Power Control

Content
Function introduction
Open loop Power control
Closed loop power control
HSDPA power control
HSUPA power control

Why power control?

Overcome Near-far effect, reduce interference ;

Save power, increase capacity;

Overcome fast-fading.

Power control
Near Far Effect

UE Tx power

UE Tx power

UE Tx power

UE Tx power

Power Control

BS Rx power

BS Rx power

Eb/No & Power Control

Power spectrum

Eb/No
Power
control
a2Tbit = Ebit
Eb/No
required
Maximum noise level
Unwanted power
from other sources

Power , Interference , Capacity .

Fast power control effect

UE signal

Fast power control

SIR target

SIR target

Fast fading

UE signal

Power control classification

Open loop power control
Closed loop power control

Inner loop power control

Outer loop power control

Open Loop power control

MS Access Pre Amble #1 with estimated power

MS Access Pre Amble #2 with increased power

MS Access Pre Amble #n with increased power

RNS Response with Power Control

Closed Loop (Uplink)

Iub
RNC receives a Service Request

Service => 1 QoS

RNC sets SIR target for service

MS Tx
BTS sends Power Control bits
to UE (1500 times/second)

BTS transmits the received blocks

RNC calculates
BLER for Tx
RNC sends new SIR target

BS continues Power Control

Inner Loop
Outer Loop

Content
Function introduction
Open loop Power control
Closed loop power control
HSDPA power control
HSUPA power control

Uplink Open Loop Power Control

11

Uplink Open Loop Power Control - PRACH

Purpose: Estimate the initial transmit power of physical channels such as
PRACH, DPCCH and DPDCH, and mainly refers to determining the PRACH
transmit power.
Preamble_Initial_Power = Primary CPICH DL TX power CPICH_RSCP +UL
interference + Constant Value

If Preamble_Initial_Power > MaxRACHTxPwr, Preamble_Initial_Power =

MaxRACHTxPwr.

12

Uplink Open Loop Power Control - PRACH

If no response (+1 or -1) of AICH is received after the first PRACH
preamble composed, UE selects a new signature in the next timeslot.
Increases the preamble transmit power by Power Ramp Step (PRStep).
The transmit power of the control part of PRACH message is:
PRACH_C_Power = Preamble_Initial_Power+sum(PowerRampStep)+Pp-m
- Pp-m(POPpm): power offset between the control channel and the last
PRACH preamble which is related to the PRACH message TFC.
- Similar to uplink DPDCH and DPCCH, the power of the PRACH
message control part and data part is controlled by the gain factor c and
d .

13

Uplink Open Loop Power Control - DPCCH

DPCCH_Initial_power = DPCCH_Power_offset - CPICH_RSCP
DPCCH_Power_offset = Eb/N0 + (NT+IT) PG + CPICH_TX_Power
- Eb/No: quality factor of the DPCCH PILOT domain (DpcchPilotEbN0).
- NT+IT: uplink interference, measured by NodeB updated in SIB7.
- PG: Processing Gain, which equals to the DPCCH Spreading Factor 256.

14

Uplink Open Loop Power Control - DPCCH & DPDCH

cd

d
Scode

DPDCH

I
I+jQ

DPCCH

cc

PDPCCH
c 2
( )
PDPDCH
d
c and d are set fixed value according to the TFC.

15

Downlink Open Loop Power Control

16

Downlink Open Loop Power Control

Downlink common physical channels transmit power and parameters:
Channel

Parameter

Default

P-SCH

PschPwr

-3dB (1w)

10%

0.5%

S-SCH

SschPwr

-4dB(0.79w)

10%

0.39%

PcpichPwr

33dBm(2w)

100%

10%

P-CCPCH

BchPwr

-3dB(1w)

90%

4.5%

PCHSCCPCH

PchPwr

-3dB(1w)

10%

0.5%

FACHSCCPCH

MaxFachPwr

-1dB(1.6w)

10%

0.8%

PICH

PichPwr

-7dB(0.4w)

10%

0.2%

AICH

AichPwr

-7dB(0.4w)

10%

0.2%

P-CPICH

Activation Ratio

17

Downlink Open Loop Power Control

- P1: P-SCH transmit power
- P2: S-SCH transmit power
- P3: P-CPICH transmit power
- PTOT : Maximum downlink transmit power (MAXDlTxPwr )
- PI : Total received power from other cells
- PR: Total received power from serving cells
- P-SCH load factor : P1/(P1+P2)
- SCH load factor : (P1+P2)/ PTOT
- P-CPICH load factor : P3/ PTOT
- Geological factor G: PR / PI, (-6,6)dB, -6dB means cell border

18

Downlink Open Loop Power Control P-SCH & S-SCH Power

= 0.5, = 0.1, G = -3
Vs cell search time

initial
search

3000
2500

15.0% 43.35 ms

2000

12.5% 57.46 ms

1500

10.0% 96.27 ms
7.5%

297.3ms

5.0%

2476 ms

initial search

ms

1000
500
0
5.00%

7.50%

10.00%

12.50%

15.00%

The initial cell search time increases greatly when is less than 10%
but changes little when is larger than 10%.
The larger the is, the less power the other downlink physical channel
can use.

19

Downlink Open Loop Power Control P-SCH & S-SCH Power

= 0.1, = 0.1, G = -3
Vs cell search time

initial search

120

0.5

96.27 ms

100

0.55

82.23 ms

0.6

74.47 ms

0.65

69.63 ms

0.7

67.18 ms

0.75

68.41 ms

initial search

ms

80
60
40
20
0
50.00%

55.00%

60.00%

65.00%

70.00%

The initial cell search time decreases when the P-SCH power increases.
The second step of cell search (Frame synchronization) is more efficient
than the first step (Slot synchronization), so takes the value around 0.6.

20

Downlink Open Loop Power Control P-CPICH Power

= 0.5 = 0.1, G = -3
Vs cell search time

initial search

ms

initial search

12.5%

96.15 ms

1200

10%

96.27 ms

1000

7.5%

108.13 ms

600

5%

155.79 ms

400

2.5

1462.5 ms

1600
1400

800

200
2.50%

5.00%

7.50%

10.00%

12.50%

The initial cell search time increases greatly when is less than 5% but
changes little when is larger than 10%.
P-CPICH is used to do channel estimation, so 10% is recommended.

21

Downlink Open Loop Power Control P-CCPCH Power

Simulation results of
The Impact of Cell
Search
on
System
Performance
in
WCDMA from IEEE.
The simulation settings
of ETSI Vehicular A
environment are listed in
the right table.

Sectors/site

Site to site distance [m]

6000

Log-normal fading std [dB]

10

Correlation distance [m]

28.85

Speed [km/h]

120

Handover margin [dB]

Maximum active set size

Maximum power for one TCH [W]

Maximum BS power for all TCH [W]

18

Power for CPICH [W]

Required Eb/No [dB]

7.9

Processing gain [dB]

26.8

22

Downlink Open Loop Power Control P-CCPCH Power

Downlink Transport Channel C/I Vs SCH+P-CCPCH power
The best value of
SCH+PCCPCH
power is 0.5w
which is -3dB
compare to the PCPICH power
setting in the
simulation
environment

23

Downlink Open Loop Power Control P-CCPCH Power

Downlink Transport Channel C/I Vs P-SCH/P-CCPCH power
The acceptable
range of P-SCH/PCCPCH is [-10,0]dB,
ZTE takes the value
of 0dB which is -3dB
compare to the PCPICH power setting
in the simulation
environment.
.

24

Downlink Open Loop Power Control S-CCPCH

S-CCPCH carrying PCH uses SF128 code. Test results of paging
shows the paging failure ratio does not change much when the PCH
power takes the value of -3dB, -1dB and 0dB. So the default value is 3dB.
S-CCPCH which carries FACH uses SF64 code, the maximum power
is -1dB and the transmit power is changed according the TFC of FACH.

25

Downlink Open Loop Power Control DPCH

Determine the initial DPCH transmit power;

Ptx ,init

Eb

0 req Ptx ,CPICH

Ptx ,total
E
PG
c cpich

N
0

- PG: Processing Gain

- Ptx,CPICH: P-CPICH transmit power
- Ec-cpich/N0: CPICH Ec/N0(dB) reported by UE
- : Orthogonal Factor, 0.5
- Eb/No: Eb/No of the service configured corresponding to the current
rate of the access service.

26

Downlink Open Loop Power Control DPCH

Traffic Class

Data Rate

Downlink Traffic Eb/N0 (dB)

Conversational

DL WAMR6.60k~23.85k

7.5

Conversational

DL 64K(PS Conversational Video)

5.2

Conversational

DL NAMR4.75k~12.2k

7.5

Streaming

PS64k

1.7

Streaming

PS384k

0.9

Streaming

PS128k

0.9

Streaming

CS64k

1.7

Interactive

PS8k

6.9

Interactive

PS64k

4.8

Interactive

PS384k

0.9

Interactive

PS128k

4.5

Background

PS8k

6.9

Background

PS64k

1.7

Background

PS384k

4.7

Background

PS128k

0.9
27

Content
Function introduction
Open loop Power control
Closed loop power control
HSDPA power control
HSUPA power control

Uplink Inner Loop Power Control

29

Uplink Inner Loop Power Control

Receiver measures the SIR (Eb/No) of each radio link and compare with
the target SIR (SIRtarget) which is set fixedly according to the service
type.
- If SIR>= SIRtarget, Receiver sends a TPC command 0 to Transmitter;
- If SIR< SIRtarget, Receiver sends a TPC command 1 to Transmitter;
- Transmitter changes the transmit power according to the TPC
command value. The delta value is TPC_cmd*TPC_STEP_SIZE
(TpcStepSize).

30

Uplink Inner Loop Power Control

The specification 25.214 defines two uplink inner loop power control
method which is configured by parameter UlIlPcAlg in OMCR.
- Algorithm 1: the UE transmit power can be adjusted every timeslot,
and transmit power can be increased or decreased.
- Algorithm 2: UE transmit power is adjusted every five timeslots, and
transmit power can be increased, decreased or not changed.
Current Parameters Configuration:
- Algorithm 1 tracks the fluctuating of channel better than Algorithm 2.
- According to the network deployment now (Feb, 2009), there is no
continuous coverage (no macro-diversity gain) and only one carrier (no
load balancing), Algorithm 1 is recommended.

31

Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

32

Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

UTRAN adjusts the current downlink power P(k-1) to the new transmit
power P(k) according to the following formula:

P(k) = P(k - 1) + PTPC(k) + Pbal(k)

- PTPC(k): the kth power adjustment value;
- Pbal(k): correction value to balance the power of radio links.

For soft handover case, Power balance is needed on DL.

33

Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

Two downlink inner loop power control method can be configured by
parameter DPCMode in OMCR:
- Mode 1: UE sends a TPC command at each timeslot. The UTRAN
adjusts the transmit power at each timeslot according to the TPC
command.
- Mode 2: UE sends the same TPC command for three timeslots. The
UTRAN adjusts the transmit power once every three timeslots
according to the TPC command.
The step to adjust the downlink transmit power is configured by
parameter TpcDlStep.
Current Parameters Configuration:
- Mode 1 tracks the fluctuating of channel better than Mode 2.
- According to the network deployment now (Feb, 2009), there is no
continuous coverage (no macro-diversity gain) and only one carrier (no
load balancing), Mode1 is recommended.
34

Content
Function introduction
Open loop Power control
Closed loop power control
HSDPA power control
HSUPA power control

HSDPA power control

HSDPA power control include 2 aspects:

HSDPA total power allocation

HSDPA power allocation for physical channel

36

HSDPA total power alloction

The allocated
power for cell

Based on the OMC

configured ,sele
ct the next step

RNC allocate
the power
staticlly

RNC allocate
the power
dynamically

37

NODEB allocate
the power freely

HSDPA total power allocation

The static power allocation by RNC is described as follows:

Count beforehand the average data throughput in a related area,

and estimate the number of HS-PDSCHs to be configured and
needed power (the code resource should match the power
resource).

Configure the percentage of power occupied by HSDPA:

HspaPwrRatio in OMCR.

38

HSDPA total power allocation

The dynamic power allocation by RNC refers to the process:

(1)

Initial HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH total power (HspaPwrRatio) are configured

in OMCR according to the number of physical HS-PDSCH+HS-SCCH
channels configured for the cell.

(2)

During the system operation, the software algorithm has the HspaPwrRatio
dynamically adjusted according to the following condition and principle.

39

HSDPA total power allocation

Free allocation of NodeB

Free power allocation is determined by algorithm of NodeB based on

available power, service priority and QoS. RNC should have the
allowed available power of HSDPA configured as 100%.

40

HSDPA power allocation for physical channel

PHSSCCH PCPICH ( Es / No) hsscch 9 ( Es / No) hspdsch Pdelta
PCPICH: Refers to the receive power of pilot channel (Unit: dBm).
(Es/No)hsscch is constantly 1.2dB.
: refers to the MPO (MeasPwrOffset).
(Es/No)hspdsch = -4.5 + CQI dB;
Pdelta: the value obtained based on HS-SCCH BLER outer loop
adjustment.

41

HSDPA power allocation for physical channel

PHSPDSCH PCPICH

is the measurement power offset (MeasPwrOffset) of RRC signaling configuration.

is obtained by UE through querying the table depending on the UE category. UE

category and the relationship between UE category and is described in table 7a, 7A,
7B, 7C, 7D, 7E, 7F, 7G, 7H,7I and 7J of 3GPP TS 25.214 protocol.

PCPICH is the receiving power of pilot channel.

PHSPDSCH is the total receiving power evenly distributed on the HS-PDSCHs that perform
CQI measurement and evaluation.

42

Content
Function introduction
Open loop Power control
Closed loop power control
HSDPA power control
HSUPA power control

E-DPCCH open loop power control

The uplink E-DPCCH open loop power control of HSUPA is realized

by setting a reasonable E-DPCCH power offset relative to that of

DPCCH.

ec c Aec

The power offset value is obtained through emulation or test and configured in OMCR
(EdpcchPOTti2 or EdpcchPOTti10, depending on different TTIs)

E-DPDCH open loop power control

As many types of E-TFC exists in the TB SIZE of E-DCH, and RNC

cannot notify NodeB and UE of the ed corresponding to each type of ETFC, the 3GPP specifies that RNC notifies UE and NodeB of a group of
reference E-TFC and the corresponding E-DPDCH power offset relative
to DPCCH, to be used by UE and NodeB to calculate the power needed
by other non-reference E-TFC.

45

E-AGCH/E-RGCH/E-HICH open loop power control

Downlink open loop power control is to configure or re-configure the
power offset of physical channels such as E-AGCH, E-RGCH and EHICH. The power offset is relative to DL DPCH pilot domain. NodeB uses
the offset and the inner loop power control of DPCCH to dynamically
adjust the transmit power of these physical channels.

46

Appendix

47

Power Control Parameters - ConstVal

Parameter name

PRACH Initiation Tx Power Constant Value(dB)

Abbreviated name ConstVal

Description

This parameter is the correction value when calculating

the initial transmission power of PRACH preamble.

Range and Step

[-35, -10]dB step 1dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
(note)

-18dB

48

Power Control Parameters - PRStep

Parameter name

PRACH Preamble Power Ramp Step(dB)

Abbreviated
name

PRStep

Description

This parameter indicates the power ramp step used by

the UE when it does not receive any responses from
AICH after sending a preamble. This parameter is used
to be added to the previous power, and then the next
preamble is sent at this new power.

Range and Step

[1, 8]dB step 1dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
(note)

1dB
49

Power Control Parameters - POPpm

Parameter
name

Power Offset between PRACH Control Part and PRACH

Data Part

Abbreviated
name

POPpm[MAX_ PRACH _TFC]

Description

This parameter indicates the power offset between control

part of the PRACH message part and the last preamble. It
should be configured for each TFC. Where
MAX_PRACH_TFC=32.

Range and
Step

-510dB step 1dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
22
(note)
50

Power Control Parameters - DpcchPilotEbN0

Parameter name

DPCCH Pilot Field Eb/N0(dB)

Abbreviated name

DpcchPilotEbN0

Description

This parameter indicates the quality factor of the UL

DPCCH PILOT domain which is a constant used for
calculating the UL DPCCH power offset for a newly
accessed call.

Range and Step

[-30, +30]dB
step 0.1dB

Unit

dB

Default Value (note) Next slide

51

Power Control Parameters - DpcchPilotEbN0

Conversational

UL 3.4kbps Signaling(AM): 3dB

Background

UL PS 64kbps: 3dB

Conversational

UL AMR 6.60~23.85kbps: 3dB

Background

UL PS 384kbps: 5dB

Conversational

UL 64kbps (PS Conversational Video): 3dB

Background

UL PS 128kbps: 3dB

Conversational

UL NAMR 4.75~12.2kbps: 3dB

Interactive

UL PS 1024kbps: 5dB

Conversational

UL CS 28.8kbps: 3dB

Interactive

UL PS 2.048Mbps: 5dB

Conversational

UL CS 32kbps: 2dB

Interactive

UL PS 3. 072Mbps: 5dB

Conversational

UL CS 64kbps: 3dB

Interactive

UL PS 4.096Mbps: 5dB

Streaming

UL CS 14.4kbps: 3dB

Interactive

UL PS 5.76Mbps: 5dB

Streaming

UL CS 28.8kbps: 3dB

Background

UL PS 1024kbps: 5dB

Streaming

UL CS 57.6kbps: 3dB

Background

UL PS 2.048Mbps: 5dB

Streaming

UL CS 64kbps: 3dB

Background

UL PS 3. 072Mbps: 5dB

Streaming

UL PS 64kbps: 3dB

Background

UL PS 4.096Mbps: 5dB

Streaming

UL PS 384kbps: 5dB

Background

UL PS 5.76Mbps: 5dB

Streaming

UL PS 128kbps: 3dB

Streaming

UL PS 1024kbps: 5dB

Interactive

UL PS 64kbps: 3dB

Streaming

UL PS 2.048Mbps: 5dB

Interactive

UL PS 384kbps: 5dB

Streaming

UL PS 3. 072Mbps: 5dB

Interactive

UL PS 128kbps: 3dB

Streaming

UL PS 4.096Mbps: 5dB

Streaming

UL PS 5.76Mbps: 5dB

52

Power Control Parameters - PschPwr

Parameter name

Primary SCH Power(dB)

Abbreviated
name

PschPwr

Description

PSCH transmission power. This parameter is the offset

relative to PCPICH power.

Range and Step

[-35, +15]dB step 0.1dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
(note)

-3dB
53

Power Control Parameters - SschPwr

Parameter name

Secondary SCH Power(dB)

Abbreviated name SschPwr

Description

SSCH transmission power. This parameter is the offset

relative to PCPICH power.

Range and Step

[-35, +15] dB step 0.1dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
(note)

-4dB
54

Power Control Parameters - PcpichPwr

Parameter name

P-CPICH Power(dBm)

Abbreviated name PcpichPwr

Description

This parameter indicates the transmission power level

of the Primary CPICH (Common Pilot Channel), which
is an absolute value.

Range and Step

[-10.0, 50.0]dBm step 0.1dBm

Unit

dBm

Default Value
(note)

33.0dBm

55

Power Control Parameters - BchPwr

Parameter name

BCH Power(dB)

Abbreviated
name

BchPwr

Description

BCH transmission power. This parameter is the offset

relative to PCPICH transmission power. BCH is mapped
one to one to PCCPCH physical channel. In addition,
one cell only contains one PCCPCH/BCH.

Range and Step

[-35, +15]dB step 0.1dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
(note)

-3dB
56

Power Control Parameters - PchPwr

Parameter name

PCH Power(dB)

Abbreviated name PchPwr

Description

This parameter indicates the transmission power of the

PCH mapped on the SCCPCH, which is a power offset
relative to the PCPICH power.

Range and Step

[-35, 15]dB step 0.1dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
(note)

-3dB
57

Power Control Parameters - MaxFachPwr

Parameter name

Maximum FACH Power(dB)

Abbreviated name MaxFachPwr

Description

This parameter indicates the maximum transmission

power of the FACH which is mapped on the SCCPCH.
This parameter is the relative value based on the
PCPICH transmission power.

Range and Step

[-35, 15]dB step 0.1 dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
(note)

-1dB
58

Power Control Parameters - PichPwr

Parameter name

PICH Power(dB)

Abbreviated name PichPwr

Description

This parameter indicates the PICH transmission power,

which is an offset relative to the Primary CPICH power.

Range and Step

[-10, 5]dB step1 dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
(note)

-7dB
59

Power Control Parameters - AichPwr

Parameter name

AICH Power(dB)

Abbreviated name AichPwr

Description

This parameter indicates the AICH transmission power,

which is an offset relative to the Primary CPICH power.

Range and Step

[-22, 5]dB step 1dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
(note)

-7dB
60

Power Control Parameters -TpcStepSize

Parameter name

TPC Step Size (dB)

Abbreviated name TpcStepSize

Description

This parameter indicates the TPC step size for uplink

inner loop power control. Only when inner loop power
conrol algorithm 1 is selected, this parameter needs to
be configured. For algorithm 2, default value of TPC
step size is 1 and this parameter is not needed.

Range and Step

1dB, 2dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
(note)

1dB
61

Power Control Parameters -UlIlPcAlg

Parameter name

Uplink Inner Loop Power Control Algorithm

Abbreviated
name

UlIlPcAlg

Description

This parameter indicates which uplink inner loop power

control algorithm is used. For algorithm 1 inner loop
power control is done every time slot. For algorithm 2
inner loop power control is done every 5 tim slots.

Range and Step

1: Algorithm 1
2: Algorithm 2

Unit

N/A

Default Value
(note)

1: Algorithm 1
62

Power Control Parameters - DPCMode

Parameter name

DPC Mode

Abbreviated
name

DPCMode

Description

This parameter indicates which downlink inner loop

power control algorithm is used. There are two kinks of
downlink inner power control algorithm: single TPC and
TPC triplet in soft. And which algorithm to be used
should be configured to UE.

Range and Step

0: Single TPC
1: TPC Triplet in Soft

Unit

N/A

Default Value
(note)

0: Single TPC
63

Power Control Parameters - TpcDlStep

Parameter
name

TPC DL Step Size(dB)

Abbreviated
name

TpcDlStep

Description

This parameter indicates downlink inner loop power control

adjustment step length. Usually with stable channel condition,
this value is small; in worse radio environment, this value is
larger.

Range and
Step

0.5 1 1.5 2dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
1dB
(note)
64

Power Control Parameters - MeasPwrOffset

Parameter name

HS-PDSCH Measurement Power Offset(dB)

Abbreviated name MeasPwrOffset

Description

This parameter indicates the assumed HS-PDSCH

power offset relative to P-CPICH/S-CPICH power used
for CQI measurement.

Range and Step

[-6, 13]dB step 0.5 dB

Unit

dB

Default Value
(note)

6
65

Power Control Parameters List

Name

Default Value

TRUE Value

ConstVal

-18dB

-18dB

PRStep

1dB

1dB

POPpm

[2, 2]dB

[2, 2]dB

DpcchPilotEbN0

slide 35

slide 35

PschPwr

-3dB

-3dB

SschPwr

-4dB

-4dB

PcpichPwr

33.0dBm

33.0dBm

ScpichPwr

0dB

0dB

BchPwr

-3dB

-3dB

PchPwr

-3dB

-3dB

MaxFachPwr

-1dB

-1dB

PichPwr

-7dB

-7dB

AichPwr

-7dB

-7dB

TpcStepSize

1dB

1dB

UlIlPcAlg

1: Algorithm 1

1: Algorithm 1

DPCMode

0: Single TPC

0: Single TPC

TpcDlStep

1dB

1dB

MeasPwrOffset

6dB

6dB

66