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Seminar On Fingerprint Recognization

The document discusses fingerprint recognition, including how fingerprints are classified based on ridge patterns, how images are acquired and processed to extract features like minutiae points, and the most popular matching paradigm which uses the relative positions of minutiae points. It also outlines applications of fingerprint recognition such as voting, forensic matching, criminal identification, banking security, and national ID systems.

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820 views18 pages

Seminar On Fingerprint Recognization

The document discusses fingerprint recognition, including how fingerprints are classified based on ridge patterns, how images are acquired and processed to extract features like minutiae points, and the most popular matching paradigm which uses the relative positions of minutiae points. It also outlines applications of fingerprint recognition such as voting, forensic matching, criminal identification, banking security, and national ID systems.

Uploaded by

vik_fiem
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fingerprint

Recognition
By
VIKASH KUMAR
( 06-cse-20 )
Agenda
 Introduction
 Fingerprint Classification
 Image Acquisition
 Image Processing
 Matching Paradigms
 Applications
Introduction
 A fingerprint is an individual
characteristic; no two people have
been found with the exact same
fingerprint pattern.

 A fingerprint pattern remains


unchanged for the life of an
individual; however, the print itself
may change due to permanent
scars and skin diseases.

 Fingerprints have general


characteristic ridge patterns that
allow them to be systematically
identified.
Fingerprint Classification

Arch ( ) Tented Arch ( )

Whorl ( )

Right Loop Left Loop ( )


Fingerprint Classification
Some other line types are:-

Bifurcation: It is the intersection of two or more line-


types which converge or diverge.

Island: A line-type that stands alone.( i.e. does not touch


another line-type)

Ellipse: A circular or oval shaped line-type which is


generally found in the center of the fingerprint, it is
generally found in the Whorl print pattern.
General Architecture
Fingerprint Acquisition
 Acquisition of fingerprint Images was performed by two
techniques

 Off-line sensing -Although the first fingerprint


scanners were introduced more than 30 years ago,
still ink-technique is used in some applications

 Live-scan sensing - Optical sensors


Silicon based sensors
Ultrasound sensors

 The basic idea behind each capture


approach is to measure in some way
the physical difference between
ridges and valleys
Fingerprint Image Segmentation
 A Region of Interest (ROI) is useful to be
recognized for each fingerprint image.
 The image area without effective ridges and
furrows is first discarded since it only holds
background information.

Tessellation of Region of Interest


Fingerprint Image Enhancement
 To make the image clearer for easy further
operations.
 For increasing the contrast between ridges and
furrows and for connecting the false broken points of
ridges.

Original Enhanced
Binarization
 The process of turning a grayscale image to a
black and white image.
 Transform the 8-bit Gray fingerprint image to a
1-bit image with 0-value for ridges and 1-value
for furrows.
 After the operation, ridges in the fingerprint are
highlighted with black color while furrows are
white.
Fingerprint Ridge Thinning
 Reduces the width of the ridges to one pixel.
 Filling holes, removing small breaks, eliminating
bridges between ridges etc.

Thinned image
Minutia Marking
 After the fingerprint ridge thinning, marking minutia
points is relatively easy.
 In general, for each 3x3 window, if the central pixel is 1
and has exactly 3 one-value neighbour (non-adjacent),
then the central pixel is a ridge branch.
 If the central pixel is 1 and has only 1 one-value
neighbor, then the central pixel is a ridge ending.

0 1 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1
Bifurcation Termination
Minutia Detection Method

Acquisition Binarization Thinning Minutia Detection


Matching Paradigms
 Manual
 Human experts use a combination of visual, textural,
minutiae cues and experience for verification
 Still used in the final stages of law enforcement
applications
 Image based
 Utilizes only visual appearance
 Requires the complete image to be stored
 Texture based
 Treats the fingerprint as an oriented texture image
 Less accurate than minutiae based matchers since most
regions in the fingerprints carry low textural content
 Minutiae based
 Uses the relative position of the minutiae points
 The most popular and accurate approach for verification
 Resembles manual approach very closely.
Minutiae Based Matching
Applications
 Voting
 Forensic matching
 Identification of Criminals
 Identification of missing children
 Banking Security - ATM security, card transaction
 Information System Security
 National ID Systems
 Passport control (INSPASS)
 Prisoner, prison visitors, inmate control
Biometric Comparison

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