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Writing Results and Discussions

The document provides guidance on writing the results and discussion, summary, and conclusions sections of a research paper. It lists questions researchers should ask themselves before writing these sections, such as whether the data gathered supports the study objectives and if there are any relationships between independent and dependent variables. The document also offers tips on properly structuring these sections, such as starting with a reference to any tables or figures and discussing each set of data completely before moving to the next. Researchers are advised to use the stated objectives as a reference for the summary and conclusion and show if both the minor and major objectives were achieved based on the results.

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Aldon Galido
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257 views19 pages

Writing Results and Discussions

The document provides guidance on writing the results and discussion, summary, and conclusions sections of a research paper. It lists questions researchers should ask themselves before writing these sections, such as whether the data gathered supports the study objectives and if there are any relationships between independent and dependent variables. The document also offers tips on properly structuring these sections, such as starting with a reference to any tables or figures and discussing each set of data completely before moving to the next. Researchers are advised to use the stated objectives as a reference for the summary and conclusion and show if both the minor and major objectives were achieved based on the results.

Uploaded by

Aldon Galido
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WRITING RESULTS AND

DISCUSSION, SUMMARY
AND CONCLUSIONS
Goal/s
Look over data and check how it answers
(or does not answer) problems set out at
the beginning of the study.
◦ Data gathered, events observed support the
study?
◦ Are the objectives in the study achieved? Why
or why not?
Eh, paano ba umpisahan ang
pagsulat ng R&D, hindi pa nga
kami tapos sa experimentation
and testing?
Questions to ask BEFORE Writing
R&D: science projects
If different concentrations/amounts of
substances were used, is there an optimal
concentration/amount that will produce
the desired effect? How about the
detrimental effect?
Any relationship between the independent
and dependent variables?
Questions to ask BEFORE Writing
R&D: science projects
Are there qualitative and/or quantitative
similarities and differences between one
set of data and another?
Are there any unexpected results (i.e.
based on your hypothesis)
Questions to ask BEFORE Writing
R&D: tech projects
Why does one model design work better
(or worse) than another?
◦ Describe the evolution of design and reasons
for change from original version
What are some of the science and
technology principles that make the
constructed device work well (or not
perform well)
Questions to ask BEFORE Writing
R&D: tech projects
Drawings, photographs of the tech gadget
at different stages of design and
construction process.
What books, journals, and websites can
you cite that will help you defend to
improve your design?
◦ Are there related, past researches that you can
cite?
Okay, eh hindi ko pa alam ano
ang magiging first paragraph ng
paper.
Writing Proper
The contents of the R&D section depends
on the sequence of procedures described
in the Materials and Methods section of
the paper.
Do not describe how the data was
obtained. That belongs to the M&M
section.
Writing Proper
Do not start a section with table or figure.
Always start with a reference to the table
or figure, describing the contents in
paragraph form.
Data should be presented first (in
descriptive format), followed by a
description of observable trends and other
important observations, then the analysis.
Writing Proper
Do not jump from one set of data to
another. Discuss each section completely
and thoroughly before moving on to the
next
Meron bang example or guide?
Summary and Conclusion (and
Recommendations
The Summary and Conclusion section
should always use the stated objectives
as reference.
A summary of the results should be
made, highlighting the important
findings in relation to the minor
objectives stated
Summary and Conclusion (and
Recommendations
The accomplishment of the minor
objectives should be shown in order of
appearance in the Statement of the
Problem.
After all minor objectives have been
addressed, the project conclusion follows.
The project conclusion should state if the
major objective (project task) of the
project has been achieved. The basis for
the conclusion should be stated.
Summary and Conclusion (and
Recommendations
Finally, the conclusion should state if
the real life problem (project goal) has
been successfully addressed by the
project
Another example or guide?
Mukhang madali…pero:
Ang hirap naman kasi ng STR.
Walang internet/mabagal internet sa
bahay/dorm.
Ambagal pa ng groupmates ko.
Ang hectic pa ng schedule ko.
December na…Hindi ko pa alam pano i-
ask si _______ sa prom, nakakastress ang
puro “I’ll think about it!”
Work, work, work…on track pa
naman kami at konti na lang…
Truth 8- Endico, Nogales, San Antonio
Truth 5- Almirante, Serrano, Oxales
Truth 3 - Del Rosario, Suratos, Carreon
Truth 2- Bernardo, Carag, Mathay
Truth 7- Doronila, Encarnacion, Alba
EXCUSES Lang Yan!
Deadline: DECEMBER
7, 2009; Monday, 9PM

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