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    pp07

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    Mohsan Sheikh
    This document discusses different sampling techniques for research including probability sampling and non-probability sampling. It covers topics like identifying a suitable sampling frame, factors that influence sample size, selecting a sampling technique, and obtaining a representative sample. Probability sampling uses a sampling frame and specific techniques like simple random sampling, while non-probability sampling is used when a sampling frame does not exist.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    pp07

    Uploaded by

    Mohsan Sheikh
    137 views14 pages
    This document discusses different sampling techniques for research including probability sampling and non-probability sampling. It covers topics like identifying a suitable sampling frame, factors that influence sample size, selecting a sampling technique, and obtaining a representative sample. Probability sampling uses a sampling frame and specific techniques like simple random sampling, while non-probability sampling is used when a sampling frame does not exist.

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    This document discusses different sampling techniques for research including probability sampling and non-probability sampling. It covers topics like identifying a suitable sampling frame, factors that influence sample size, selecting a sampling technique, and obtaining a representative sample. Probability sampling uses a sampling frame and specific techniques like simple random sampling, while non-probability sampling is used when a sampling frame does not exist.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    137 views14 pages

    pp07

    Uploaded by

    Mohsan Sheikh
    This document discusses different sampling techniques for research including probability sampling and non-probability sampling. It covers topics like identifying a suitable sampling frame, factors that influence sample size, selecting a sampling technique, and obtaining a representative sample. Probability sampling uses a sampling frame and specific techniques like simple random sampling, while non-probability sampling is used when a sampling frame does not exist.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Slide 7.

    1
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Chapter 7
    Selecting Samples
    Slide 7.2
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Selecting samples
    Population, sample and individual cases









    Source: Saunders et al. (2009)
    Figure 7.1 Population, sample and individual cases
    Slide 7.3
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    The need to sample
    Sampling- a valid alternative to a census when

    A survey of the entire population is impracticable

    Budget constraints restrict data collection

    Time constraints restrict data collection

    Results from data collection are needed quickly
    Slide 7.4
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Overview of sampling techniques
    Sampling techniques











    Source: Saunders et al. (2009)
    Figure 7.2 Sampling techniques
    Slide 7.5
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Probability sampling
    The four stage process

    1. Identify sampling frame from research objectives

    2. Decide on a suitable sample size

    3. Select the appropriate technique and the sample

    4. Check that the sample is representative

    Slide 7.6
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Identifying a suitable sampling frame
    Key points to consider

    Problems of using existing databases

    Extent of possible generalisation from the sample

    Validity and reliability

    Avoidance of bias

    Slide 7.7
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Sample size
    Choice of sample size is influenced by

    Confidence needed in the data

    Margin of error that can be tolerated

    Types of analyses to be undertaken

    Size of the sample population and distribution
    Slide 7.8
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    The importance of response rate
    Key considerations

    Non- respondents and analysis of refusals

    Obtaining a representative sample

    Calculating the active response rate

    Estimating response rate and sample size
    Slide 7.9
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Selecting a sampling technique
    Five main techniques used for a probability sample

    Simple random

    Systematic

    Stratified random

    Cluster

    Multi-stage
    Slide 7.10
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Non- probability sampling (1)
    Key considerations

    Deciding on a suitable sample size

    Selecting the appropriate technique

    Slide 7.11
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Non- probability sampling (2)
    Sampling techniques

    Quota sampling (larger populations)
    Purposive sampling
    Snowball sampling
    Self-selection sampling
    Convenience sampling
    Slide 7.12
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Summary: Chapter 7

    Choice of sampling techniques depends upon the
    research question(s) and their objectives

    Factors affecting sample size include:
    - confidence needed in the findings
    - accuracy required
    - likely categories for analysis
    Slide 7.13
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Summary: Chapter 7

    Probability sampling requires a sampling frame and
    can be more time consuming

    When a sampling frame is not possible, non-
    probability sampling is used

    Many research projects use a combination of
    sampling techniques

    Slide 7.14
    Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5
    th
    Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
    Summary: Chapter 7
    All choices depend on the ability to gain
    access to organisations

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