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Presented BY:-Pratik Gupta (Eee 5 Sem)

This document discusses steam turbines. It begins by defining a turbine as an engine that converts the energy of fluid like steam into mechanical energy. It then describes the basic principles of how steam turbines work, including how steam energy is converted to mechanical work through expansion across multiple stages of fixed and moving blades. It provides details on different types of steam turbines like back pressure and extraction condensing turbines. It also discusses impulse and reaction turbines and includes diagrams to illustrate how each works. In closing, it briefly outlines some common problems that can occur in steam turbines like stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and thermal fatigue.

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107 views21 pages

Presented BY:-Pratik Gupta (Eee 5 Sem)

This document discusses steam turbines. It begins by defining a turbine as an engine that converts the energy of fluid like steam into mechanical energy. It then describes the basic principles of how steam turbines work, including how steam energy is converted to mechanical work through expansion across multiple stages of fixed and moving blades. It provides details on different types of steam turbines like back pressure and extraction condensing turbines. It also discusses impulse and reaction turbines and includes diagrams to illustrate how each works. In closing, it briefly outlines some common problems that can occur in steam turbines like stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and thermal fatigue.

Uploaded by

Necati çoban
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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presented BY :-

Pratik gupta (eee 5


TH
SEM )
Steam turbine
What exactly is the turbine?
Turbine is an engine
that converts energy of
fluid into mechanical
energy

The steam turbine is
steam driven rotary
engine.

Principle of steam turbine:
The steam energy is converted mechanical work
by expansion through the turbine.
Expansion takes place through a series of fixed
blades(nozzles) and moving blades.
In each row fixed blade and moving blade are
called stage.

WORK IN A TURBINE
VISUALIZED
6
Steam turbine:
Widely used in CHP(combined heat and power)
applications.
Oldest prime mover technology
Capacities: 50 kW to hundreds of MWs
Thermodynamic cycle is the Rankin cycle that uses a
boiler
Most common types
Back pressure steam turbine
Extraction condensing steam turbine
Steam Turbine System:
7
Steam exits the turbine at a higher pressure that the
atmospheric
Back Pressure Steam Turbine
Fuel
Figure: Back pressure steam turbine
Advantages:
-Simple configuration
-Low capital cost
-Low need of cooling water
-High total efficiency

Disadvantages:
-Larger steam turbine
Boiler
Turbine
Process
HP Steam
Condensate
LP
Steam

Steam turbine:
8
Steam obtained by
extraction from an
intermediate stage
Remaining steam is
exhausted
Relatively high
capital cost, lower
total efficiency
Extraction Condensing Steam
Turbine
Boiler
Turbine
Process
HP Steam
LP Steam
Condensate
Condenser

Fuel
Figure: Extraction condensing steam turbine
Steam turbine:
steam turbine and blades
STEAM TURBINE 500 MW
Generator rated speed 3000 rpm
Generator manufacturer BHEL
No. of bleedings 6
No. of bearings 7
No. of stages
HPT 17 (All Reaction)
IPT 12x2 ( All Reaction)
LPT 6x2 (All Reaction)
Total 53

Inlet Steam Pr: 166 ksc
Inlet Steam Temp: 540 Deg C

STEAM TURBINE 600 MW
Generator rated speed 3000 rpm
Generator manufacturer Electrosila
No. of bleedings 8
Length of the turbine 36.362 m
No. of stages
HPT 17 ( 1
st
Impulse & rest Reaction)
IPT 11x2 ( All impulse)
LPT-1 5x2 ( All impulse)
LPT-2 5x2 ( All impulse)
Total 59
Inlet Steam Pr: 247 Ksc
Inlet Steam Temp: 537 Deg C
Types of steam turbine:
There are two main types
1. Impulse steam turbine
2. Reaction steam turbine

Impulse steam turbine:
The basic idea of an impulse turbine is that
a jet of steam from a fixed nozzle pushes
against the rotor blades and impels them
forward.
The velocity of steam is twice as fast as the
velocity of blade.
Pressure drops take place in the fixed blade
(nozzle).

PRESSURE-VELOCITY DIAGRAM
FOR
A MOVING IMPULSE BLADE
PES
VELOCITY
PRESSURE
TURBINE
SHAFT
DIRECTION OF SPIN
ENTRANCE
HIGH VELOCITY
STEAM INLET
REPRESENTS MOVING
IMPULSE BLADES
EXIT
LOW VELOCITY
STEAM EXHAUST
14
IMPULSE TURBINE
PRINCIPLE
PES
NOZZLE
STEAM
CHEST
ROTOR
15
Reaction steam turbine:
A reaction turbine utilizes a jet of
steam that flows from a nozzle on the
rotor.
Actually, the steam is directed into the
moving blades by fixed blades
designed to expand the steam.
The result is a small increase in
velocity over that of the moving
blades.

PRESSURE-VELOCITY DIAGRAM
FOR
A MOVING REACTION BLADE
PES
TURBINE
SHAFT
DIRECTION OF SPIN
ENTRANCE
HIGH PRESSURE
HIGH VELOCITY
STEAM INLET
REPRESENTS MOVING
REACTION BLADES
EXIT
LOW PRESSURE
LOW VELOCITY
STEAM EXHAUST
PRESSURE
VELOCITY
17
REACTION TURBINE
PRINCIPLE
PES
STEAM CHEST
ROTOR
18
Schematic diagram:
Problems in steam turbine:
Stress corrosion carking
Corrosion fatigue
Pitting
Oil lubrication
imbalance of the rotor can lead to
vibration
misalignment
Thermal fatigue


Thank you

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