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Seismic Refraction

This document discusses seismic refraction, which uses the refraction of seismic waves to characterize subsurface geology. It works by generating seismic waves at the surface using a hammer or dynamite, which are detected by geophones. The refraction and reflection of waves between geophones as they pass through different subsurface layers are recorded. Data processing involves analyzing travel time graphs to determine layer velocities and depths based on wave propagation speed changes at boundaries. While effective for shallow subsurface mapping, seismic refraction is subject to field measurement errors and cannot be used on developed land.

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383 views8 pages

Seismic Refraction

This document discusses seismic refraction, which uses the refraction of seismic waves to characterize subsurface geology. It works by generating seismic waves at the surface using a hammer or dynamite, which are detected by geophones. The refraction and reflection of waves between geophones as they pass through different subsurface layers are recorded. Data processing involves analyzing travel time graphs to determine layer velocities and depths based on wave propagation speed changes at boundaries. While effective for shallow subsurface mapping, seismic refraction is subject to field measurement errors and cannot be used on developed land.

Uploaded by

rurouni_adhi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Seismic Refraction

by
Triadi Wirawan
10205052
outline

 Definition
 How it works ?
 Data processing
 conclusion
Definition
seismic wave
seismic wave is a sound wave that propagates in the earth

Seismic refraction method


The seismic refraction method utilizes the refraction of
seismic waves on geologic layers and rock/soil units in
order to characterize the subsurface geologic conditions
and geologic structure.
How it works ?
This method works well is the source of the
wave form of the hammer / dynamite was
raised on the surface of the earth, reflection
and refraction of waves is captured by a series
geophone is mounted horizontally which
between the geophone and the other one
associated with the take out cable. Of the
geophone-geophone is then transmitted and
recorded by a seismograph equipment which
will display the results in the spreading wave of
earth.
processing data
hammer from the
seismograph

Geophone chapture
Seismograph
refraction and Geophone trasmiting
spreading waves
reflection data to seismograph
in the earth
waves
data Processing Geophone

0
Jarak (m)

0
Waktu (millisec)

1 108 70

2 116 75

3 124 80

4 132 84

5 140 90

6 148 95
Kurva Jarak V/S Waktu
7 156 100

200 8 164 102

9 172 108

150
Waktu t (milisec)

10 180 115

11 188 122
100 12 196 126

13 204 128
50 14 212 132

15 220 134
0 16 228 137
0 100 200 300 400 17 236 140

18 244 144
Jarak sumber gelombang-geophone (m)
19 252 145

20 260 147

21 268 150
y = 0.5226x + 15.219 22 276 152

23 284 155

24 292 158
Grafik Gelombang Langsung

140
V wave = 1 / gradient
travel time (millisec)

120 y = 0.6373x + 0.3474


100
80 Series1
60 Linear (Series1)
40
20
0
Grafik Perpotongan Gelombang Langsung &
0 50 100 150 200 250
Gelombang Bias
Jarak sumber ke geophone (m)
300

travel time (millisec)


250
200
gelombang langsung
150
Grafik Gelombang Bias 100
gelombang bias

50
180 0
160 0 100 200 300 400 500
travel time (millisec)

140 y = 0.3297x + 61.714 jarak sumber ke geophone (m)


120
100 Series1
80 Linear (Series1)
60
40
20
0 h1 = [(V1V2 )T] / 2√(V2.V2) –(V1.V1)
0 100 200 300 400
jarak sumber ke geophone (m)
conclusion

seismic refraction method is very


effective used to determine the condition
of the soil layer to the shallow depth. but
sometimes a lot of distractions at the time
of the field measurements that resulted in
inaccurate data retrieval. measurement
using this method can not be done on
land which had been coated

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