2 - Supplemental Restraint Systems - Air Bag

SUPPLEMENTAL
RESTRAINT SYSTEMS
(SRS):
AIR BAG SYSTEM

1. Supplemental Inflatable
Restraint (SIR) System _Airbag
System
Theory
Electrical System Components
Diagnosis
Servicing the Air Bag System
Objectives
Learning Outcome
Identify and describe devices that
contribute to automotive safety.
Describe the function and operation of air
bags.
Identify the major parts of a typical air bag
system.
Safely disarm and inspect an air bag
assembly.
Know how to diagnose and service an air
bag system.
OBJECTIVE
Supplemental Inflatable Restraint
(SIR) System
When a car crashes, the force required to
stop an object is very great because the car's
momentum has changed instantly while the
passengers' has not.
The goal of any supplemental restraint system
is to help stop the passenger while doing as
little damage to him or her as possible.

INTRODUCTION
The supplemental inflatable restraint (SIR)
is a safety device used in conjunction with the
seat belt.
The air bag does not replace the function of
the seatbelt.
The driver and the passengers must always
fasten their seat belts and adjust them for a
proper fit.
The SIR is designed to protect the driver and
the front seat passenger in the event of a
significant frontal impact to the vehicle.
Passive Restrain System_Airbag
system
A passive restraint system operates
automatically.
No action is required of the occupant to make it
functional
The SIR System Components
The SIR System consists of a:-
1. Driver airbag module
2. Driver side airbag module
3. Passenger airbag module
4. Passenger side airbag module
5. Drivers and front passengers seat belt
pretensioners (and load limiter for some
model)
6. Sensing and diagnostic module(SDM)
7. Clock spring.
8. Wire harness and connectors.
9. AIRBAG indicator on the instrument cluster.
10. Side airbag

SRS COMPONENT
1. Driver Airbag Module 4. Passenger Airbag Module
2. Clock Spring 5. Side Airbag Module
3. Sensing and Diagnostic Module (SDM) 6. Side Airbag Sensor
SRS COMPONENT
1. Front impact sensor- To detect crash and send
the signal to the air bag control module.
2. Airbag Control module- To receive the signal
from the sensors and control the deployment of
airbag.
3.Airbag module- The air bag module is the air bag
and inflator assembly
packaged into a single unit or module.
4. Wiring Harness- The electrical harnesses of the
SIR system typically have yellow connectors to
connect the component in the system.
5.Clock spring contact- The clockspring allows for
electrical
contact to the air bag module at all times.
SRS FUNCTIONS
Airbag Before Deployed
The bag itself is made of a thin, nylon fabric, which is
folded into the steering wheel or dashboard
The sensor is the device that tells the bag to inflate.
Inflation happens when there is a collision force equal
to running into a brick wall at 10 to 15 miles per hour (16
to 24 km per hour).
A mechanical switch is flipped when there is a mass
shift that closes an electrical contact, telling the sensors
that a crash has occurred.
SRS FUNCTIONS
The airbag's inflation system reacts sodium azide
(NaN3) with potassium nitrate (KNO3) to
produce nitrogen gas.
Hot blasts of the nitrogen inflate the airbag.
Airbag being deployed
SRS TRIGGERING DEVICE

The inflation system is not unlike a solid rocket booster.
The airbag system ignites a solid propellant, which burns extremely
rapidly to create a large volume of gas to inflate the bag.
The bag then literally bursts from its storage site at up to 200 mph
(322 kph) -- faster than the blink of an eye!
A second later, the gas quickly dissipates through tiny holes in the
bag, thus deflating the bag so you can move.
Triggering device
Powdery substance
The powdery substance released from the airbag,
by the way, is regular cornstarch or talcum
powder, which is used by the airbag
manufacturers to keep the bags pliable and
lubricated while they're in storage.

SRS OPERATION

This system makes the following judgments:
unoccupied judgment, child seat judgment, child
judgment, and adult judgment.
In addition, it performs an initial check to check
the circuit of the AIRBAG ON/OFF indicator lights
when the ignition switch is ON.

The Occupant Classification ECU constantly
monitors the weight on the front passenger seat,
and makes a judgment in accordance with the
signals from the occupant classification sensor
and the state of the seat belt buckle switch,
regardless of the position of the ignition switch.

SRS OPERATION
The Occupant Classification ECU contains criteria
value A to judge whether the seat is being
occupied by a child or a child seat in accordance
with the signals from the four occupant
classification sensors and seat belt buckle switch,
and criteria value B to judge whether the
occupant is an adult or child (with child seat).

The Occupant Classification ECU makes an
occupied or unoccupied judgment in accordance
with the signals from the seat belt buckle switch.

Unoccupied Judgment
(Occupant Classification ECU )
The Occupant Classification ECU makes an
unoccupied judgment when the judgment value is
lower than criteria. To determine the occupancy of the
front and side passenger air bags, the weight of the
occupant is measured. If there is no occupant, the air
bags will not deploy during a collision.

If the ignition switch is turned ON in this state, the
system performs an initial check, and does not
illuminate the AIRBAG ON/OFF indicator lights. Then,
the system prohibits the deployment of the front
passenger airbag, front passenger side airbag, and
the front passenger seat belt pretension, and does not
blink the seat belt reminder light.

Initial Check
After the ignition switch is tuned ON, the Occupant Classification ECU lights up
the AIRBAG ON/OFF indicator lights via Airbag Sensor Assembly based on the
timing chart below in order to check the indicator light circuits.
SRS PROBLEMS

The supplemental inflatable restraints (SIR)
system includes a self-diagnostic function. If there
is a failure of the sensing and diagnostic module
or the external circuits, the SIR warning lamp in
the instrument cluster turns ON.
As a system check, the SIR warning lamp also
turns ON when the ignition is first switched to the
ON position.

Correct Functioning
The system is working properly if:
The SIR warning lamp turns OFF after
approximately four seconds.
Faulty Functioning
The system is not working properly, meaning one
of the SIR components or the wiring connector is
faulty, if:
The SIR warning lamp fails to turn ON when the
ignition is first switched ON.
The SIR warning lamp remains ON.

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