CAD and Its Applications

Lecturer (Liu Shenglan)

Email [email protected]
OfficeRoom-A204, Building-15,
Minggugong Campus


30%--- Attendance + Assignments

70%---Final ExamClosed Book
2
Score
Principles of CAD/CAM/CAE Systems
Kunwoo Lee,
Addison Wesley, 1999.
http://www.cs.mtu.edu/~shene/COURSES/cs36
21/NOTES/
Curves and Surface for CAGD
Gerald Farin
Academic Press, 1997.

3
References
1. Introduction to CAD/CAM/CAE Systems
2. Basic Concepts of Graphics Programming
3. Geometric Modeling System
4. Representation and Manipulation of Curves
5. Representation and Manipulation of Surfaces
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COURSE OUTLINE
1. Overview
2. Definitions of CAD, CAM, and CAE
3. History of CAD/CAM development
4. CAD/CAM software modules
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Ch 1: Introduction to CAD/CAM/CAE
Systems
Key Terminology
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Product cycle
Process planning
Assist
Optimization procedure
Modeling
Integrated design
Finite element method
Numerical control


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1. Overview
Industries cannot survive worldwide
competition unless they produce products with:
better Quality
lower Cost
shorter Delivery time
How to meet the Q, C, D requirement?
Use computer which has huge memory capacity
and fast processing speed.
CAD, CAM, and CAE are the technologies used
for the purpose.
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Industry under competition
It is composed of two main processes: the
design process and the manufacturing process.
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Product Cycle
The activities involved in the design process can
be classified largely as two types: synthesis and
analysis.
the information in the synthesis subprocess is hard
to capture in a computer system.
the analysis subprocess starts from the conceptual
design, then runs with an abstraction analysis
models, design, optimization (probably with RP),
and design documentation.
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Design Process
It begins with Process Planning .
Process planning is to choose which processes
to be used.
select the machines
determine production plan, a materials order, and
machine programming
design jigs and fixtures

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Manufacturing Process(-1)
Produce the actual product.
Inspect the product against quality
requirements.
Assemble, functionally test, package, label, and
ship to customers.
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Manufacturing Process(-2)
CAD ,CAE is involved in the analysis
subprocess of the design process.
CAM is involved in the manufacturing process.
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CAD/CAM/CAE in Product Cycle
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2. Definitions of CAD, CAM,
and CAE
CAD (computer-aided design) is the technology
concerned with the use of computer systems to
assist in the creation, modification, analysis,
and optimization of a design.
The most basic role of CAD is to define the
geometry of the design.
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Definitions of CAD
CAM (Computer-aided manufacturing ) is the
technology concerned with the use of computer
systems to plan, manage, and control
manufacturing operations in order to produce
the object.
One of the most mature areas of CAM is
numerical control, or NC. (generate G-code tool
path)
Process planning is also a target of computer
automation. (CAPP)
Determine when to order raw materials and how
many should be ordered. (MRP)
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Definitions of CAM
CAE (Computer-aided engineering ) is a
technology concerned with the use of computer
systems to analyze CAD geometry, allowing the
designer to simulate and study how the product
will behave so that the design can be refined
and optimized.
most widely used method is the finite element
method (FEM).
can be used for stress analysis, interference
checking, kinematic analysis, etc.
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Definitions of CAE
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3. History of CAD/CAM
Development
History of CAD/CAM Development
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Feature-based
Parametric
3D Modelling
Drafting
CGNC
Generation
C
A
D
/
C
A
M

T
e
c

Integrated design
Product
Oriented
50 60
70 80 90 00
History of CAD/CAM Development
20
Feature-based
Parametric
3D Modelling
Drafting
CGNC
C
A
D
/
C
A
M

T
e
c

Integrated design
Product
Oriented
Generation
50 60
70 80 90 00
CAD/CAM went through several major phases
of development in the last century.
1950sInception of CAD/CAM
computer graphics was conceiving
the concept of NC was emerging
Automatically Programmed Tools (APT) was
developed
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1950s
1950s
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TX-0 Computer, MIT Lincoln Laboratory,
19531957
The first graphic system was
developed by US Air Force's SAGE
(Semi Automatic Ground
Environment) air defense system.
The system was developed at
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology's Lincoln Laboratory.
The birth of NC is generally
credited to John T. Parsons.
History of CAD/CAM Development
23
Feature-based
Parametric
3D Modelling
Drafting
CGNC
C
A
D
/
C
A
M

T
e
c

Integrated design
Product
Oriented
Generation
50 60
70 80 90 00
1960sSimple 2D Drafting
interactive computer graphics. A sketchpad
system was developed by Ivan Sutherland, that
drawings can be displayed and manipulated on
the screen CRT.
GMs DAC-1 system for designing automobile
bodies
Simple 2D graphics
Mechanism design satisfying several geometric
constraints

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1960s
1960s
25

Sketchpad: A Man-machine
Graphical Communications
System

It was a revolutionary computer
program written by Ivan
Sutherland in 1963 in the course of
his PhD thesis.
History of CAD/CAM Development
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Feature-based
Parametric
3D Modelling
Drafting
CGNC
C
A
D
/
C
A
M

T
e
c

Integrated design
Product
Oriented
Generation
50 60
70 80 90 00
1970sDrafting and Wire-frame modeling
Computer drafting era
Wire-frame modeling
Free-form surface modeling (mainframe)
Solid modeling by Boolean operation (late 1970)
IGES was initiated
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1970s
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Wireframe, Surface, Solid
Modeling
1970s
History of CAD/CAM Development
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Feature-based
Parametric
3D Modelling
Drafting
CGNC
C
A
D
/
C
A
M

T
e
c

Integrated design
Product
Oriented
Generation
50 60
70 80 90 00
1980sheady years of research in CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM integration
Specialized, feature-based CAD system
Parametric modeling

AutoCADworldwide used for automobile industry
UG took the place by partnering with industry
powerhouses such as GM, UNIX, GE and Boeing
STEP released

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1980s
1.3 History
1980s
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AutoCAD for drafting
History of CAD/CAM Development
32
Feature-based
Parametric
3D Modelling
Drafting
CGNC
C
A
D
/
C
A
M

T
e
c

Integrated design
Product
Oriented
Generation
50 60
70 80 90 00
1990shybrid modeling, boosting in
commercial application

Integrated design, analysis & optimization

Virtual-prototyping. (workstation & high-end PC)

350,000 users at the end of 1995


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1990s
1.3 History
History of CAD/CAM Development
34
Feature-based
Parametric
3D Modelling
Drafting
CGNC
Generation
C
A
D
/
C
A
M

T
e
c

50 60
70 80 90 00
Integrated design
Product
Oriented
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Application---Boeing 777
100% digitally designed using 3D solids technology

Elimination of > 3000 assembly interfaces, without any physical prototyping
90% reduction in engineering change requests (6000 to 600)
50% reduction in cycle time for engineering change request
90% reduction in material rework
50x improvement in assembly tolerances for fuselage.

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Application--- ARJ21 Digital Mock-
up
Outline Front fuselage data Chair pre-assembly
Central console
Connecting
parts
Panel
stiffener
Joint part Beam for
Undercarriage
Front fuselage Boarding
Gate
Cockpit
CAD3D modeling
Solid Edge, Solid Works, Autodesk Inventor
CAM
MasterCAM, Cimtron, PowerMill
CAE
Ansys, Abaqus, Nastran
CAD/CAM/CAE intergration
Unigraphics, Pro-E, CATIA
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Commercial CAD/CAM/CAE Software
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4. CAD/CAM Software Modules
Most CAD/CAM systems are modular, which
means users can buy whichever modules do the
option they want.
Part Modules, Assembly Module, Draft module,
Analysis Module, NC Manufacturing Module,
Mold Design, Sheet Metal design
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CAD/CAM software modules
Part Moduleto generate geometry solid
models.
3D objects can be generated from 2D profiles via
various techniques such as extrusion, revolution,
loft etc.
Or by Boolean operations among solid primitives
Assisted functions such as chamfer, rounding,
cutout
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Part Module
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3D Part Modeling
Assembly Moduleto fit parts together
using typical assembly techniques, such as
inserting parts into holes,
fastening parts together with fasteners,
and aligning parts to mate
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Assembly Module
Assembly for a machine
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Parts
Assembly
Draft module produces engineering drawing
documents
3D part drawing, including 3 main views, detail
view, sign of dimension
assembly model, including assembly view, bill of
material
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Draft Module
Drafts
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Draft for a part Draft for the assembly
Analysis Module engineering analysis
FE-analysis
weight calculation mechanisms analysis
interference checking
kinematic analysis
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Analysis Module
FE-analysis
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Stress analysis
NC Manufacturing Module NC
programming and simulation
NC machining
Material removal simulation
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NC Manufacturing Module
NC Manufacturing
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Lathe tool path Material-removal simulations
Mold Design
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Part
Finished Mold
Mold design
Sheet Metal Design
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Sheet metal part