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Introduction To Computer Graphics (CS560/CS460)

This document provides an introduction to computer graphics. It discusses how computer graphics involves creating 3D images through both art and science. It then outlines several applications of computer graphics such as CAD, scientific visualization, graphical user interfaces, and animation. The rest of the document summarizes key topics in computer graphics like modeling, rendering, animation, and virtual reality. It also provides examples of computer graphics programming and workstations.

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124 views23 pages

Introduction To Computer Graphics (CS560/CS460)

This document provides an introduction to computer graphics. It discusses how computer graphics involves creating 3D images through both art and science. It then outlines several applications of computer graphics such as CAD, scientific visualization, graphical user interfaces, and animation. The rest of the document summarizes key topics in computer graphics like modeling, rendering, animation, and virtual reality. It also provides examples of computer graphics programming and workstations.

Uploaded by

bskc_sunil
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computer Graphics (CS560/CS460)

Computer graphics means the art and science of creating images of three dimensional objects. Huge and Fast-moving field that integrates the best of art and science

Introduction to Computer Graphics


Why Computer Graphics: - Commercial and industrial design
e.g., car model CAD (computer-aided design)

- Scientific presentation
e.g., researchers want to see the results of their theories and experiments presented as pictures

- Scientific visualization
e.g., statistics data, medical volume data, bio-chemistry data, etc.

- Commercial art and fine art


e.g., Animation, Television Commercials to feature films, Entertainment

- Graphical User Interface


e.g., Programming with quick and flexible manner; training and education; flight/driving training, virtual reality display; game

- Image processing and enhancement


e.g., computer-aided surgery

Introduction to Computer Graphics


Topics in this course: - Basic conception and architecture - Raster Algorithm - Principle of 2D and 3D view - Principle of 2D and 3D transformation - Rendering (shading, illumination, texturing, ) - Modeling (curve and surface representation, ) - Animation - Virtual Reality Course work: - Programming intensive! - Math intensive!

Basic Concepts
Computer Vision - simulate the human visual system, not only see the world, but also understand the world (image object) Image Processing - pre-process the image for better see or understand Pattern Recognition - classify and recognize both image content and some other statistic data. Computer Graphics - create or synthesize a virtual image objectimage)

Basic Math
Algebra Computational Geometry E.g., R= [ ]*[ ] Interpolation and Approximation Bezier curves, spline curves, Physics based modeling

Computer Model
MODEL: The way to describe and represent the object in the real world. Scale model - A scaled up (or down) copy of some object, usually built up from many smaller pieces, or surfaces to describe its shape. Mathematical model - A description of physical laws that describes the behavior of something.

Wire model (Line drawing) and Shaded model (shaded drawing) Static model and Dynamic model

MODELING: The way to create the model

Prepared modeling and Interactive modeling Subtractive modeling and Additive modeling (Solid modeling or Constructive modeling)

Rendering
RENDERING: Creating the image as realistic as possible, representing the image in a high quality for visualization 2D Line drawing - line, circle, ellipse, text character, and other primitives 2D Image - area filled 3D wire-frame - 3D line, polygon

3D image - surface, shading, texture, transparency.


Data - Volume rendering

Rendering

(Image Courtesy of University of Utah)

Modeling
Modeling: Object representation Geometric representation - line, vertex, polygon, - curve, surface Mathematical representation - using mathematical equation to describe the object and scene Special effects/shape presentation - surface details and texture/lighting, or dynamic modeling

Animation
Animation: Motion or Movement Animation generation
- Hand-painted process: very time-consuming - Key-Framing: Interpolation - Dynamics system: make your motion as physically correct as realistic as possible - Procedure motion: programmed motion (simple, but not realistic) (e.g., if then)

Animation
Animation: Motion or Movement Human Visual System: Persistence of Vision
- When you are shown a picture, it tends to be retained in your minds eye for a very brief period of time - If the pictures are shown quickly enough, one after the other, then the new picture arrives before the old one fades, and you perceive a smooth movement. - Persistence of vision is what allows conventional file, video, and animation to provide a successful illusion of movement.

Projection rate
- film: 24 frames/second - video (television): 30 frame/second

Animation

(image from book Computer graphics principles and practice by Foley, Van Dam, Feiner and Hughes))

Animation
WARPING: Image transformation Geometric transformation - linear, non-linear

Object deformation - automatic, interactive


Special effects presentation - arts, entertainment. MORPHING: Image transition

Warping and Morphing

(Image Courtesy of Heckbert and Hanrahan NYIT))

Virtual Reality
VIRTUAL REALITY: Stereo display Dynamic display (left-eye and right-eye display alternatively) - simulate the real world, give you the real feeling

Head-Mounted display

Virtual Reality

(image from book Computer graphics principles and practice by Foley, Van Dam, Feiner and Hughes))

Recent Development
1. Characteristics: Fast and Realistic and interactive Architecture: Parallel algorithm Display: Advanced raster algorithm with antialiasing, surface simplification, large amount of data rendering (volume rendering) 3D Modeling: Image based and physics based 3D Animation: Key frames, dynamics, procedure motion capture. Warping and Morphing: Special effects. Virtual Reality: CAVE 3D stereo display

Computer Graphics Programming


MS Windows: Visual C++, or Visual Studio .Net Unix, Linux, Irix: C and C++ OpenGL and Mesa GLUT

Computer Graphics Workstation


Hardware (Physical System) INPUT - Keyboard, Image digitizer OUTPUT Softcopy (display) Hardcopy(printing) - Text CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube) - Printer, Color raster Monitor, Film/Video recorder - Calligraphic CRT (vector monitor), Plotter - Head-Mounted display (HMD) (stereo) TRACKER - Data Tablet (absolute positioning) - Stylus/Pen (absolute positioning) - Puck (absolute positioning) - Mouse (relative positioning) - Joystick - Trackball - Space Tracker (3D position and orientation) - Hand Tracker

Example (Demo)

Multi-Media Messaging with Individualized Talking Avatars

Appliations

References
Text books: (1) D. Hearn and M.P. Baker, Computer Graphics with OpenGL. Third Edition, Prentice Hall 2004 (ISBN: 0-13-015390-7). References: (1) Computer graphics: Principle and Practice (2) 3D computer graphics: A users guide for artists and designers (3) OpenGL reference menu (4) Principles of three-dimensional computer animation Journals: IEEE Transactions on Visualization IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Graphical Model and Image Processing Computer & Graphics The Visual Computer Conferences: SIGGRAPH (ACM Transaction on Computer Graphics) Proceedings of Computer Graphics International EURO Graphics Internet: http://www.sgi.com http://www.opengl.org/ http://techpubs.sgi.com/library/ http://reality.sgi.com/opengl/spec3/spec3.html http://codeguru.earthweb.com/opengl/GLDIB.shtml http://devcentral.iftech.com/learning/tutorials/mfc-win32/opengl/2.asp http://ask.ii.uib.no/ebt-bin/nph-dweb/dynaweb/SGI_Developer/OpenGL_PG/

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