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    Multiplexing in Optical Fiber Communication

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    DevLaxman
    This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in optical fiber communication, focusing on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). It explains that WDM allows multiple optical channels to be transmitted on a single fiber by using different wavelengths. Modern WDM systems can transmit over 100 channels at 10 Gbps each. The document also describes the key components used in WDM systems like multiplexers, demultiplexers, and various multiplexing techniques like fiber couplers and diffraction gratings.

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    Multiplexing in Optical Fiber Communication

    Uploaded by

    DevLaxman
    85 views16 pages
    This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in optical fiber communication, focusing on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). It explains that WDM allows multiple optical channels to be transmitted on a single fiber by using different wavelengths. Modern WDM systems can transmit over 100 channels at 10 Gbps each. The document also describes the key components used in WDM systems like multiplexers, demultiplexers, and various multiplexing techniques like fiber couplers and diffraction gratings.

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    wdm

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    WDM

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    This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in optical fiber communication, focusing on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). It explains that WDM allows multiple optical channels to be transmitted on a single fiber by using different wavelengths. Modern WDM systems can transmit over 100 channels at 10 Gbps each. The document also describes the key components used in WDM systems like multiplexers, demultiplexers, and various multiplexing techniques like fiber couplers and diffraction gratings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    85 views16 pages

    Multiplexing in Optical Fiber Communication

    Uploaded by

    DevLaxman
    This document discusses multiplexing techniques used in optical fiber communication, focusing on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). It explains that WDM allows multiple optical channels to be transmitted on a single fiber by using different wavelengths. Modern WDM systems can transmit over 100 channels at 10 Gbps each. The document also describes the key components used in WDM systems like multiplexers, demultiplexers, and various multiplexing techniques like fiber couplers and diffraction gratings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Multiplexing In Optical Fiber Communication

    Multiplexing
    Multiplexing a process where multiple message signals or data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium. Types Time division multiplexing Frequency division multiplexing Optically Time division multiplexing Wavelength division multiplexing
    2

    Higher data rate. ; Low loss ; Longer distance Less weight/size ; Interference free Electrical isolation ; Security

    Option To Fulfill the demand

    Time Division Multiplexing

    Wavelength Division Multiplexing

    Continued
    The technology of combining a number of separate optical channels on a single fiber is known as WDM. It is based on the fact that the light of different wavelength doesnt interfere and can be separated efficiently. It is similar to FDM. Different data channels are carried by different wavelengths. 1997 Bell Labs 100 beams, each at 10 Gbps Systems of 160 channels of 10 Gbps now available
    7

    Continued
    The WDM transmission is performed in 2nd & 3rd windows of the wavelength. Let we have a source of wavelength and spectral width, then BW of the WDM system is

    In 1310 nm range with spectral width 80 nm the available BW is 14 THz. In 1550 nm range with spectral width 120 nm the available BW is 30 THz.
    8

    Channel Spacing

    Continued
    By using number of light sources and allotting some guard band between wavelength of two source, a good quality transmission can be done with WDM.
    Receivers

    DWDM Multiplexer Optical fibre

    Power Amp Transmitters

    Line Amp

    Line Amp

    Receive Preamp

    DWDM DeMultiplexer
    200 km
    10

    At transmitter, there are many independently modulated light sources. Each emitting at a unique wavelength. The Multiplexers are required to combine these optical signals and couple them onto a single fiber. Multiplexer should provide a low-loss path to each optical source to fiber. At the receiver a Demultiplexer is needed to separate the optical signals into appropriate detection channel.

    11

    Wavelength multiplexer types include


    Fiber Couplers Fiber gratings

    Wavelength demultiplexer types include


    Grating Demultiplexer Tunable filter
    1 + 2
    1 2

    Grin Rod Lens

    Fibres

    Grating Multiplexer Demultiplexe Grating r


    12

    GRIN lenses are short cylindrical lengths of glass with a graded refractive index. The index decreases with the square of the distance from the axis of the lens. In this they are very similar to graded index fibre but they are usually quite a lot thicker (1-2 mm).. GRIN lenses operate by internal refraction as light passes through material of varying refractive indices.

    13

    A diffraction grating is a device that reflects or refracts light by an amount varying according to the wavelength. It consists of a very closely spaced set of parallel lines or grooves made in a mirror surface of a solid material. A grating can be formed in almost any material where we vary the optical properties (such as refractive index) in a regular way with a period close to the wavelength. Reflective gratings are wavelength-selective filters. In optical communications they are used for splitting and/or combining optical signals in WDM systems

    14

    15

    WDM MUX/DMUX

    16

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