Digital signal processors (DSPs) are specialized microprocessors designed to optimize performance for digital signal processing tasks like Fast Fourier Transforms. DSPs have hardware designed to perform multiply-accumulate operations in a single cycle, making them faster than general purpose processors for these types of tasks. DSPs are used widely in applications like cellular phones, scientific instruments, audio equipment, and more. While general purpose processors can perform digital signal processing, DSPs are optimized for this work and often provide better performance and lower power consumption.
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Introduction To DSP Processors
Digital signal processors (DSPs) are specialized microprocessors designed to optimize performance for digital signal processing tasks like Fast Fourier Transforms. DSPs have hardware designed to perform multiply-accumulate operations in a single cycle, making them faster than general purpose processors for these types of tasks. DSPs are used widely in applications like cellular phones, scientific instruments, audio equipment, and more. While general purpose processors can perform digital signal processing, DSPs are optimized for this work and often provide better performance and lower power consumption.
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DSP Processors
Why to Study Digital Signal Processors ?
Computers Designed for business and other general applications which are not optimized for algorithms such as, Digital filtering Fourier analysis.
Digital Signal Processors are microprocessors specifically designed to handle Digital Signal Processing tasks (e.g. Fast Fourier Transforms, inner products, Multiply & Accumulate) Tremendous growth in the last decade, finding use in everything from cellular telephones to advanced scientific instruments.
Hardware engineers use "DSP" to mean Digital Signal Processor, just as
Algorithm developers use "DSP" to mean Digital Signal Processing.
Key difference: DSP / DSP Processor / MC DSP stands for digital signal processing. Signal processing that is done on a digital signal or information signal.
A DSP processor is a specialized microprocessor that has an architecture optimized for the operational needs of digital signal processing.
Microcontroller, on the other hand, is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable I/O peripherals. The microcontroller often also includes program memory, as well as, a small amount of RAM. Digital Signal Processors Microcontroller Don't have a flash program memory. They need the software to be 'loaded' into them. Have a non power off erasable program memory inside, some with EPROM store capabilities. Much faster for integer mathematics operations.(Floating point operation) Many microcontrollers do not have the hardware.(Co-processors) Much faster for floating point operations. In microcontrollers, this has to be done in software. DSPs are not designed to be a 'robust' device. They need a well designed board to work properly. Microcontrollers can work on a Test Board. DSPs are a fast calculator microprocessor, that is very effective for computing calculations and moving data. Microcontrollers are a more flexible device with more features. GPP Drawbacks More instructions/task. Slow in performing multiply and divide operations. Consume many cycles to complete. Common Memory for data and program Limited bus/memory bandwidth Solution : DSP Architectures The DSP performs multiplication in a single cycle by implementing all shift and add operations in parallel.
DSPs have a specialized instruction that allows them to multiply, add, and save the result in a single cycle.
This instruction is usually called MAC (short for Multiply, Accumulate). Some practical DSP systems are: Hi-Fi Equipment(Music Systems) Toys Videophones Modems Phone Systems 3D Graphics Systems(flight simulators) Image Processing Systems(compression, robot vision, fingerprint recognition, etc)
Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Advantages
Repeatability Low sensitivity to component tolerances Low sensitivity to temperature changes Low sensitivity to aging effects Nearly identical performance from unit to unit Matched circuits cost less. High noise immunity In many applications DSP offers higher performance and lower cost. CD players versus phonographic turntable Why go digital? Analogue signal processing is achieved by using analogue components such as: Resistors. Capacitors. Inductors. The inherent tolerances associated with these components, temperature, voltage changes and mechanical vibrations can dramatically affect the effectiveness of the analogue circuitry.
Why go digital? With DSP it is easy to: Change applications. Correct applications. Update applications. Additionally DSP reduces: Noise susceptibility. Chip count. Development time. Cost. Power consumption.
Why NOT go digital? High frequency signals cannot be processed digitally because of two reasons: Analog to Digital Converters, ADC cannot work fast enough.
The application can be too complex to be performed in real-time. Why not use a General Purpose Processor (GPP) such as a Pentium instead of a DSP processor?
What is the power consumption of a Pentium and a DSP processor?
What is the cost of a Pentium and a DSP processor? Why do we need DSP processors? Use a DSP processor when the following are required: Cost saving. Smaller size. Low power consumption. Processing of many high frequency signals in real-time. Use a GPP processor when the following are required: Large memory. Advanced operating systems.
Why do we need DSP processors?
Advantages of DSP Processors Characteristics of DSP Processors Types of architectures Architecture for programmable DSP devices. Execution Control & Pipelining. Programmable DSP TMS320C67xx Analog DSP Processor 21061 series Implementation of DSP Algorithms. eg. FIR, IIR filters, Adaptive filters etc.