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Fourier Series

The document presents the Fourier series representation of a periodic function f(t). It defines the Fourier series as a sum of cosine and sine terms with coefficients ao, an, and bn. It derives equations to calculate the coefficients by integrating the function f(t) multiplied by cosine and sine terms over one period. Finally, it presents the Fourier series in exponential form using the complex exponential terms einωt, which allows the series to be written using only complex coefficients cn.

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Anshu Man
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101 views12 pages

Fourier Series

The document presents the Fourier series representation of a periodic function f(t). It defines the Fourier series as a sum of cosine and sine terms with coefficients ao, an, and bn. It derives equations to calculate the coefficients by integrating the function f(t) multiplied by cosine and sine terms over one period. Finally, it presents the Fourier series in exponential form using the complex exponential terms einωt, which allows the series to be written using only complex coefficients cn.

Uploaded by

Anshu Man
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presentation

on
Fourier Series
Fourier series
f(t) = 1/2a
o
+ a
1
cosw
o
t +a
2
cos2w
o
t +
a
3
cos3w
o
t+b
1
sinw
o
t +b
2
sin2w
o
t
+b
3
sin3w
o
t..........--------------------- 1

f(t)=1/2a
o
+
n=1

a
n
cos nw
o
t +
n=1

b
n
sin
nw
o
t.---------------------- 2
Here , w
o
= 2f = 2/T
& as and bs are the coefficients.
Drichlets condition:
f(t) should be well defined and single
valued. f(t) should have finite average
value over the period T.
f(t) must posses only finite no of
discontinuties in period T.
f(t) must have a finite number of +ve
and ve maxima in the period T.

Step 1:
Integrating eq. 2 for full period:-
-T/2

T/2
f(t) dt = 1/2a
0

-T/2

T/2
dt +
-T/2

T/2
n=1

(a
n
cosnw
o
t + b
n
sinnw
o
t) dt

Int . of cos and sin is zero for a complete period
So,
-T/2

T/2
f(t) dt =1/2a
o
T

a
o
= 2/T
-T/2

T/2
f(t) dt _________3
Step 2:
Multiplying both sides of eq. 2 by
cosmw
o
t and integrating:

-T/2


T/2
f(t) cosmw
o
t dt = 1/2
-T/2


T/2
aocosmw
o
t dt +
-T/2


T/2
n=1

a
n
cosnw
o
t
cosmw
o
t +
-T/2


T/2
n=1

bn sinnw
o
t cosmw
o
tdt
Here ,1/2
-T/2


T/2
aocosmw
o
t dt = 0

-T/2


T/2
n=1

an cosnw
o
t cosmw
o
t



= a
n
/2
-T/2


T/2
[cos(m+n)w
o
t + cos(m-
n)w
o
t]
= 0 for m n
& T/2a
n
for m= n
-T/2


T/2
n=1


b
n
sinnw
o
t cosmw
o
tdt
= b
n
/2
-T/2


T/2
[sin(m+n)w
o
t -
sin(m-n)w
o
t]
= 0
So, combining all terms
-T/2


T/2
f(t) cosnw
o
t dt =T/2a
n
for m = n

Hence ,a
n
=2/T
-T/2


T/2
f(t) cosnw
o
t dt

Step 3:
Multiplying both sides of eq. 2 by sinmw
o
t and
integrating:

-T/2


T/2
f(t) sinmw
o
t dt = 1/2
-T/2


T/2
a
o
sinmw
o
t dt

+
-T/2


T/2
n=1

a
n
cosnw
o
t sinmw
o
t
+
-T/2


T/2
n=1

b
n
sinnw
o
t sinmw
o
t dt

Here , 1/2
-T/2


T/2
a
o
sinmw
o
t dt = 0

-T/2


T/2
n=1

a
n
cosnw
o
t sinmw
o
t = 0


-T/2


T/2
n=1

b
n
sinnw
o
t sinmw
o
t dt
= 0 for m n
& T b
n
/2

for m= n
Combining all terms,

-T/2


T/2
f(t) sinmw
o
t dt = T b
n
/2 for m = n

so, b
n
=2/T
-T/2


T/2
f(t) sinmw
o
t dt

Complex or exponential form of Fourier
series :
f(t) = 1/2a
o
+
n=1

a
n
cos nw
o
t +
n=1

b
n
sin nw
o
t.--------
---------------------------------------------1
And e
inwot

= cos nw
o
t + i sin nw
o
t.--------- 2
e
-inwot
= cos nw
o
t i sin nw
o
t---------------- 3
Adding 2 and 3 :
(e
inwot
+ e
-inwot
)/2 = cosnw
o
t --------------4
Now ,eq2 eq3:
(e
inwot
- e
-inwot
)/2 = sinnw
o
t ------------------5
Putting 4 and 5 in 1
f(t) = 1/2a
o
+
n=1

a
n
(e
inwot
+ e
-inwot
)/2 +
n=1

b
n
(e
inwot
- e
-inwot
)/2 .
= 1/2a
o
+
n=1

(a
n
e
inwot
+ a
n
e
-inwot
/2 + b
n
e
inwot
- b
n
e
-inwot
/2i)
= 1/2a
o
+
n=1

(i a
n
e
inwot
+ i a
n
e
-inwot
+ b
n
e
inwot
- b
n
e
-
inwot
)/2i
= 1/2a
o
+
n=1

{e
inwot
(i a
n
+ b
n
)

+ e
-inwot
(i a
n
- b
n
)}/2i
=

1/2a
o
+
n=1

{ e
inwot
(a
n
-i b
n
) + e
-inwot
(a
n
+ i b
n
)}/2---- 6
now , c
n
= (a
n
-i b
n
) & c
-n
= ( a
n
+i b
n
)
c
o
= 1/2a
o
c
-n
is the complex conjugate of c
n.

also, a
n
= 2/T
-T/2


T/2
f(t) cosnw
o
t dt &
b
n
= 2/T
-T/2


T/2
f(t) sinmw
o
t dt ------------------ 7


using eq 2, 3 & 7
c
n.
= 1/T
-T/2


T/2
f(t) [cosnw
o
t i sinnw
o
t] dt
= 1/T
-T/2


T/2
f(t) e
-inwot
dt-------------------8
& c
-n
= 1/T
-T/2


T/2
f(t) [cosnw
o
t + i sinnw
o
t] dt
= 1/T
-T/2


T/2
f(t) e
inwot
dt--------------------9
Putting these values in eq 6
f(t) = 1/2c
o
+
n=1


c
n
e
inwot
+
n=1


c
-n

e
-inwot

so,
f(t) = 1/2c
o
+
n=1

c
n
e
inwot
+
n=-

-1
c
n

e
inwot
for ve n in last term

Thanks

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