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Fiber Distributed Data Interface: By: Aziz Ur Rehman

FDDI is a fiber optic token ring network that provides data transmission at 100 Mbps. It uses a dual-ring topology with counter-rotating rings to provide fault tolerance. FDDI stations can be either single-attachment stations that connect to one ring through a concentrator, or dual-attachment stations that connect directly to both rings. While popular in the 1990s, FDDI was later displaced by faster Ethernet standards as the technology of choice for campus backbone networks.

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314 views26 pages

Fiber Distributed Data Interface: By: Aziz Ur Rehman

FDDI is a fiber optic token ring network that provides data transmission at 100 Mbps. It uses a dual-ring topology with counter-rotating rings to provide fault tolerance. FDDI stations can be either single-attachment stations that connect to one ring through a concentrator, or dual-attachment stations that connect directly to both rings. While popular in the 1990s, FDDI was later displaced by faster Ethernet standards as the technology of choice for campus backbone networks.

Uploaded by

api-19795318
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FDDI

Fiber Distributed Data Interface

By: Aziz Ur Rehman


FDDI Position in the OSI Reference
Model
 FDDI is defined as the two bottom layers of the
seven-layer OSI reference model
 It provides a transport facility for higher-level
protocols such as TCP/IP

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FDDI Position in the OSI Reference
Model

Physical layer is subdivided into:


physical-medium-dependent (PMD)
sublayer defines the details of the fiber-optic
cable used
the physical (PHY) layer specifies
encoding/decoding and clocking
operation

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Fiber Distributed Data
Interface
 Fiber Distributed Data Interface
 100 Mbps token passing ring
 ANSI X3I9.5 not IEEE
 networks interconnecting computer systems and
network
 FDDI applications include directly connecting
workstations and servers in workgroups, and serving as
a high-speed backbone to connect other networks in a
building, in a campus environment, or in a city.

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FDDI

 FDDI networks are not used for wide area


 FDDI networks are not used for wide area
networks where network radii typically
exceed 100 km
 FDDI was very popular in networks that
required 100 Mbps capability prior to 1996.

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FDDI

 Since 1996, 100 Mbps Ethernet/802.3 (


 Fast Ethernet) and 1000 Mbps
Ethernet/802.3( Gigabit Ethernet) technologies
have displaced new FDDI installations.
 100Mbps
 LAN and MAN applications
 Token Ring

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FDDI MAC Frame Format

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IEEE 802.3 Frame Format

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Token Ring MAC Frame

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Operation

 Station seizes token by aborting token


transmission
 Once token captured, one or more data
frames transmitted
 New token released as soon as transmission
finished (early token release in 802.5)

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FDDI Physical Layer

 Medium Optical Fiber Twisted Pair


 Data rate 100 100
 Signaling 4B/5B/NRZI MLT-3
 Max repeaters 100 100
 Between repeaters 2km 100m

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FDDI’s physical layer
Specifications
 FDDI’s physical layer is based on fiber-optic cable.
 Fiber runs cannot be longer than 2 km between nodes
for multimode fiber and there is a total allowable
distance of 100 km per FDDI ring ( two rings are
allowed). Each ring consists of two fibers. Thus, two
rings use four fibers.
 FDDI also supports copper cable via a related
technology called CDDI, which stands for Copper
Distributed Data Interface. CDDI supports both
unshielded twisted-pair ( UTP) and shielded twisted-pair
(STP).

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FDDI’s physical layer
Specifications
 FDDI’s physical layer does not use
Manchester encoding, which is used in
Ethernet/802.3 and 802.5 LANs.
 FDDI uses a “group” encoding scheme
known as the 4B/5B method, which stands
for four bits in five baud, or four-bit to five-bit.
 The 4B/5B encoding method takes data in
four-bit codes and maps them to
corresponding five-bit codes.
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FDDI’s physical layer
Specifications
 These five-bit codes are then transmitted
using a technique called NRZI, which stands
for non-return to zero, invert on ones.
 FDDI Signaling
 Uses an encoding scheme called 4B/5B
 Every four bits of data are sent as a 5 bit code
 Signal sources are LEDs or lasers

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FDDI Rings

 FDDI specifies dual rings for physical


connections
 Traffic on each ring travels in opposite directions
 Rings consist of two or more point-to-point
connections between adjacent stations
 Primary ring is for data transmission
 Secondary ring is for back up

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Single-Attachment Stations

 SAS
 Class B
 Attach to one ring ( primary) Attached
through a concentrator.
 Provides connection for multiple SASs .
 Ensures that no one SAS can interrupt the
ring

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Single-Attachment Stations

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Dual Attachment Stations

 DAS
 Class A
 Attach to both rings
 Has two ports to connect to the dual ring
 Both ports connect to both the rings

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Dual Attachment Stations

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Advantages to FDDI
 100 Mbps
 long cables are supported (up to 200 Km)
 built-in network management
 fair access through negotiation
 increased reliability of fiber optic, resistant to
eavesdropping
 non-electric, maintains ground isolation
between buildings
 cable cost comparable to UTP

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Disadvantages to FDDI

 concentrators and boards are expensive


 substantial expertise needed to install and
maintain

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Differences: FDDI B/W 802.5

 FDDI  802.5
 Fiber, STP, UTP  STP, UTP
 100 Mbps  4/16 Mbps
 MTU 4500 Bytes  MTU 4500-18K Bytes
 Fault Tolerant Dual  No fault tolerance
Ring built into spec
 Distributed Clock  Centralized Clock
 Early Release  Release after receive

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Support frames

 To accommodate a mixture of stream and


bursty traffic, FDDI is designed to handle two
types of traffic:
 Synchronous frames that typically have tighter
delay requirements (e.g., voice and video)
 Asynchronous frames have greater delay
tolerances (e.g., data traffic)

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Applications

 Mission critical requirements for fault


tolerance
 LAN needs connectivity to MAN
 Need for high bandwidth
 Voice and video
 used where distance between stations are
excess of 100 meter
 Locations where EMI and RFI

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Product and service providers

 Cabletron systems
 DSI
 BayNetworks
 3COM
 Madge

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