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DC Circuits

This document provides an overview of key topics in DC circuits including: 1) How to simplify resistors connected in series and parallel using calculations of total resistance. 2) How to analyze more complex networks using Kirchhoff's rules of junctions and loops. 3) Characteristics of R-C circuits including how capacitors charge and discharge over time through resistors. 4) Electrical measuring instruments like ammeters and voltmeters and their usage in household circuits.

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Abhishek Singh
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56 views24 pages

DC Circuits

This document provides an overview of key topics in DC circuits including: 1) How to simplify resistors connected in series and parallel using calculations of total resistance. 2) How to analyze more complex networks using Kirchhoff's rules of junctions and loops. 3) Characteristics of R-C circuits including how capacitors charge and discharge over time through resistors. 4) Electrical measuring instruments like ammeters and voltmeters and their usage in household circuits.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Series and parallel resistors

Kirchhoffs Rules for network problems


Electrical meters and household circuits
R-C circuits

DC CIRCUITS: Chapter 26
C 2012 J. Becker
Learning Goals - we will learn:
How to simplify resistors connected
in a circuit in series and in parallel.
How to simplify and analyze more
complicated networks using
Kirchhoffs Rules.
R-C circuits

Series connection
Parallel connection
Resistors connected in a circuit in series or
parallel can be simplified using the following:
C 1998 McDermott, et al., Prentice Hall
Calculate the total resistance of each box if
each bulb has a resistance of 1000 Ohms (W).
Method of simplifying the circuit in (a) below
to get the equivalent resistance.
We can then calculate the power P = I
2
R
dissipated in each resistor.
Exercise 26.13: Four equivalent light bulbs
R
1
= R
2
= R
3
= R
4
= 4.50 W, emf = 9.00 Volts.
Find current and power in each light bulb.
Which bulb is brightest?
Later, if bulb #4 is removed which bulbs
get brighter? Dimmer?
On the course website, see old Test #1
from previous semesters
for typical DC circuit problems

AND other typical problems on tests

See
www.physics.sjsu.edu/Becker/physics51
These complex circuits cannot
be reduced to series
parallel combinations.
So use Kirchhoffs Rules:
1. S I
j
= 0 junction rule
(valid at any junction);
conservation of charge
2. S (DV
j
) = 0 loop rule
(valid for any closed loop);
conservation of energy
At node A, S Iin = S Iout
I
1
+ I
3
= I
2

S Vrises = S Vdrops
Loop #1:
I
2
R
2
+e
4
+ I
1
R
1
= e
1
+ e
2
Loop #2:
e
3
+ e
2
= I
2
R
2
+ I
3
R
3
Label:
3 Is;
+/- on Rs;
loops.
Write equations.
Figure 26.66
5.00 A = I
4
4.00
B
I
3
I
2
Label the 3 branch currents I
2
, I
3
, and I
4
.
Since V
AB
across all 3 branches is the same
and is known: V
4
= I
4
R
4
= 5A (4W) = 20 Volts,
the currents and e can be readily solved.
A
V
4
= I
4
R
4
= 5A (4W) = 20 Volts
I
3
= V
3
/ R
3
= 4V / 3W = 1.33 A

At junction B, S I in = S I out
I
4
= I
2
+ I
3
; I
2
= I
4
I
3
= 5A - 1.3A
I
2
= 3.7A
Loop #1: S V rises = S V drops
e = I
2
R
2
+ I
4
R
4
= 3.7A (2W) + 5A(4W)
e = 27.4 V
V
4
= I
4
R
4
= 5A (4W) = 20 Volts
I
3
= V
3
/ R
3
= 4V / 3W = 1.33 A
At junction B, S I in = S I out
I
4
= I
2
+ I
3
; I
2
= I
4
- I
3
= 5A - 1.3A = 3.7A
Loop #1: S V rises = S V drops
e = I
2
R
2
+I
4
R
4
= 3.7A (2W) + 5A(4W) =27.4 V
5.0 A
4.00
B
I
3

I
2
Figure 26.11
Typo on top of page 890 (12
th
Edition),
2
nd
line from top of page:
right side should read bottom
(See Figure 26.11 which is rotated 90
o

from figure in the 11
th
Edition.)
ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
METERS
A dArsonval galvanometer meter movement
AMMETERS have a very small shunt resistor in them
to reduce the effect of introducing the meter
resistance into the circuit being measured.
VOLTMETERS (DV) have a very large series resistor
in them to reduce the amount of current drawn from
the circuit being measured.
DISCHARGING: CHARGING:
An RC circuit
that can be used
to charge and
discharge a
capacitor
(through a
resistor).
CHARGING A CAPACITOR:
current vs time
CHARGING A CAPACITOR:
charge vs time
DISCHARGING A CAPACITOR:
current vs time

DISCHARGING A CAPACITOR:
charge vs time

o
o
A battery, a capacitor, and a resistor are connected in series.
Which of the following affect(s) the maximum charge stored
on the capacitor?
Q26.26
A. the emf e of the battery
B. the capacitance C of the capacitor
C. the resistance R of the resistor
D. both e and C
E. all three of e, C, and R
House wiring circuits
Hand drill circuit with ground wire for
safety
see
www.physics.sjsu.edu/Becker/physics51
Review
C 2012 J. F. Becker

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