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Adverb Clauses

This document discusses different types of adverb clauses and their markers in English grammar. It provides examples of different types of adverb clauses including those showing time, manner, cause and effect, opposition, condition, purpose, result, and place. It then provides exercises for learners to identify the correct adverb clause markers based on the meaning in several sentences.

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Muhammad Yudha Ramdhani
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398 views27 pages

Adverb Clauses

This document discusses different types of adverb clauses and their markers in English grammar. It provides examples of different types of adverb clauses including those showing time, manner, cause and effect, opposition, condition, purpose, result, and place. It then provides exercises for learners to identify the correct adverb clause markers based on the meaning in several sentences.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Yudha Ramdhani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADVERB CLAUSES

Siti Ainun, ST., Spsi., MSc

IMPORTANT
An adverb clause contains a subject and a verb A reduced adverb clause does not contain a subject and a verb Use the correct clause marker for the adverb clause

ADVERB CLAUSE MARKERS

SHOWING TIME
After, as, before, as soon as, by the time, once, since, till, untill, when, whenever, while Meteors glow as they burnt up in the atmosphere It was difficult to observe the stars before the telescope was invented I saw the tree as I walk down the street

SHOWING MANNER
As, as if, as though, just as, like Ancient peoples used the stars as if they were calendar The milky way looks as though it is a faint band of light

SHOWING CAUSE AND EFFECT


Because, since, as, now that, as long as, so that Spacesuit were designed for astronouts so that they could breath in space Since some planets are too far away to send people, computer operated space probe are sent

SHOWING OPPOSITION
Although, though, even though, while, whereas Most stars are white while some are coloured Although helium is rare on Earth, it is common in the universe

SHOWING CONDITION
If, even if, only if, in the even that, in case that, provided that, unless You will see hundreds of stars if you look at the sky You can study distant stars provided that you have a radio telescope

SHOWING PURPOSE
So that, in order that, in order to, so (that) Astronomers improved telescope so that they would discover more about the stars Astronomers developed bigger and bigger telescope in order to see the stars more clearly

SHOWING RESULT
So.. that, such..that The stars are so far away that they cannot be seen without a telescope The meteor hit the earth with such force that it made a crater

SHOWING PLACE
Where, wherever everywhere There were stars wherever she looked A crater was formed where the meteor hit the earth

EXERCISE 1

Before, when, because, although


1. New, large telescopes had to built______ important discoveries were made 2. Quasars were discovered ______astronomers noticed radio signals 3. Maarten Schmidt saw faint galaxies ______ he looked at points in the sky 4. The points could be seen ______ they shone brightly 5. Light and heat are produced in the center of a quasar _____ gas and dust fall into it 6. ______ black holes are small, they are extremly heavy

answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Before When When Because When although

Exercise 2

1. Quasars are an important discovery (because/although) they are the most powerful objects ever seen 2. The outer planets are cooler than the inner ones (as/whereas) they are further from the sun 3. A black hole is a region of space (where/whenever) the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing can escape 4. Radio waves from distant region of space could be studied (while/after) the radio telescopes collect radio waves 5. Telescopes see distant objects more clearly (whereas/because) radio telescopes collect radio waves 6. Astronomers did not know about quasars (before/so that) radio telescopes were invented

answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Because As Where After Whereas before

Exercise 3

1.

______ the ancient chinese and egyptian took astronomy seriously, the greeks were the first to study the stars scientifically
a) b) c) d) Although Despite For Nevertheless

2.

______ the development of radio telescopes, distant regions of the universe can be observed.
a) b) c) d) The reason Because of For Nevertheless As when That when It is

3.

Supernovas are caused ______ a star dies


a) b) c) d)

4.

In 1987 a canadian astronomer, ian shelton, spotted a supeprnova ______ looking at some photographs of the stars
a) b) c) d) was during As if While he was

5.

_______ 1987 supernova was so near, astronomers were able to study it carefully
a) b) c) d) although since It was As it was

6.

_______ used simple instruments, the ancient greek astronomer, Hipparchus, made the first map of the star 2100 year ago.
a) b) c) d) Even though Even though he nevertheless In spite of

ANSWER
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. A B C D B B

Exercise 4

1.

Plexiglas is used in aircraft windows ______ is almost unbreakable


a) b) c) d) It Because it Because It because

2.

American Indians grew popcorn for a few thousands years ______ arrival of European explorers in the 1400s
a) b) c) d) Before Before the Since Since they

3.

The body uses proteins for energy ______ and fats cannot meet its energy needs
a) b) c) d) That carbohydrates When carbohydrates When they are carbohydrates That when carbohydrates

4.

Spider monkeys are the best climbers in the jungle, _____ they do not have thumbs
a) b) c) d) Nevetheless For Despite although

5.

Stars are hot bodies that give out light of their own, _______ planets shine only by reflecting light
a) b) c) d) However there are since whereas While they

6.

A silkworm has glands that secrete a liquid that hardens into silk ______ comes into contact with air
a) b) c) d) As it When that it

7.

_______ their immense distance, quasars have relatively high magnitudes


a) b) c) d) As it In spite of Although yet

8.

_______ bodys activities put strains on certain bones, these bones strengthen themselves where the stress is greatest
a) b) c) d) That if that Because of If the

9.

_______ Herman Melville is now regarded as one of Americas finest writers, his greatest works mystified readers in his own lifetime
a) b) c) d) It is despite Despite Even though In spite of

10. ______ laser beam can be moved easily in all diections, it can be used for highly accurate cutting in industry
a) b) c) d) Because of It is a A As a

11.Limestone powder is added to animal feed _____ animals form good strong bones
a) b) c) d) Why So that As a result of It is that

12.______ sodium chloride (salt) is not used by sealiving organisms, it forms the dominant mineral in seawater
a) b) c) d) since It is since although Although it

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

B B B D C A B D C D B A

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