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    Process Design of Distillation Column

    Uploaded by

    Uzair Wahid
    This document discusses the design of a distillation column to separate a mixture of phenol and cumene. Key details include: - The feed composition is 277 kg/hr of phenol and 71 kg/hr of cumene. - Calculations determine the bottom temperature is 191.1°C and top is 152.57°C, with an average of 171.86°C. - Relative volatility of phenol to cumene is calculated as 2.239. - Minimum reflux ratio is determined to be 5.036 and maximum as 7.554. - Number of theoretical plates is 20, and with 75% efficiency the number of actual plates needed is 27.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Process Design of Distillation Column

    Uploaded by

    Uzair Wahid
    308 views22 pages
    This document discusses the design of a distillation column to separate a mixture of phenol and cumene. Key details include: - The feed composition is 277 kg/hr of phenol and 71 kg/hr of cumene. - Calculations determine the bottom temperature is 191.1°C and top is 152.57°C, with an average of 171.86°C. - Relative volatility of phenol to cumene is calculated as 2.239. - Minimum reflux ratio is determined to be 5.036 and maximum as 7.554. - Number of theoretical plates is 20, and with 75% efficiency the number of actual plates needed is 27.

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    This document discusses the design of a distillation column to separate a mixture of phenol and cumene. Key details include: - The feed composition is 277 kg/hr of phenol and 71 kg/hr of cumene. - Calculations determine the bottom temperature is 191.1°C and top is 152.57°C, with an average of 171.86°C. - Relative volatility of phenol to cumene is calculated as 2.239. - Minimum reflux ratio is determined to be 5.036 and maximum as 7.554. - Number of theoretical plates is 20, and with 75% efficiency the number of actual plates needed is 27.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    308 views22 pages

    Process Design of Distillation Column

    Uploaded by

    Uzair Wahid
    This document discusses the design of a distillation column to separate a mixture of phenol and cumene. Key details include: - The feed composition is 277 kg/hr of phenol and 71 kg/hr of cumene. - Calculations determine the bottom temperature is 191.1°C and top is 152.57°C, with an average of 171.86°C. - Relative volatility of phenol to cumene is calculated as 2.239. - Minimum reflux ratio is determined to be 5.036 and maximum as 7.554. - Number of theoretical plates is 20, and with 75% efficiency the number of actual plates needed is 27.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    Process design of

    distillation column
    Diagram
    Feed
    Distillate
    Bottom
    Cumene 0.996
    Phenol 0.004
    X
    d

    Cumene 0.0016
    Phenol 0.9984
    X
    b

    Cumene 0.17
    Phenol 0.83
    X
    f

    Feed composition
    Feed stream composition
    Feed Mass(Kg/hr)
    Phenol 277.452
    Cumene 66.972
    AMS 4.381
    Cont
    Since the amount of AMS in feed stream is negligible and its properties
    resembling close to cumene. Hence it can be merged with cumene for easier
    calculations.

    Feed Mass(Kg/hr) Mass(Kgmol/hr) X
    f

    Phenol 277.452 2.948 0.83
    Cumene 71.353 0.594 0.17
    Calculation for bottom temperature
    Bottom pressure = 1.28 atm = 972.8 mmHg

    Using Antoine equation
    =

    +


    Antoine equation constants for phenol

    A = 16.4279
    B = 3490.89
    C = -98.59
    Cont
    Putting the constants in above equation

    ln 972.8 =
    3490.89
    98.59
    16.4279

    = = .

    The top temperature as given in process conditions is

    = .

    Taking avg temperature
    Now taking the average of these temperatures

    = ( + )/2

    =
    152.5 +191.215
    2
    = 171.86
    Calculating vapour pressure of cumene
    Using antoine equation

    =

    +

    Here

    = 171.86

    The following are the antoine constants for cumene

    A = 13.957
    B = 3363.3
    C = 207.78
    Cont
    Putting the values in eq above


    =
    3363.3
    171.86 +207.78
    13.957

    = . = .
    Calculating vapour pressure of phenol
    Using antoine equation

    =

    +

    Here

    = 171.86

    The following are the antoine constants for phenol

    A = 14.4387
    B = 3507.80
    C = 175.4

    Cont
    Putting the values in eq above


    =
    3507.80
    171.86 +175.4
    14.4387

    = . = .
    Calculating relative volatility
    = (. )/(. )

    Putting the corresponding values of pressure in above eq

    =
    1277.6
    570.48
    = 2.239
    The following corresponding vapor-liquid relation is obtained

    X .002 .02 .10 .20 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .80 .90 1.0
    Y .004 .043 .19 .35 .49 .60 .69 .77 .84 .90 .95 1.0
    VLE diagram
    Since the feed is entering at its boiling point hence q-line is vertical

    0
    0.2
    0.4
    0.6
    0.8
    1
    1.2
    0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
    VLE Diagram
    Calculating minimum reflux ratio
    So from graph

    m
    = 0.165



    =
    0.996
    0.165
    1 = 5.036
    Calculating maximum reflux ratio
    Taking
    = .



    = 1.5 5.036 = 7.554

    =

    /(+)

    =
    .996
    7.554 +1
    = .12
    Calculating the number of theoretical
    and real plates required
    = 1 = 21 1 = 20

    Here = 21 obtained from the graph

    Assuming efficiency = 75%

    =
    no. of ideal stages
    no. of real stages


    . =
    20
    0.75
    = 26.66~27

    Calculating flooding velocity
    At top plate
    = 70.965

    = = 7.554 70.965 = 536.07


    + = 607.03
    At bottom plate
    = 277.84

    + = 884.875

    = 607.03
    Density at top

    = 152.57

    = 775 /
    3

    = 3.44 /
    3






    Cont
    Density at bottom

    = 191.1

    = 930 /
    3

    = 3.16 /
    3

    Surface tension
    Top Cumene = 29.01 mN/m
    Bottom Phenol = 37.66 mN/m

    = (

    )(

    )
    Top = 0.05880
    Bottom = 0.0849
    Tray spacing = 0.30m


    Figure
    Cont
    So from the previous figure
    Top
    1
    = 0.06
    Bottom
    2
    = 0.058
    Surface tension correction
    Top
    1
    = (
    29.01
    20
    )
    0.2
    0.06 = 0.064
    Bottom
    2
    = (
    37.66
    20
    )
    0.2
    0.058 = 0.065
    Flooding velocity

    =
    1
    (

    )
    Top

    = 0.958 /
    Bottom

    = 1.113 /
    Cont
    Design for 85% flooding velocity at max flow rate
    Top

    = 0.958 0.85 = 0.81 /


    Bottom

    = 1.113 0.85 = 0.94 /


    Max vol.flowrate of vapour
    Top . =

    = 0.049
    3
    /
    Bottom . =

    = 0.0534
    3
    /
    Net area required
    Top =
    .

    = 0.060
    2

    Bottom N =
    .

    = 0.0568
    2

    Calculating column area and diameter
    Downcomer area = 12% of column area

    = 0.12

    0.12


    Top

    = 0.0503
    2

    Bottom

    = 0.047
    2

    Column diameter

    = (
    4

    )
    Top

    = 0.253
    Bottom

    = 0.245

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