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Circular Motion

The document discusses circular motion, including position, velocity, uniform circular motion, and uniformly accelerated circular motion. Key concepts are angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and how to characterize circular trajectories based on changes in angular position over time.

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Greg Eleftheriou
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© © All Rights Reserved
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198 views

Circular Motion

The document discusses circular motion, including position, velocity, uniform circular motion, and uniformly accelerated circular motion. Key concepts are angular velocity, centripetal acceleration, and how to characterize circular trajectories based on changes in angular position over time.

Uploaded by

Greg Eleftheriou
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 1BB3 Fall 2011

Circular Motion
1
Mechanics:
Circular Motion
Reading: Knights textbook (1st edition): Chapter 7.1-5
Knights textbook (2nd edition): Chapter 4.5-6 & 8.2-6
Recommended: Knights textbook (1st edition): Exercises: 1,2,3,5,11; Problems:
28,31,38.
Knights textbook (2nd edition): Exercises: 4.20,21,23,28; 8.6 ; Problems: 4.61;
8.28,34.
Important concepts:
Angular velocity
Uniform circular motion
Centripetal acceleration
Centrifugal force
Physics 1BB3 Fall 2011
Circular Motion
2
Position and circular motion


r
A motion along the circle is characterized by a change in
angular position, , and an arc length s=R .

r =
x
y

R
The position of an object with circular
motion is characterized by the radius of the
trajectory, R, and the angular position of the
object, .

From these, the coordinates of the object
can be easily calculated.
x=Rcos
y=Rsin

Physics 1BB3 Fall 2011
Circular Motion
3
Circular trajectories: Exercise


An object moves along a R=10 cm circle and changes
its angular position by /2. Calculate its total
displacement and total distance traveled.
Answer: Displacement: 14 cm; Distance traveled:
16 cm.
Physics 1BB3 Fall 2011
Circular Motion
4
Velocity & circular motion

The angular velocity, is defined as the
change in angular position with respect to
time: (t)=d/dt.
It is expressed in rad/s.

* The speed of the object along the
circular trajectory is v(t)=R(t).
* The velocity is tangent to the circle.

Proof: cos((t)) -sin((t))
sin((t)) cos((t))
|v|=R and v perpendicular to r
v = dr/dt =R

r = R
r
x
y
(t)
v
Physics 1BB3 Fall 2011
Circular Motion
5
Circular trajectories: Question


What kind of circular motions does either of these
graphs represent?
How can one find the angular velocity from the graph?

t
t
1.
2.
1: Uniform circular motion. The
slope of the graph is equal to
the angular velocity, and
remains constant.
2: Accelerated circular motion.
The slope of the graph is equal
to the angular velocity, and
inceases with time.
Physics 1BB3 Fall 2011
Circular Motion
6
Uniform circular motion:

The angular velocity, , and speed, v, are constant.
The angular position, , changes linearly with time: (t)= t.
The period of the motion is T=2/ and its frequency f=1/T= /2

The acceleration is centripetal and its magnitude is
a=v
2
/R=R
2
.
centripetal=center-seeking

r
1

x
v
2
r
2

a
Proof:




-v
1

v
2

a
-sin( t))
cos( t))
-cos( t))
-sin( t))
|a|=R
2
=v
2
/R and a//r
v = R
a = R
2

Physics 1BB3 Fall 2011
Circular Motion
7
Uniform linear motion Uniform circular motion
x(t) = v t (t) = t
v is constant is constant
v is constant
v is not constant
a = 0 a
parallel
= 0
a
perpendicular
= v
2
/R = R
2

Physics 1BB3 Fall 2011
Circular Motion
8
Uniformly accelerated circular motion:

The angular acceleration, , is defined as the change in angular
velocity with respect to time: (t)=d/dt=d
2
/dt
2
.
In that case, in addition to a radial component (a
R
=v
2
/R=R
2
,
centripetal acceleration), the acceleration also has a tangential
component (a
T
=R).
If is constant then the motion is said to be uniformly
accelerated.
For a uniformly accelerated motion:
(t) =
0
+(t-t
0
)
(t) =
0
+
0
(t-t
0
) +(1/2) (t-t
0
)
2

(t)
2
=
0
2
+2( -
0
)

x
v
2

a
v
1

a
R a
T

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