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C++ Strings

This document discusses manipulating strings in C++. It introduces strings as sequences of characters that can be stored and manipulated. The std::string class provides functions to create, modify, compare and access characters in strings. Common operations include concatenating, inserting, erasing, replacing parts of strings as well as accessing individual characters. Functions like size(), length(), capacity() provide characteristics of string objects.

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Suganya Selvaraj
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711 views12 pages

C++ Strings

This document discusses manipulating strings in C++. It introduces strings as sequences of characters that can be stored and manipulated. The std::string class provides functions to create, modify, compare and access characters in strings. Common operations include concatenating, inserting, erasing, replacing parts of strings as well as accessing individual characters. Functions like size(), length(), capacity() provide characteristics of string objects.

Uploaded by

Suganya Selvaraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MANIPULATING STRINGS

Resources
[1] Object Oriented Programming with C++ (3
rd
Edition)
E Balagurusamy
[2] Teach Yourself C++ (3
rd
Edition) H Schildt


INTRODUCTION
A string is a sequence of character.

We have used null terminated <char> arrays (C-
strings or C-style strings) to store and manipulate
strings.

ANSI C++ provides a class called string.

We must include <string> in our program.

AVAILABLE OPERATIONS
Creating string objects.
Reading string objects from keyboard.
Displaying string objects to the screen.
Finding a substring from a string.
Modifying string objects.
Adding string objects.
Accessing characters in a string.
Obtaining the size of string.
And many more.
COMMONLY USED STRING CONSTRUCTORS
String();
// For creating an empty string.
String(const char *str);
// For creating a string object from a null-terminated
string.
String(const string &str);
// For creating a string object from other string object.
CREATING STRING OBJECTS
string s1, s3; // Using constructor with no arguments.
string s2(xyz); // Using one-argument constructor.
s1 = s2; // Assigning string objects
s3 = abc + s2; // Concatenating strings

cin >> s1; // Reading from keyboard (one word)
cout << s2; // Display the content of s2
getline(cin, s1) // Reading from keyboard a line of text

s3 += s1; // s3 = s3 + s1;
s3 += abc; // s3 = s3 + abc;

MANIPULATING STRING OBJECTS
string s1(12345);
string s2(abcde);

s1.insert(4, s2); // s1 = 1234abcde5

s1.erase(4, 5); // s1 = 12345

s2.replace(1, 3, s1); // s2 = a12345e
MANIPULATING STRING OBJECTS
insert()

erase()

replace()

append()
RELATIONAL OPERATIONS
string s1(ABC); string s2(XYZ);
int x = s1.compare(s2);
x == 0 if s1 == s2
x > 0 if s1 > s2
x < 0 if s1 < s2
Operator Meaning
== Equality
!= Inequality
< Less than
<= Less than or equal
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal
STRING CHARACTERISTICS
void display(string &str)
{
cout << Size = << str.size() << endl;
cout << Length = << str.length() << endl;
cout << Capacity = << str.capacity() << endl;
cout << Max Size = << str.max_size() << endl;
cout << Empty: << (str.empty() ? yes : no) <<
endl;
cout << endl << endl;
}
STRING CHARACTERISTICS
Function Task
size() Number of elements currently stored
length() Number of elements currently stored
capacity() Total elements that can be stored
max_size() Maximum size of a string object that
a system can support
emply() Return true or 1 if the string is empty
otherwise returns false or 0
resize() Used to resize a string object
(effects only size and length)
ACCESSING CHARACTERS IN STRINGS
Function Task
at() For accessing individual characters
substr() For retrieving a substring
find() For finding a specific substring
find_first_of() For finding the location of first occurrence of the specific
character(s)
find_last_of() For finding the location of first occurrence of the specific
character(s)

[] operator For accessing individual character. Makes the string object
to look like an array.
COMPARING AND SWAPPING
There is another overloaded version of compare

int compare(int start_1, int length_1, string s_2, int
start_2, int length_2)

string s1, s2;
int x = s1.compare(0, 2, s2, 2, 2);

s1.swap(s2)
Exchanges the content of string s1 and s2

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