Welcome to The 3rd

Generation
Mobile System Sharing
Session
GSM frequency allocations
GSM-900 Uplink Downlink
915 MHz 890 MHz 935 MHz 960 MHz
GSM-1800 Uplink Downlink
1785 MHz 1710 MHz 1805 MHz 1880 MHz

3G.IP
OHG
Specification Bodies
UMTS
IMT-2000 frequency allocations
2200 MHz 2000 1900 1950 2050 2100 2150 1850
Japan
IMT-2000
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IMT-2000
ITU
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IMT-2000
IMT-2000
Europe
UMTS
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GSM
1800
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UMTS
(FDD)
USA
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PCS
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GSM evolves to meet new needs with higher data
rates.

GSM Evolution to Multimedia
Data Rates
EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM
Evolution)
- ECSD and EGPRS
- 3-fold increase in data transfer
capability
GSM data evolution provides
- A natural growth path to WCDMA
- An alternative for WCDMA
Throughput in kbit/s per single radio timeslot
0
20
40
60
GSM Data HSCSD GPRS ECSD EGPRS
HSCSD GPRS ECSD
EGPRS
9.6-14.4 kbps
WCDMA
Americas: GSM
EDGE
China: GSM
EDGE, WCDMA
SEAP: GSM
EDGE, WCDMA
Korea: CDMA
Japan: WCDMA
Europe: GSM
EDGE, WCDMA
3G globally
CDMA theory
Spreading and sharing the same
space
f f
f f
User A User A
User B User B
Data Data Data after Data after
spreading spreading
P P
P P
Transmission Transmission
over the air over the air
Despread Despread
User A signal User B signal
at the receiver at the receiver
f f
f f
f f f f
P
P
P
P
Sharing the frequency by using different codes
Codes
Power (P)
Time
Frequency
Admission Control
Radio Access Bearers
in Uu Interface
U
u

I
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B
a
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d
w
i
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t
h
SIR - Allowed Range
Admission Control
Interference Margin (dB) and Load Factor
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Load Factor
I
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f
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M
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d
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|
|
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|

\
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=
Factor Load
Log I
_ 1
1
10
TRHO_threshold
Prx_target
Prx_target_BS
UL interference power
Load
Planned load area
Marginal load area
planned uplink
interference power
Defines the limit (the first UL overload threshold) for
the UL interference power, after which the BTS
starts its load control actions to prevent overload.
Prx_offset
Uplink Admission Control
Prx_target defines the optimal operating point of the cell interfernce power, up
to which the Admission Control of the RNC can operate.
The restriction of CDMA
system is interference
The more transmission power
is required to achieve certain
quality
The further away
users are connected
The more users
that are connected
Finally the capacity is filled
Soft capacity
Equally loaded cells
Less load in the neighboring cells
Because of mobility and traffic variations there can be
different loadings in neighboring cells.
Intelligent RRM can utilize the soft capacity and "borrow the
interference limited capacity" from less loaded cells.
The planned coverage is
guaranteed in both cases
Enabled by accurate RT load measurements
Where are codes used?
In the Uplink (UE Node B),
the user's data and signalling
information is separated by
Channelisation Codes
data
signalling
In the Downlink (NodeBUE),
cells are seperated by
Scrambling Codes
In the Uplink (UE Node B),
terminals are separated by
Scrambling Codes
In the Downlink (Node B UE), user
connections are separated by
Channelisation Codes
Dedicated User Channel
Channel Coding
Tx RAKE
Air interface
Si gnalling Data
Call set-up,
SMS et c.
messages
Voice, vi deo
and other
user data
Channels
Radio Framing
Spreading &
Channeli sati on
Scrambling
Modulati on
Code sets
Primary Scrambling Code
Secondary Scrambling Code #1
Secondary Scrambling Code #2
Secondary Scrambling Code #15
Channelisation Code Set (256 Codes)
Channelisation Code Set (256 Codes)
Channelisation Code Set (256 Codes)
Channelisation Code Set (256 Codes)
Primary Scrambling Code
Secondary Scrambling Code #1
Secondary Scrambling Code #2
Secondary Scrambling Code #15
Channelisation Code Set (256 Codes)
Channelisation Code Set (256 Codes)
Channelisation Code Set (256 Codes)
Channelisation Code Set (256 Codes)
- 512 Code Sets x 16 Scrambling Codes = 8192 Codes numbered from 0 ... 8191 available
Code Division Multiple Access
Area type Dense
Urban
Urban Suburb Rural
Speech 92 93 95 95 %
144 kb/s NRT 85 85 85 85 %
GSM1800 speech 85 85 85 85 %
Cell range 1 1.6 2.3 5.2 km
Factors affecting cell size include:

Frequency band - 2000MHz
much higher than GSM networks.

Traffic types - WCDMA user data
rates drop off as the user moves
further away from the Node B

User levels - Demand for mobile
services will increase, leading to
much greater user densities

Fast Data
Users
Voice and
Slow Data
Users
average projected coverage
WCDMA Cell Coverage
HSDPA Release 5
AMC, adaptative modulation and coding 16
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation used in good
radio link conditions
Automatic Retransmission Query (ARQ) as
error detection mechanism provides efficient
retransmissons
support for services requiring high data rates in
downlink, e.g. Internet browsing and video on
demand.
High data rates up to 14Mbit/s
UE FDD power classes
WCDMA FDD Power
Class
Maximum output
power
Tolerance
Power class 1 33dBm (2W) +1dB/-3dB
Power class 2 27dBm (0.5W) +1dB/-3dB
Power class 3 24dBm (0.25W) +1dB/-3dB
Power class 4 21dBm (0.125W ) +/-2dB
Note: The maximum output power of FDD PCs 2 till 4 is smaller compared to
GSM because of continuous
transmission instead of non-continuous transmission of GSM. The maximum
transmission power determines the
cell radius.

UMTS Release 4: GERAN
CN (Core Network)
circuit switched (cs)
domain
packet
switched (ps) domain
3G
MSC/VLR
3G
SGSN
RNC
Node B
Node B
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
Iub
Uu
BSC
BTS
BTS
BSC
BSS
2G
SGSN
Iu-g
Iu-g
Um
Iur-Interface & Soft Handover
CN (Core Network)
circuit switched (cs)
domain
packet
switched (ps) domain
3G
MSC/VLR
3G
SGSN
UTRAN
RNC
Node B
Node B
RNC Radio Network Controller
UE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + UMTS SIM (USIM)
RNC
Node B
Node B
(RNS)
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
Iub
Iub
Iur
Iu-PS
Iu-CS
Uu
Uu
UE
I can be
connected to
several cells
simultaneously
Duplication of DL traffic,
selection of UL traffic
3G Services and
Applications
What is a potential service model?
Seamless services and
applications
Open environment - separate
services from the underlying
network
GSM applications a basis for
future applications
New applications, and more
variation of existing services
can be added thanks to new
capabilities in UMTS/3G
Terminal & USIM
Service Platform
Applications
3G Network
Service Platform
Applications
Content Content
Access Methods:
- WCDMA
- GSM900/1800
- etc.
Open / Proprietary Interface
Open Interface
UE Node B RNC
Uu Iub/Iur Iu
Core Network
Application Provider Model
Some applications will be
offered by the operator
itself.
Many applications will be
provided by third party
providers (either
dedicated to the operator,
or more independent).
What kind of applications are more likely to be offered by the operator themselves, and
what services will be supplied by other providers?
Bearer/Carrier Provider
(3G Network)
Application Provider
Content Provider Content Provider Content Provider
Application Provider Application Provider
End-Users
What kind of UMTS applications are envisioned
today?
- Public video phoning
- Ticketing services
- Interactive shopping
- News & traffic flashes
- Desktop video
conferencing
- Voice recognition & response
- Interactive & virtual school
- Universal SIM & credit card
- Virtual banking
- Currency downloading
- Video on demand
- On-line library & books
Micro-
Payment
Transact Transact PIM
Choose
Theatre
Make
Booking
Make
Payment
Choose
Restaurant
Get
Map
Get
Train
Get
Bus
Find
Parking
Make
Booking
Make
Payment
Enter
in Diary
Create
Reminder
Check
Availability
Entertainment
Common Enabling Layer
Check
- location
- preferences
- diary
Check
- Credit Card
Details
Check
- Fund
Availability
Check
- Home Location
- Preferences
- Theatre Location
Travel
Example of multiple services combined