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Lecture 04

This document discusses network analysis techniques for project management. It introduces forward and backward passes to calculate earliest and latest start/finish times and float for tasks. An example project is provided and forward/backward passes are performed to identify the critical path. Key aspects of network analysis covered include splitting tasks, estimating durations, and identifying the sequence of critical tasks that determine the project duration.

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Stojan Bozhinov
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127 views

Lecture 04

This document discusses network analysis techniques for project management. It introduces forward and backward passes to calculate earliest and latest start/finish times and float for tasks. An example project is provided and forward/backward passes are performed to identify the critical path. Key aspects of network analysis covered include splitting tasks, estimating durations, and identifying the sequence of critical tasks that determine the project duration.

Uploaded by

Stojan Bozhinov
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project Management

Lecture
Network Analysis
Introduction
Project planning
Gantt chart and WBS
Project planning
Network analysis I
Project planning
Network analysis II




Project planning
Network analysis I
Project planning
Network analysis II
Plan
Project planning
Resource analysis
Risk management
Quality
Budgets and cost
control
Project teams
Why Network Diagrams?
Splits up the decision making process into
Method/logic - the order in which tasks have to
be completed
Time estimates for the time to completion
can be added to each task
Resources these can be added and then
analysis carried out
Project Exercise 1
Project 1: Verification of a computer system
The followng table shows the activities required for this project.
Activity
ID Activity Immediate Predecessor
Duration
(Days)
1 Test Module A none 4
2 Test Module B Test Module A 6
3 Test Module C none 7
4 Test Combined Modules Test Module B, Test Module C 4
5 Check User Documents Test Combined Modules 5
6 Print User Documents Check User Documents 2
7 Final Systems Check Test Combined Modules 9
8 Prepare Invoice Final Systems Check 1
9 Ship to Customer Print User Documents, Final
Systems Check
2
Project Exercise 1
4
1. Test Module A
6
2. Test Module B
7
3. Test Module C
4
4. Test Combined
Modules
5
5. Check User
Documents
9
7. Final System
Check
2
6. Print User
Documents
2
9. Ship to
Customer
1
8. Prepare
invoice
Why Network Diagrams?
Splits up the decision making process into
Method/logic - the order in which tasks have to
be completed
Time estimates for the time to completion
can be added to each task
Resources these can be added and then
analysis carried out
Two Parts to the Analysis
Forward Pass
Calculates the Duration of the Project
Backward Pass
Calculates the slack/float for each task and
shows the critical path
Forward Pass
(BBC, 2005)
In a game
of rugby
it is a
means of
cheating
often
missed by
referees
Forward Pass
but in project management it is used
To calculate the total duration of the Project

For each task:
Take the earliest start time (EST)
Calculate the Earliest finish time (EFT):

EFT = EST+Duration
Whats in the box?
Earliest
Start
Estimated
Duration
Earliest
Finish
Activity Number
Activity Description
Latest
Start
Float
Latest
Finish
Earliest
Start
Estimated
Duration
Earliest
Finish
Activity Number
Activity Description
Latest
Start
Float
Latest
Finish
Earliest
Start
Estimated
Duration
Earliest
Finish
Activity Number
Activity Description
Latest
Start
Float
Latest
Finish
Forward Pass

Task A
27 0

Task B
5

Task C
10


Task A
27 27 0

Task B
5

Task C
10


Task A
27 27 0

Task B
5 27

Task C
10 27


Task A
27 27 0

Task B
32 5 27

Task C
37 10 27


Task A
27 27 0

Task C
?? 5 ??

Task B
22 12 10


Task A
27 27 0

Task C
5 27

Task B
22 12 10


Task A
27 27 0

Task C
32 5 27

Task B
22 12 10

Forward Pass
Project Exercise 1
Project 1: Verification of a computer system
The followng table shows the activities required for this project.
Activity
ID Activity Immediate Predecessor
Duration
(Days)
1 Test Module A none 4
2 Test Module B Test Module A 6
3 Test Module C none 7
4 Test Combined Modules Test Module B, Test Module C 4
5 Check User Documents Test Combined Modules 5
6 Print User Documents Check User Documents 2
7 Final Systems Check Test Combined Modules 9
8 Prepare Invoice Final Systems Check 1
9 Ship to Customer Print User Documents, Final
Systems Check
2
Exercise 1 Forward Pass
Carry out a forward
pass on Project in
Exercise 1
Project Exercise 1
4
1. Test Module A
6
2. Test Module B
7
3. Test Module C
4
4. Test Combined
Modules
5
5. Check User
Documents
9
7. Final System
Check
2
6. Print User
Documents
2
9. Ship to
Customer
1
8. Prepare
invoice
Project Exercise 1
0 4 4
1. Test Module A
4 6 10
2. Test Module B
0 7 7
3. Test Module C
10 4 14
4. Test Combined
Modules
14 5 19
5. Check User
Documents
14 9 23
7. Final System
Check
19 2 21
6. Print User
Documents
23 2 25
9. Ship to
Customer
23 1 24
8. Prepare
invoice
Dangler
Dangler
Dangler
Start and Finish Nodes
0 4 4
1. Test Module A
4 6 10
2. Test Module B
0 7 7
3. Test Module C
10 4 14
4. Test Combined
Modules
14 5 19
5. Check User
Documents
14 9 23
7. Final System
Check
19 2 21
6. Print User
Documents
23 2 25
9. Ship to
Customer
23 1 24
8. Prepare
invoice
0 0 0
Start
25 0 25
Finish
Whats in the box?
Earliest
Start
Estimated
Duration
Earliest
Finish
Activity Number
Activity Description
Latest
Start
Float
Latest
Finish
Earliest
Start
Estimated
Duration
Earliest
Finish
Activity Number
Activity Description
Latest
Start
Float
Latest
Finish
Earliest
Start
Estimated
Duration
Earliest
Finish
Activity Number
Activity Description
Latest
Start
Float
Latest
Finish
Backward Pass
To calculate the float for each task?

For each task:
Take the latest start time (LST)
Calculate the latest finish time (LFT):

LST = LFT-Duration
Backward Pass

Task A
27 27 0

Task C
32 5 27

Task B
22 12 10


Task A
27 27 0

Task C
32 5 27
32
Task B
22 12 10


Task A
27 27 0

Task C
32 5 27
32 27
Task B
22 12 10


Task A
27 27 0
27
Task C
32 5 27
32 27
Task B
22 12 10
27

Task A
27 27 0
27 0
Task C
32 5 27
32 27
Task B
22 12 10
27 15
Backward Pass

Task A
34 7 27

Task B
41 7 34
48
Task C
43 9 34
45

Task A
34 7 27

Task B
41 7 34
48 41
Task C
43 9 34
45 36

Task A
34 7 27
36 29
Task B
41 7 34
48 41
Task C
43 9 34
45 36
Project Exercise 1
Project 1: Verification of a computer system
The followng table shows the activities required for this project.
Activity
ID Activity Immediate Predecessor
Duration
(Days)
1 Test Module A none 4
2 Test Module B Test Module A 6
3 Test Module C none 7
4 Test Combined Modules Test Module B, Test Module C 4
5 Check User Documents Test Combined Modules 5
6 Print User Documents Check User Documents 2
7 Final Systems Check Test Combined Modules 9
8 Prepare Invoice Final Systems Check 1
9 Ship to Customer Print User Documents, Final
Systems Check
2
Exercise 1 Backward Pass
Carry out a backward pass on project
exercise 1
Ex1 - After Backward Pass
0 4 4
0 4
1. Test Module A
4 6 10
4 10
2. Test Module B
0 7 7
3 10
3. Test Module C
10 4 14
10 14
4. Test Combined
Modules
14 5 19
15 21
5. Check User
Documents
14 9 23
14 23
7. Final System
Check
19 2 21
21 23
6. Print User
Documents
23 2 25
23 25
9. Ship to
Customer
23 1 24
24 25
8. Prepare
invoice
0 0 0
0 0
Start
25 0 25
25 25
Finish
What about the float?
Float = LFT-EFT
Or
Float = LST-EST


What about the float?
Float represents the amount of time that
the task can be delayed without affecting
the outcome of the project

A task with zero float cannot be delayed
and is therefore critical to the timely
completion of the project
What about the float?
A time optimised project will have a
sequence of tasks from start to finish that
have zero float

This sequence of tasks is called the critical
path
Project Exercise 1
Project 1: Verification of a computer system
The followng table shows the activities required for this project.
Activity
ID Activity Immediate Predecessor
Duration
(Days)
1 Test Module A none 4
2 Test Module B Test Module A 6
3 Test Module C none 7
4 Test Combined Modules Test Module B, Test Module C 4
5 Check User Documents Test Combined Modules 5
6 Print User Documents Check User Documents 2
7 Final Systems Check Test Combined Modules 9
8 Prepare Invoice Final Systems Check 1
9 Ship to Customer Print User Documents, Final
Systems Check
2
Exercise 1 Critical Path
Calculate the float for each task and
identify the critical path through the project
Ex1 Float
0 4 4
0 0 4
1. Test Module A
4 6 10
4 0 10
2. Test Module B
0 7 7
3 3 10
3. Test Module C
10 4 14
10 0 14
4. Test Combined
Modules
14 5 19
15 2 21
5. Check User
Documents
14 9 23
14 0 23
7. Final System
Check
19 2 21
21 2 23
6. Print User
Documents
23 2 25
23 0 25
9. Ship to
Customer
23 1 24
24 1 25
8. Prepare
invoice
0 0 0
0 0 0
Start
25 0 25
25 0 25
Finish
Ex1 Critical Path
0 4 4
0 0 4
1. Test Module A
4 6 10
4 0 10
2. Test Module B
0 7 7
3 3 10
3. Test Module C
10 4 14
10 0 14
4. Test Combined
Modules
14 5 19
15 2 21
5. Check User
Documents
14 9 23
14 0 23
7. Final System
Check
19 2 21
21 2 23
6. Print User
Documents
23 2 25
23 0 25
9. Ship to
Customer
23 1 24
24 1 25
8. Prepare
invoice
0 0 0
0 0 0
Start
25 0 25
25 0 25
Finish
Questions
My Project has no critical path. What does
this mean?

My programmer has broken his big toe in a
skiing accident and cannot type for two
weeks (he has a valid sick note). How will
this affect my software delivery date?
Directed Study
Find the critical path for Project Exercise 2
(see Lecture 3).

Find the critical path for the large project in
Exercise 3.
Introduction
Project planning
Gantt chart and WBS
Project planning
Network analysis I
Project planning
Network analysis II




Project planning
Network analysis I
Project planning
Network analysis II
Plan
Project planning
Resource analysis
Risk management
Quality
Budgets and cost
control
Project teams
Project planning
Resource analysis
Risk management
Quality
Budgets and cost
control
Project teams

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