managed. You should:

Check that it is complete, with all safeguards fitted, and free from
defects.
Produce a safe system of work for using and maintaining the
equipment. Maintenance may require the inspection of critical
features where deterioration would cause a risk. Also look at the
residual risks identified by the manufacturer in their
information/instructions provided with the equipment and make
sure they are included in the safe system of work.
Make sure the equipment has been installed properly, is stable and
is not in a location where other workers, customers or visitors may
be exposed to risk.
Make sure you have chosen the right equipment for the job.

Note that new equipment should be CE marked
and be supplied with a Declaration of
Conformity and instructions in English.
Make sure the equipment is:
safe for any work that has to be done when
setting up, during normal use, when carrying
out repairs for breakdowns or faults, and during
planned maintenance;
properly switched off, isolated or locked-off
before taking any action to remove blockages,
clean or adjust the equipment.

Also, make sure you identify and
deal with the risks from:
electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic power
supplies;
badly designed safeguards. These may be
inconvenient to use or easily overridden,
which could encourage your workers to risk
injury and break the law. If they are, find out
why they are doing it and take appropriate
action to deal with the reasons/causes.

Preventing access to dangerous parts
Prevent access to dangerous parts in the following order. In
some cases it may be necessary to use a combination of
these measures:

Use fixed guards (eg secured with screws or nuts and bolts) to enclose
the dangerous parts, whenever practicable. Use the best material for
these guards. Where you use wire mesh or similar materials, make sure
the holes are not large enough to allow access to moving parts.
If fixed guards are not practicable, use other methods, eg interlock the
guard so that the equipment cannot be started before the guard is
closed and cannot be opened while the machine is still moving. In some
cases, trip systems (such as photoelectric devices, pressure-sensitive
mats or automatic guards) may be used.
Where guards cannot give full protection, use jigs, holders, push sticks
etc if it is practicable to do so.
Control any remaining risk by providing the operator with the necessary
information, instruction, training, supervision and appropriate safety
equipment.


Other things you should consider
Make sure control switches are clearly marked to show what they
do.
Have emergency stop controls where necessary, eg mushroom-
head push buttons within easy reach.
Make sure operating controls are designed and placed to avoid
accidental operation and injury. Use two-hand controls where
necessary and shroud start buttons and pedals.
Do not let unauthorised, unqualified or untrained people use lifting
equipment. Some workers, eg new starters, young people or those
with disabilities, may be particularly at risk and need instruction,
training and supervision.
Adequate training should ensure that those who use the equipment
are competent to use it safely (they have the necessary skills,
knowledge and experience), and are physically suited to the task.
Make sure the work area around the equipment is kept clean and
tidy, free from obstructions or slips and trips hazards, and well lit.

DOS AND DONTS OF EQUIPMENT
SAFETY

Do...
check the equipment is well maintained and fit to
be used, ie appropriate for the job, working
properly and all the safety measures are in place;
make sure all parts, including attachments, can
accommodate the load weight;
use the equipment properly and in accordance
with the manufacturers instructions;
make sure employees are wearing the
appropriate protective clothing and equipment,
required for that machine, such as safety glasses,
head protection and safety shoes.

Dont...
use equipment that has a danger sign or tag
attached to it. Danger signs should only be
removed by an authorised person who is satisfied
that the equipment or process is now safe;
remove any safeguards, even if their presence
seems to make the job more difficult;
wear dangling chains, loose clothing, rings or
have loose long hair that could get caught up in
moving parts;
distract people who are using equipment.

SAFE LIFTING BY MACHINE
Think about risks such as the following
and how they can be managed:

damage or deterioration of the equipment or attachments
caused by wet, abrasive or corrosive environments;
trying to move weights that are too heavy and exceed the load
limit of the machine; equipment failure;
untrained workers planning the lift or using the equipment;
people being struck by moving parts of the equipment or by
things falling
Safe lifting needs to be properly planned by a competent person,
appropriately supervised and carried out safely. Any equipment
you use must have been properly designed, manufactured and
tested. Dont forget maintenance.



Factors you should consider
What are you lifting, and what problems does it
present?
How heavy is it, and is this within the safe limits
for the lifting gear?
Where is its centre of gravity?
How will you attach it to the lifting machinery?
Who is in control of the lift?
Could you rehearse the lift if necessary?

DOS AND DONTS OF LIFTING
SAFELY
Do:
use only certified lifting equipment, marked with its safe working load, which is
not overdue for examination;
keep the reports of thorough examination as well as any declarations of conformity
or test certificates;
make sure the load is properly attached to the lifting equipment. If necessary,
securely bind the load to prevent it slipping or falling off;
before lifting an unbalanced load, find out its centre of gravity. Raise it a few
inches off the ground and pause there will be little harm if it drops;
use packaging to prevent sharp edges of the load from damaging slings and do
not allow tackle to be damaged by being dropped, dragged from under loads
or subjected to sudden loads;
when using jib cranes, make sure any indicators for safe loads are working
properly and set correctly for the job and the way the machine is configured;
use outriggers where necessary;
when using multi-slings make sure the sling angle is taken into account;
have a responsible slinger or banksman and use a recognised signalling system.

Dont...
use unsuitable equipment, eg makeshift,
damaged, badly worn chains shortened with
knots, kinked or twisted wire ropes, frayed or
rotted fibre ropes;
exceed the safe working load of machinery or
accessories like chains, slings and grabs.
Remember that the load in the legs of a sling
increases as the angle between the legs
increases;
lift a load if you doubt its weight or the adequacy
of the equipment.

EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
Why is maintenance of equipment
important?
Maintenance allows faults from unreliable
equipment to be diagnosed early and corrected
to manage any risks.
An effective maintenance programme will make
equipment more reliable. Fewer breakdowns will
mean less dangerous contact with equipment is
required, as well as having the cost benefits of
better productivity and efficiency.
LOLER requires lifting equipment to be
maintained so that it remains safe and that
maintenance is carried out safely.


What do I have to do?
You need to demonstrate that you have
arrangements in place to make sure they are
maintained in a safe condition.
Think about what hazards can occur:
if equipment or an attachment breaks during use;
equipment starts up unexpectedly;
there is contact with materials that are normally
enclosed within the machine, ie caused by
leaks/breakage/ejection etc;
if a load or part of a load falls.

Failing to correctly plan and communicate clear
instructions and information before starting
maintenance can lead to confusion and can
cause accidents.
This can be a particular problem if maintenance
is carried out during normal production work
or where there are contractors who are
unfamiliar with the site.

Extra care is also required if maintenance
involves:
working at height or when doing work that
requires access to unusual parts of the
building;
entering vessels or confined spaces where
there may be toxic materials or a lack of
breathable of air

How can I do it?
Establish a planned maintenance programme
and a reporting procedure for workers who
may notice problems while working on
machinery.
Some items of equipment may have safety-
critical features where deterioration would
cause a risk. You must have arrangements in
place to make sure the necessary inspections
take place.

Before you start maintenance
Decide if the work should be done by specialist contractors.
Never take on work for which you are not competent or not
prepared.
Plan the work carefully before you start, ideally using the
manufacturers maintenance instructions, and produce a
safe system of work. This will reduce the risks and avoid
unforeseen delays.
Make sure maintenance staff are competent and have
appropriate clothing and equipment.
Try and use downtime for maintenance. You can avoid the
difficulties in co-ordinating maintenance and lost
production if maintenance work is performed before start-
up or during shutdown periods.

Safe working areas
You must provide safe access and a safe place of
work.
Dont just focus on the safety of maintenance
workers take the necessary precautions to
ensure the safety of others who may be affected
by their work, eg other employees or contractors
working nearby.
Set up signs and barriers and position people at
key points if they are needed to keep other
people out.

How do the Regulations relate to other
health and safety legislation?

The requirements of the Regulations need to be
considered alongside other health and safety law.
section 2 of the HSW Act requires all employers to
ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health,
safety and welfare of all their employees.
the Management Regulations contain important duties
which relate to the carrying out of a risk assessment to
identify measures that you can take to eliminate, or
reduce, the risks presented by the particular hazards in
your workplace.
Under the Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Regulations 1992 there may be a need to provide a
safety harness for rope access work during activities
such as window cleaning.




More information
Telephone: +44 (0) 121 460 1113
Fax: +44 (0) 121 460 1116
Email: [email protected]
http://www.worlifts.co.uk/